Natural gas is widely used because it is environmentally friendly,particularly in reducing carbon emission and improving the Air Quality Index(AQI)around densely populated cities.China has initiated a coal-to-gas proj...Natural gas is widely used because it is environmentally friendly,particularly in reducing carbon emission and improving the Air Quality Index(AQI)around densely populated cities.China has initiated a coal-to-gas project(CGP)to improve the air quality in northern China.As a subcompany of China National Petroleum Corporation,PetroChina Natural Gas Marketing North Company has been focusing on natural gas resource allocation while considering numerous issues such as ensuring the bottom line of livelihood requirements in winter and the performance of economic indicators for an entire calendar year in the northern part of China.Therefore,the accurate prediction of natural gas consumption is important to PetroChina Natural Gas Marketing North Company.It has become a challenge to forecast natural gas consumption because the natural gas market has changed considerably because of the CGP.Natural gas consumption cannot be forecasted using conventional models.This study analyzes the characteristics of the CGP based on the data obtained from rural individual users and company users.Based on the analysis,the gas consumption in winter is predicted using two different forecasting approaches.The methods presented in this paper provide a basis for formulating effective measures for natural gas scheduling in the northern part of China.展开更多
To reduce network access latency, network traffic volume and server load, caching capacity has been proposed as a component of evolved Node B(e Node B) in the ratio access network(RAN). These e Node B caches reduce tr...To reduce network access latency, network traffic volume and server load, caching capacity has been proposed as a component of evolved Node B(e Node B) in the ratio access network(RAN). These e Node B caches reduce transport energy consumption but lead to additional energy cost by equipping every e Node B with caching capacity. Existing researches focus on how to minimize total energy consumption, but often ignore the trade-off between energy efficiency and end user quality of experience, which may lead to undesired network performance degradation. In this paper, for the first time, we build an energy model to formulate the problem of minimizing total energy consumption at e Node B caches by taking a trade-off between energy efficiency and end user quality of experience. Through coordinating all the e Node B caches in the same RAN, the proposed model can take a good balance between caching energy and transport energy consumption while also guarantee end user quality of experience. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model. Compared with the existing works, our proposal significantly reduces the energy consumption by approximately 17% while keeps superior end user quality of experience performance.展开更多
辐射供冷空调系统是一种舒适、节能的新型空调系统。为了对比地面、顶板、墙面3种辐射供冷末端位置的室内热舒适和能耗情况,以济南市某办公建筑为例,利用仿真软件建立了辐射供冷加独立新风的复合空调系统,对比分析了3种辐射供冷方式的...辐射供冷空调系统是一种舒适、节能的新型空调系统。为了对比地面、顶板、墙面3种辐射供冷末端位置的室内热舒适和能耗情况,以济南市某办公建筑为例,利用仿真软件建立了辐射供冷加独立新风的复合空调系统,对比分析了3种辐射供冷方式的室内热舒适和房间能耗。结果表明:3种辐射供冷模型下,室内的相对湿度都在40%~60%舒适范围内;墙面和顶板辐射供冷的预测平均投票(Predicted Mean Vote, PMV)值在0.25~0.50之间,而预测不满意百分数(Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied, PPD)值小于10%,PMV-PPD指标达到了Ⅰ级,热舒适性较好;在设计日运行时间内,地面、顶板、墙面辐射供冷的总能耗分别为5.59、6.23、6.16 kW·h,地面辐射供冷的节能性最好。展开更多
Egypt has been facing a vast power crisis in the past few years. A dilemma is projected to surge on the long run if not properly dealt with. The power sector is totally dependent on fuel, which is a primary source of ...Egypt has been facing a vast power crisis in the past few years. A dilemma is projected to surge on the long run if not properly dealt with. The power sector is totally dependent on fuel, which is a primary source of energy in Egypt, and since the production of energy is not equivalent to the rising demand, so it becomes a major cause behind the power crisis. Efforts so far had been concentrating on the supply side, while neglecting an equally important part of the equation presumed by the demand side. On the other hand, energy efficiency is fast becoming an integral part of the demand, where the residential sector in Egypt plays a very important part with around 47% of power consumption, making it the highest sector consuming energy from the demand side, and hence presents a good opportunity to investigate in term of energy efficiency and the promotion of its applications in order to solve the energy problem, so that later the same concept can be applied in other sectors for a holistic solution to the both the power and the energy problem in Egypt. This study will focus on generating a political framework to promote energy efficiency as a solution to the energy problem in Egypt at end-user’s level.展开更多
End-use energy consumption can reflect the industrial development of a country and the living standards of its residents. The study of end-use energy consumption can provide a solid basis for industrial restructuring,...End-use energy consumption can reflect the industrial development of a country and the living standards of its residents. The study of end-use energy consumption can provide a solid basis for industrial restructuring, energy saving, and emission reduction. In this paper, we analyzed the end-use energy consumption of a region in Northwestern China, and applied the Markov prediction method to forecast the future demand of different types of end-use energy. This provides a reference for the energy structure optimization in the Northwestern China.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51504271)
文摘Natural gas is widely used because it is environmentally friendly,particularly in reducing carbon emission and improving the Air Quality Index(AQI)around densely populated cities.China has initiated a coal-to-gas project(CGP)to improve the air quality in northern China.As a subcompany of China National Petroleum Corporation,PetroChina Natural Gas Marketing North Company has been focusing on natural gas resource allocation while considering numerous issues such as ensuring the bottom line of livelihood requirements in winter and the performance of economic indicators for an entire calendar year in the northern part of China.Therefore,the accurate prediction of natural gas consumption is important to PetroChina Natural Gas Marketing North Company.It has become a challenge to forecast natural gas consumption because the natural gas market has changed considerably because of the CGP.Natural gas consumption cannot be forecasted using conventional models.This study analyzes the characteristics of the CGP based on the data obtained from rural individual users and company users.Based on the analysis,the gas consumption in winter is predicted using two different forecasting approaches.The methods presented in this paper provide a basis for formulating effective measures for natural gas scheduling in the northern part of China.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61502038)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.023600-500110002)
文摘To reduce network access latency, network traffic volume and server load, caching capacity has been proposed as a component of evolved Node B(e Node B) in the ratio access network(RAN). These e Node B caches reduce transport energy consumption but lead to additional energy cost by equipping every e Node B with caching capacity. Existing researches focus on how to minimize total energy consumption, but often ignore the trade-off between energy efficiency and end user quality of experience, which may lead to undesired network performance degradation. In this paper, for the first time, we build an energy model to formulate the problem of minimizing total energy consumption at e Node B caches by taking a trade-off between energy efficiency and end user quality of experience. Through coordinating all the e Node B caches in the same RAN, the proposed model can take a good balance between caching energy and transport energy consumption while also guarantee end user quality of experience. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model. Compared with the existing works, our proposal significantly reduces the energy consumption by approximately 17% while keeps superior end user quality of experience performance.
文摘辐射供冷空调系统是一种舒适、节能的新型空调系统。为了对比地面、顶板、墙面3种辐射供冷末端位置的室内热舒适和能耗情况,以济南市某办公建筑为例,利用仿真软件建立了辐射供冷加独立新风的复合空调系统,对比分析了3种辐射供冷方式的室内热舒适和房间能耗。结果表明:3种辐射供冷模型下,室内的相对湿度都在40%~60%舒适范围内;墙面和顶板辐射供冷的预测平均投票(Predicted Mean Vote, PMV)值在0.25~0.50之间,而预测不满意百分数(Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied, PPD)值小于10%,PMV-PPD指标达到了Ⅰ级,热舒适性较好;在设计日运行时间内,地面、顶板、墙面辐射供冷的总能耗分别为5.59、6.23、6.16 kW·h,地面辐射供冷的节能性最好。
文摘Egypt has been facing a vast power crisis in the past few years. A dilemma is projected to surge on the long run if not properly dealt with. The power sector is totally dependent on fuel, which is a primary source of energy in Egypt, and since the production of energy is not equivalent to the rising demand, so it becomes a major cause behind the power crisis. Efforts so far had been concentrating on the supply side, while neglecting an equally important part of the equation presumed by the demand side. On the other hand, energy efficiency is fast becoming an integral part of the demand, where the residential sector in Egypt plays a very important part with around 47% of power consumption, making it the highest sector consuming energy from the demand side, and hence presents a good opportunity to investigate in term of energy efficiency and the promotion of its applications in order to solve the energy problem, so that later the same concept can be applied in other sectors for a holistic solution to the both the power and the energy problem in Egypt. This study will focus on generating a political framework to promote energy efficiency as a solution to the energy problem in Egypt at end-user’s level.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71471059)
文摘End-use energy consumption can reflect the industrial development of a country and the living standards of its residents. The study of end-use energy consumption can provide a solid basis for industrial restructuring, energy saving, and emission reduction. In this paper, we analyzed the end-use energy consumption of a region in Northwestern China, and applied the Markov prediction method to forecast the future demand of different types of end-use energy. This provides a reference for the energy structure optimization in the Northwestern China.
