On-line detecting of transformer winding deformation based on parameter identification of leakage inductance

Transformers are required to demonstrate the ability to withstand short circuit currents.Over currents caused by short circuit can give rise to windings deformation.In this paper,a novel method is proposed to monitor the state of transformer windings,which is achieved through on-line detecting the leakage inductance of the windings.Specifically,the mathematical model is established for online identifying the leakage inductance of the windings by applying least square algorithm(LSA) to the equivalent circuit equations.The effect of measurement and model inaccuracy on the identification error is analyzed,and the corrected model is also given to decrease these adverse effect on the results.Finally,dynamic test is carried out to verify our method.The test results clearly show that our method is very accurate even under the fluctuation of load or power factor.Therefore,our method can be effectively used to on-line detect the windings deformation.

Analysis of Auxiliary Winding Effect on the Leakage Inductance Reduction in the Pulse Transformer Using ANSYS

Several applications need high voltage and low rise time pulses that increasing of the voltage level can be done by using transformer. The rise time is increased because of transformer leakage inductance. One of the methods to decrease the rise time is using auxiliary windings between primary and secondary. In this paper, one type of pulse transformer included auxiliary windings is modeled and simulated in ANSYS software. In this study, at first the transformer has been simulated without auxiliary windings and the leakage and self inductances are obtained then the auxiliary windings are considered in the model to calculate the leakage and self inductances of the transformer. Simulation results can be used to investigate the effect of auxiliary winding on the leakage inductance.

The Effect of Leakage Inductance on High Frequency Transformer Harmonics

Nowadays, switching power supplies are used in almost all electronic devices to regulate the voltage amplitude. The only obstacle on using these devices is the production of high frequency harmonics that violates different standards such as （FCC, VDE, 461 ）. In this paper the sources of various noises in switching power supplies will be introduced. Then, using appropriate model for high frequency transformers, a sample switching power supply will be simulated. In this simulation, the effect of leakage inductance on current and voltage waveforms of the input and output switches, which are the main cause of common mode differential mode noises and radiations, will be discussed and harmonically analyzed. Finally the experimental results will confirm the simulation conclusions.

Harmonics in the Squirrel Cage Induction Motor Analytic Calculation-Part Ⅰ: Differential Leakage, Attenuation, Asynchronous Parasitic Torques

The magnetic field generated in the air gap of the cage asynchronous machine and the harmonics of the magnetomotive forces creating that magnetic field, as well as the related differential leakage, attenuation, asynchronous parasitic torques have been discussed in great detail in the literature, but always separately, for a long time. However, systematization of the phenomenon still awaits. Therefore, it is worth summarizing the completeness of the phenomena in a single study – with a new approach at the same time-in order to reveal the relationships between them. The role of rotor slot number is emphasized much more than before. An existing, commonly used, but still impractical basic figure has been modified to more clearly demonstrate the response of the rotor for the harmonics of the stator. The need to treat differential leakage, asynchronous parasitic torques and attenuation together will be demonstrated: new formula for asynchronous parasitic torque is derived;the long-used characteristic curves for differential leakage and attenuation used separately so far was merged into one, correct curve in order to provide a correct design guide for the engineers.

Magnetic flux leakage during longitudinal magnetic flux induction heating

A three-dimensional electromagnetic thermal coupled model of a 45#steel strip during longitudinal magnetic flux induction heating was established in this study.The influence of different power levels,frequencies,and electromagnetic shielding on the magnetic induction intensity and the heating of parts of different materials around the inductor was analyzed by calculating the magnetic induction intensity around the longitudinal flux induction heater under different conditions.The results show that leakage flux can be reduced up to 49%by electromagnetic shielding.The higher the frequency,the greater the electromagnetic shielding effect,and the lower the magnetic leakage around the inductor.Conversely,the higher the power,the greater the magnetic induction around the inductor.By adding electromagnetic shielding to reduce magnetic leakage of the inductor and replacing the metal part material around the inductor with stainless steel,the heat generation of the parts around the inductor can be greatly reduced.

CALCULATION OF THE HARMONIC LEAKAGEOF IRREGULAR WINDINGS

This paper, based on the harmonic analysis and the harmonic e-quivalent circuit of the induction motor, clearly discusses the damping effectof harmonic current in the rotor and incorporates the slot-mouth factor to thewinding factor. The practical computi

Mathematical model analysis of new-type magnetic integrated CRT considering magnetic leakage

A novel magnetic integrated controllable reactor of transformer type(CRT)has the advantages of simple structure,flexible assembly,convenient maintenance and practicability.To analyze its operation characteristics accurately,we establish corresponding equivalent mathematical model considering magnetic leakage based on magnetic circuit and circuit dualistic transformation method.The distribution of magnetic leakage field of each winding is analyzed qualitatively,and the analytical calculation formulas of magnetizing inductance and leakage inductance of each winding are derived.Based on this,the analytical calculation formulas of short-circuit impedance and winding current of CRT under different working conditions are derived.The field-circuit coupling finite element model of the magnetic integrated CRT is established to simulate the current of each winding under different working conditions.The results show that the analytical calculation results of each winding current have good consistency with the finite element calculation results,indicating the validity of CRT equivalent mathematical model and correctness of the analytical formulas of leakage inductance,short-circuit impedance and winding current of CRT.The working winding current of CRT is increasing gradually with the operation of control winding in turn to realise the transition of CRT compensation capacity from zero to a rated value.

Magnetic flux leakage analysis and compensation of high-frequency planar insulated core transformer

A novel high-frequency and high power density planar insulated core transformer(PICT) applied to high voltage DC generator is introduced. PICT's operating principle and fundamental configuration are described,and preliminary experimental results in self-designed PICT apparatus are presented. Emphatically, magnetic leakage flux(MFL) giving rise to the output voltage drop is analyzed in detail both theoretically and by finite element method(FEM). Showing good consistency with experimental result, FEM simulation is considered to be practicable in physical design of PICT. To cancel out leakage inductance and improve the voltage uniformity,compensation capacitor is adopted and experimental verification is also presented. All shows satisfactory results.

Rotor parameters calculation for a solid-rotor induction motor with end rings

1.IntroductionIt is well known that the efficiency and power factor of thesolid-rotor induction motor are lower than those of the cage rotor in-duction motor due to larger leakage reactance.Therefore,conduct-ing end rings are often fitted to rotor ends to improve motor per-formance.Most of the analyses on the solid-rotor induction motorwith end rings have assumed that the motor is of infinite core lengthand tangential current in the rotor to be negligible.

基于镜像法的高频圆导线变压器漏感计算模型

高频变压器漏感是影响固态变压器功率传输特性及运行可靠性的一个重要参数,在设计阶段需要对其进行快速、精确的预测。由于数值法计算成本高昂,难以满足变压器设计阶段快速预测漏感的要求,目前常采用解析法计算漏感参数。基于一维磁场假设的计算模型忽略了绕组端部效应的影响,无法准确估计漏感。多数二维计算模型虽然考虑了横向漏磁通的影响,但泊松方程的求解及电流密度的级数表征导致其计算过程过于繁琐。因此,该文基于镜像原理准确提取磁芯窗口区域的漏磁场,推导该区域直流漏磁能量的解析表达式,并引入计及绕组集肤效应和邻近效应的频率相关因子,揭示宽频区间内漏感的衰减规律,建立能够同时考虑频变特性和绕组端部效应的漏感解析计算模型。最后,搭建漏感测量平台,针对具有不同孔隙率的变压器样机开展详细的实验研究。结果表明:所建模型的最大相对误差不超过5%,验证了该模型的准确性和有效性。

考虑中频变压器非理想几何结构的通用漏感解析模型

中频变压器非理想几何结构引起的畸变磁场对漏感解析计算精度有较大影响,进而影响变压器设计及变换器运行特性和效率特性。首先针对副边绕组为非理想几何结构的漏感解析计算问题,基于叠加定理和洛氏高度等效方法,将传统只考虑纵向漏磁场的一维模型,改进为综合考虑纵向和横向漏磁场的二维模型,显著提升计算精度,并依据此模型提出一种通用漏感优化方法。进一步,针对原副边均为非理想几何结构情况,引入洛氏叠加区域,将原副边非正交且耦合的横向漏磁场能量考虑在内,提出一种计及中频变压器非理想几何因素的通用解析模型,计算误差在7.5%以下。仿真和实验验证了模型的准确性和通用性。

基于参考电流增量法的感应分流器校验方法

感应分流器具有高准确度和高稳定性的电流比例,在电流互感器检定领域有着广泛的应用。文中提出了一种基于参考电流增量法原理的感应式分流器校验方法,文中介绍了参考电流增量法的基本原理;分析了参考电流互感器和差值电流测量线路的设计原理;搭建了感应分流器自校验的实验线路;对研制的双级感应分流器在50 Hz~1 kHz频率范围进行了校验,并对校验结果进行了不确定度分析。实验结果表明,在50 Hz~1 kHz频率范围内,双级感应分流器比值差测量合成标准不确定度优于5×10^(-8) A/A,相位差测量合成标准不确定度优于1×10^(-7) rad。

精密机械同轴扫描开关研制

在精密电测领域,鲜有面向交流自动测试系统的专用同轴扫描开关。针对于此,设计了一种4线制-15通道全同轴扫描开关装置。该装置以步进电机精密运动控制为基础,拖动快插式同轴线组件做X-Y双向定位运动,实现同轴测量通道的可靠自动切换。通过自主设计柔性对接机构,消除因运动失准导致的通道对接误差及不可逆物理损伤风险。通过分析通道热电势、泄漏阻抗、寄生电容、感性耦合电势等寄生参数的产生机理,明确了影响扫描开关电气特性的关键设计参数,进而提出针对性优化设计方法。测试结果表明,所研制扫描开关装置的通道热电势小于±50 nV,通道对地泄漏阻抗达到10^(14)Ω量级,通道间寄生电容小于1×10^(-5) pF,通道间的感性耦合系数小于1.2×10^(-10) H。

纳米晶高频变压器优化设计与实验验证

在实际工程中,电力电子变压器已经逐渐成为新能源电网等诸多领域不可或缺的重要组成部分,而作为其中关键设备的高频变压器,其优化设计也变得愈加重要。首先,利用改进的Steinmetz经验公式(improved generalized steinmetz empirical formula,IGSE)计算高频变压器铁芯损耗,并采用Dowell方法计算铜箔片在高频下的交流绕组系数。其次,分析了绕组交叉换位对铁芯窗口内漏磁场和导体内电流密度的影响,推导出基于能量法的漏电感公式,综合考虑散热器尺寸大小对温升的影响,并建立了6节点的热网络模型。最后,提出基于自由参数扫描法的高频变压器优化设计方法,得到优化设计方案的Pareto前沿,为验证设计流程的合理性,设计并制作了1台15 kW/5 kHz,效率为99%,功率密度为16.79 kW/L的高功率密度纳米晶高频变压器样机,并搭建了实验平台测试了样机的漏感、铁芯损耗、绕组损耗,与设计值的偏差分别为8.76%、4.02%、2.76%,验证了优化设计方法的正确性,为高效率、高功率密度、大容量高频变压器的研究提供理论和实验基础。

偏斜转子槽形感应电机正反转性能差异的研究

转子槽形沿径向偏斜后的电机电磁性能受电机转向影响。为减小偏斜转子槽形电机正反转时的性能差异,提出一种槽身偏斜槽形,保证槽形的槽口区域轴对称。基于转子槽漏磁模型,对比径向偏斜与槽身偏斜槽形,探讨槽形偏斜后的等效磁路变化,以及转子槽漏抗与主电抗参数随偏斜距离的变化规律。利用冻结磁导率法隔断主磁通的气隙路径,假设由槽内导体电流产生的转子漏磁场仅包括槽漏磁场,计算电机正反转下不同槽形偏斜距离时的槽漏抗值,并根据等效电路模型计算相应的主电抗值。最后,仿真计算两类偏斜转子槽电机的输出转矩与功率因数,结果表明转子槽身偏斜电机正反转时的性能接近,而且受槽形偏斜距离的影响较小。偏斜转子槽形的不对称槽口区域是引起电机正反转性能差异的主要原因。

直流偏磁对特高压交流变压器漏电感影响的分析

本文作者基于棱边有限元法建立了特高压变压器的时域场路耦合模型,通过对电路模型解耦,建立了自耦变压器的T型等效电路,求得其等效电感参数;通过对磁化曲线的修正,提高了电流的计算精度,得到更精确的直流偏磁下特高压变压器的求解结果。利用单相四柱式自耦变压器试验平台,验证了磁化曲线修正方法的可靠性。结合励磁电流、绕组电流曲线以及磁密曲线,对特高压变压器铁心饱和程度变化的原因进行分析,解释了一个周期内漏电感参数的变化规律;通过不同直流下电流曲线以及漏电感参数曲线的对比,研究了直流偏磁对漏电感参数的影响范围。

基于有限元的高频变压器分布参数计算与分析

高频变压器的分布参数会影响其输出参数及性能,推导高频变压器副边分布电容以及漏感的解析表达式,发现绕组的绕制方式、分段分层结构、绝缘层厚度、绕组高度、绝缘介质等是影响其分布参数的主要因素。针对40 kV、20 kHz的高频变压器建立了电磁场有限元仿真模型,分别计算和分析了各因素对分布电容及漏感的影响规律。优化副边绕组分段分层结构,综合考虑漏感、分布电容及绕组损耗确定变压器绕组的绝缘厚度及高度,并据此设计加工了实验样机。测试结果表明分布电容和漏感的仿真计算结果与实测值的误差分别为9.5%和11.3%。仿真分析方法以及相关的规律结论为高频变压器的分布参数计算和结构设计提供了参考。

一种抑制谱泄漏的感应电机转子断条诊断方法

电机电流特征分析已成为一种广泛应用于感应电机故障诊断的技术,然而,它的工业应用面临着现实问题。其最具挑战性的问题之一是即使在严重故障下供电频率分量的谱泄漏仍可以掩盖住故障特征谐波的谱分量。对于这个问题已经提出了不同的解决方案,例如使用滑动窗口、高级谱估计技术等。然而,这些方法只改变了当前信号的频谱含量或是增加了计算量。基于此,提出了一种新的方法,通过对时域电流采样信号简单的补零,实现对电流的频谱细化,并能较精确地估算出实际的供电频率,然后可提取几乎无泄漏的原始频谱。基于Matlab的信号测试验证了该方法的有效性。

反激电源开关管电压尖峰的形成原理

反激型开关电源在开关管关断时刻会出现高频率高幅值的电压尖峰,如果不加以处理不仅会加重电磁干扰,还会增加开关管的电压应力。基于此,详细论述开关管关断电压尖峰形成的原理,推导得出尖峰电压的表达式,并利用仿真软件MathCAD可计算得出尖峰电压的最大值和稳态值,为开关管选型和尖峰吸收电路的设计提供理论指导。

基于载波调制PWM的对称六相与三相PMSM串联系统矢量解耦控制

针对对称六相与三相PMSM串联系统的解耦控制问题,基于串联系统的数学模型,在二相旋转坐标系下进行了漏感压降补偿,并基于坐标变换和控制量叠加得到了逆变器期望输出。在解耦控制的工程实现方面,充分考虑了逆变器电压、电流限制,提出1种直流母线电压分配方法,提高了系统运行的可靠性。实验证明,所提控制策略能够实现2台电机在负载或转速突变情况下的解耦运行。