Comparative structural and electrochemical properties of mixed P2/O′3-layered sodium nickel manganese oxide prepared by sol-gel and electrospinning methods:Effect of Na-excess content

The effect of Na-excess content in the precursor on the structural and electrochemical performances of sodium nickel manganese oxide(NNMO)prepared by sol-gel and electrospinning methods is investigated in this paper.X-ray diffraction results of the prepared NNMO without adding Na-excess content indicate sodium loss,while the mixed phase of P2/O′3-type layered NNMO presented after adding Na-excess content.Compared with the sol-gel method,the secondary phase of NiO is more suppressed by using the electrospinning method,which is further confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscope images.N_(2) adsorption-desorption isotherms show no remarkably difference in specific surface areas between different preparation methods and Na-excess contents.The analysis of X-ray absorption near edge structure indicates that the oxidation states of Ni and Mn are+2 and+4,respectively.For the electrochemical properties,superior electrochemical performance is observed in the NNMO electrode with a low Na-excess content of 5wt%.The highest specific capacitance is 36.07 F·g^(-1)at0.1 A·g^(-1)in the NNMO electrode prepared by using the sol-gel method.By contrast,the NNMO electrode prepared using the electrospinning method with decreased Na-excess content shows excellent cycling stability of 100%after charge-discharge measurements for 300 cycles.Therefore,controlling the Na excess in the precursor together with the preparation method is important for improving the electrochemical performance of Na-based electrode materials in supercapacitors.

Effect of carbon, silicon, and manganese content on mean flow stress at elevated temperature

Ten studied steels including different carbon content, silicon content, and manganese content were deformed in compression over a temperature range of 600 ?C to 1 000 ?C at the strain rate of 1 s-1. The curves of the mean flow stressdeformation temperature were drawn up. The mean flow stresses of higher carbon content steels decreased continuously as the applied deformation temperature increased in the whole temperature range, while the mean flow stress of lowest carbon steel displayed an abrupt drop near the two phases region. The reason for the abrupt drop phenomena was explained as the result of phase transformation. The mean flow stresses of steels with high silicon content and low manganese content also have this phenomena.

Determination of manganese content in cottonseed meal using near-infrared spectrometry and multivariate calibration

Background:Manga nese(Mn)is an essential microelement in cotton seeds,which is usually determined by the techniques relied on hazardous reagents and complex pretreatment procedures.Therefore a rapid,low-cost,and reagent-free analytical way is demanded to substitute the traditional analytical method.Results:The Mn content in cottonseed meal was investigated by near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)and chemometrics techniques.Standard normal variate(SNV)combined with first derivatives(FD)was the optimal spectra pre-treatment method.Monte Carlo uninformative variable elimination(MCUVE)and successive projections algorithm method(SPA)were employed to extract the informative variables from the full NIR spectra.The lin ear and non linear calibration models for cott on seed Mn content were developed.Finally,the optimal model for cottonseed Mn content was obtained by MCUVE-SPA-LSSVM,with root mean squares error of prediction(RMSEP)of 1.994 6,coefficient of determination(R^2)of 0.949 3,and the residual predictive deviation(RPD)of 4.370 5,respectively.Conclusions:The MCUVE-SPA-LSSVM model is accuracy enough to measure the Mn content in cottonseed meal,which can be used as an alter native way to substitute for traditional analytical method.

Mechanism of Boron Oxide as a Phase Regulator for Modification of Manganese Slag

The current research focused on adjusting the low hydration activity of the metallurgical slag by phase reconstruction technique. Boron oxide was used as a phase regulator to improve the amorphous phase composition of the manganese slag, consequently enhancing its hydraulic activity. The effects of boron oxide dosage and calcination temperature on the manganese slag amorphous phase content were investigated. XRD and DTG were performed to analyze the hydration mechanism of the manganese slag powder and cement. Results show that, when boron oxide dosage is 15%, calcination temperature is 1 300℃, and holding time for 1 hour, the amorphous content of the modified manganese slag reaches 95% and its 28-day activity index reaches 8 1.7%. The manganese slag powder can then be used as cement or concrete admixtures for the building materials industry.

Effect of Sulfate on an Iron Manganese Catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis

The effect of sulfate on Fischer-Tropsch synthesis performance was investigated in a slurryphase continuously stirred tank reactor （CSTR） over a Fe-Mn catalyst. The physiochemical properties of the catalyst impregnated with different levels of sulfate were characterized by N2 physisorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, H2 （or CO） temperature-programmed reduction （TPR）, Mossbauer spectroscopy, and CO2 temperature-programmed desorption （TPD）. The characterization results indicated that the impregnated sulfate slightly decreased the BET surface area and pore volume of the catalyst, suppressed the catalyst reduction and carburization in CO and syngas, and decreased the catalyst surface basicity. At the same time, the addition of small amounts of sulfate improved the activities of FischerTropsch synthesis （FTS） and water gas shift （WGS）, shifted the product to light hydrocarbons （C1-C11） and suppressed the formation of heavy products （C12＋）. Addition of SO4^2- to the catalyst improved the FTS activity at a sulfur loading of 0.05-0.80 g per 100 g Fe, and S-05 catalyst gave the highest CO conversion （62.3%）, and beyond this sulfur level the activity of the catalyst decreased.

SPA-H钢低氧出钢的生产技术实践

针对生产SPA-H钢冶炼中低氧控制出钢技术开展研究,分析了相关热力学理论及低氧出钢必要性,确定了SPA-H钢合理低氧范围应为(198~333)×10^(-6)。为实现低氧控制开展了技术改进,合理控制转炉终渣成分,合理排产,实行灵活的溅渣护炉措施;改进冶炼制度,采用“一批料”模式或留少量料模式,改进氧枪工作参数,降低平均枪位,优化枪位控制,保证低枪位拉碳时间,终点温度按照1680℃控制,碳按照0.06%~0.11%控制;采用碳—氧修正模型、转炉质谱仪等辅助手段。改进后,平均终点氧含量降低,氧含量80%控制在选定合理范围,磷、硫、碳及锰含量控制水平均有提升。

基于机器学习的转炉冶炼终点残锰含量预测

钢水锰含量控制主要在转炉炉后脱氧合金化阶段实现,转炉终点锰含量的准确获取对于锰合金加入量的确定具有重要影响,进而影响到钢水锰含量的精确控制。利用某钢厂转炉1500炉次历史冶炼生产数据,采用支持向量回归算法(SVR)、轻量级梯度提升机算法(LGBM)、分类梯度提升算法(CatBoost)对转炉终点残锰含量进行了预测,再使用贝叶斯优化算法(BayesSearchCV,BOA)分别对其优化。结果表明,贝叶斯优化后的CatBoost算法(BOA-CatBoost)效果最好,其决定系数R^(2)、均方误差MSE和均方根误差RMSE分别可达到0.712,0.000048和0.007021。残锰质量分数真实值与预测值的误差在±0.010、±0.008范围内,残锰含量预测命中率分别可达到83.2%和76.2%。

基于SSA−LSTM的转炉炼钢终点锰含量预测

锰是钢铁中重要的合金元素,加入适量锰元素能提高钢铁的性能.在转炉炼钢过程中锰元素的含量直接影响钢铁质量,锰元素加入过少会导致钢铁产品的硬度和强度不足,锰元素加入过量会导致钢铁过脆和生产成本增加.因此,合适的锰元素添加量对提升钢铁质量与减少冶炼成本具有重要意义.转炉炼钢过程中锰元素的添加量主要通过终点锰预测的结果来确定,然而,终点锰含量多少受到多个因素的综合影响,其中包括氧化反应进程和合金中其他元素的添加量,影响因素呈现非线性、高耦合的特征,导致终点锰预测难度大.针对转炉炼钢终点锰预测过程中数据有含噪声、强耦合性等问题,提出了一个转炉炼钢终点锰含量预测研究架构,基于长短期记忆网络(Long Short-term memory,LSTM)预测模型,引入奇异谱分析(Singular spectral analysis,SSA)方法去除终点锰预测过程中非线性、非平稳序列的高频噪声,提出了一种基于SSA−LSTM的终点锰含量预测方法.利用河北敬业钢铁有限公司转炉炼钢生产数据验证所提预测方法的平均绝对误差为1.19%,均方根误差为1.48%.结果表明,该方法能够解决数据存在较多噪声及非线性等问题;与已有的时间序列预测方法相比,经过SSA处理的预测误差均有所减小,证明了该方法的有效性,为实际生产过程中精准加入合金提供了依据.

260 t转炉终点余锰含量控制实践

针对转炉冶炼终点余锰含量不合理影响产品质量和生产成本的问题,分析了铁水中锰含量、转炉终点温度、底吹状态、炉渣碱度及渣量等因素对终点余锰含量的影响,结果表明,转炉底吹状态、炉渣碱度及渣量是影响终点余锰含量的主要原因。采取优化转炉底吹制度和转炉吹炼工艺制度后,转炉终点余锰含量可以稳定控制在0.10%~0.12%。

有机铵盐表面修饰法制备锰酸锂专用四氧化三锰

为了得到适用于制备锰酸锂的四氧化三锰前驱体,论文以硫酸锰为原料,十二烷基三甲基氯化铵为表面改性剂,采用一步氧化法制备尖晶石四氧化三锰。得到制备四氧化三锰的最佳工艺为:表面活性剂0.52 g,pH值为10,硫酸锰浓度为150 g/L,反应温度50℃,反应时间4 h,此时的四氧化三锰的锰含量为69.87%,产率可达到73.76%。通过电镜分析表明,该工艺可以制备出锰酸锂专用的尖晶石型四氧化三锰前驱体。

低锰钢转炉锰变化规律分析与工艺优化

为了实现低锰钢的生产,分析了转炉吹炼过程锰的变化规律,并对不同工艺操作的生产数据进行对比,探索优化低锰钢的生产工艺路线和操作方法。通过优化入炉铁水条件、转炉采用双渣工艺、提高终点氧含量及终渣(FeO)含量等措施,可以将转炉出钢残锰降至0.05%以下,实现批量生产低锰钢的目标。

硫酸亚铁铵滴定法测定锰含量的不确定度评估

为判断锰砂滤料中锰含量测定结果的准确度,对GB/T 1506—2016 《锰矿石锰含量的测定电位滴定法和硫酸亚铁铵滴定法》标准中规定的硫酸亚铁铵滴定法检测锰砂滤料中锰含量的结果进行不确定评估。按照标准中规定的检测方法,建立了测量数学模型,确定会引入不确定度的五个分量。经过评估,五个分量对不确定度的影响程度按大小排序为:样品湿存水量测定>标准溶液标定>滴定样品消耗硫酸亚铁铵标准溶液体积>标准溶液配制>样品称量;在锰砂滤料样品的检测过程中,湿存水量测定的不确定度占比最大,占比为92.2%,可以通过增加检测锰砂滤料样品湿存水量的的次数来减小湿存水量对不确定度的影响。

微波消解-ICP测定硫铁合金中锰含量

研究应用微波消解处理硫铁样品,通过优化微波消解及ICP光谱仪的工作条件,建立微波消解-ICP法测定硫铁合金中锰含量,其结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)处于0.42%~0.44%,回收率在98%~108%。实验表明方法快速简便,准确度和精密度满足检测要求。

提高电解二氧化锰中间控制磨粉样铁含量检测效率的研究

研究针对电解二氧化锰中间控制磨粉样铁含量的检测效率进行了探讨。通过邻菲啰啉法对影响中间控制检测的关键因素进行了系统分析。在此基础上,提出了针对性的改进方法,并成功应用于实际检测过程中。改进后的方法不仅满足了实验室质量控制的要求,而且显著提高了分析和解决问题的能力,为提高中控化验室的工作效率和检测准确性提供了有力保障。

火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定水中锰的不确定度分析

综合理论分析与实践调查,对火焰原子吸收法测定水中锰的不确定度展开分析。在简要概述测定实验中所需的材料与方法后,为其实际测定中不确定度评定建立数学模型,对其不确定度的分量来源加以归纳,并对各分量造成的不确定度加以计算。最后通过各分量的合成与拓展,得出水中锰测定中不确定度的具体数值。

Influence of carbon content on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mn13Cr2 and Mn18Cr2 cast steels

In this paper, a comparison study was carried out to investigate the influence of carbon content on the microstructure, hardness, and impact toughness of water-quenched Mn13Cr2 and Mn18Cr2 cast steels. The study results indicate that both steels' water-quenched microstructures are composed of austenite and a small amount of carbide. The study also found that, when the carbon contents are the same, there is less carbide in Mn18Cr2 steel than in Mn13Cr2 steel. Therefore, the hardness of Mn18Cr2 steel is lower than that of Mn13Cr2 steel but the impact toughness of Mn18Cr2 steel is higher than that of Mn13Cr2 steel. With increasing the carbon content, the hardness increases and the impact toughness decreases in these two kinds of steels, and the impact toughness of Mn18Cr2 steel substantially exceeds that of Mn13Cr2 steel. Therefore, the water-quenched Mn18Cr2 steel with high carbon content could be applied to relatively high impact abrasive working conditions, while the as-cast Mn18Cr2 steel could be only used under working conditions of relatively low impact abrasive load due to lower impact toughness.

Effect of Al content on the reaction between Fe-10Mn-xAl(x=0.035wt%,0.5wt%,1wt%,and 2wt%)steel and CaO-SiO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3)-MgO slag

The effect of Al content(0.035 wt%,0.5 wt%,1 wt%,and 2 wt%)on the composition change of steel and slag as well as inclusion transformation of high manganese steel after it has equilibrated with Ca O-Si O_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3)-Mg O slag was studied using the method of slag/steel reaction.The experimental results showed that as the initial content of Al increased from 0.035 wt%to 2 wt%,Al gradually replaced Mn to react with Si O_(2)in slag to avoid the loss of Mn due to the reaction;this process caused both Al_(2)O_(3)in slag and Si in steel to increase while Si O_(2)and Mn O in slag to reduce.In addition,the type of inclusions also evolved as the initial Al content increased.The evolution route of inclusions was Mn O→Mn O-Al_(2)O_(3)-Mg O→Mg O→Mn O-Ca O-Al_(2)O_(3)-Mg O and Mn O-Ca O-Mg O.The shape of inclusions evolved from spherical to irregular,became faceted,and finally transformed to spherical.The average size of inclusions presented a trend that was increasing first and then decreasing.The transformation mechanism of inclusions was explored.As the initial content of Al increased,Mg and Ca were reduced from top slag into molten steel in sequence,which consequently caused the transformation of inclusions.

Influence of carbon content on wear resistance and wear mechanism of Mn13Cr2 and Mn18Cr2 cast steels

By means of impact abrasion tests, micro-hardness tests, and worn surface morphology observation via SEM, a comparison research based upon different impact abrasive wear conditions was conducted in this research to study the influence of different carbon contents(1.25 wt.%, 1.35 wt.%, and 1.45 wt.%) on the wear resistance and wear mechanism of water-quenched Mn13Cr2 and Mn18Cr2 cast steels. The research results show that the wear resistance of the Mn18Cr2 cast steel is superior to that of the Mn13Cr2 cast steel under the condition of the same carbon content and different impact abrasive wear conditions because the Mn18Cr2 cast steel possesses higher worn work hardening capacity as well as a more desirable combination of high hardness and impact toughness than that of the Mn13Cr2 cast steel. When a 4.5 J impact abrasive load is applied, the wear mechanism of both steels is that plastic deformation fatigue spalling and micro-cutting coexist, and the former dominates. When the carbon content is increased, the worn work hardening effect becomes increasingly dramatic, while the wear resistance of both steels decreases, which implies that an increase in impact toughness is beneficial to improving the wear resistance under severe impact abrasive wear conditions. Under the condition of a 1.0 J impact abrasive load, the wear mechanism of both steels is that plastic deformation fatigue spalling and micro-cutting coexist, and the latter plays a leading role. The worn work hardening effect and wear resistance intensify when the carbon content is increased, which implies that a higher hardness can be conducive to better wear resistance under low impact abrasive condition.

Reduced nitrogen availability during growth improves quality in red oak lettuce leaves by minimizing nitrate content, and increasing antioxidant capacity and leaf mineral content

Overuse of N in lettuce production can lead to environmental problems caused by leaching and the accumulation of harmful nitrates in edible tissues. This study investigated the effect of applied nitrogen (N) concentrations between 40 and 2400 mg·L–1 on growth, nitrate accumulation, mineral leaf content, and antioxidant capacity in Oak Leaf lettuce cv. “Shiraz” grown under hydroponic conditions in Australia. Yield (g FW) increased with nitrogen (N) application rate up to 1200 mg·L–1, as did leaf N content, while C:N declined. Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency (NUtE) increased rapidly from 40 to 75 mg·L–1 applied N, leveling at 150 mg·L–1 with no subsequent effect of N concentrations between 400 and 2400 mg·L–1. Nitrate content rose significantly with increased N, particularly at 1200 and 2400 mg·L–1. Leaf total plant phenolic content (TPP) and antioxidant capacity (measured by ferric reducing antioxidant power—FRAP) were both maximal at 75 and 400 mg·L–1 applied N, while highest oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC) values were found in leaves supplied with low N (40 to 400 mg·L–1). Applied N as calcium nitrate also significantly affected leaf mineral content as B, Mg, Mn, and Zn significantly decreased with increasing N. These results indicate that N applications of 1200 mg·L–1 or higher can result in reduced antioxidant capacity and mineral content in lettuce leaves.

脉冲加热惰性气体熔融热导法测定电解金属锰中氮含量

采用脉冲加热惰性气体熔融热导法,使用氧氮氢分析仪测定电解金属锰中氮的含量。将电解金属锰样品置于石墨套坩埚中,在分析功率4.0 kW条件下,通过选择最佳的分析条件,用钢铁标准样品建立校准曲线,确立了电解金属锰中氮的测定方法。氮的释放完全且结果稳定性较好,实现了对电解金属锰中氮含量的快速准确测定,满足日常分析工作的要求。