Determination of basal ileal endogenous losses and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in barley fed to growing pigs

Background： Basal ileal endogenous amino acid（AA） losses（IAAend） and standardized ileal digestibility（SID） values of cereal grains, such as barley, are apparently underestimated when determined according to the nitrogen（N）-free method. Regression analysis between the dietary apparent ileal digestible content（c AID） and total crude protein（CP） and AA can be considered as alternative approach to obtain more accurate values for IAAendand SID of AA in cereal grains.Methods： Eight hulled barley genotypes were used, with barley being the only source of CP and AA in the assay diets. The diets contained 95 % as-fed of these eight barley genotypes each, ranging in CP content between 109.1 and 123.8 g/kg dry matter（DM）. Nine ileally T-cannulated barrows, average body weight（BW） 30 ± 2 kg, were allotted to a row-column design comprising eight periods with 6 d each and nine pigs. On d 5 and the night of d 6 of every period, ileal digesta were collected for a total of 12 h. The IAAend and the SID were determined by linear regression analysis between c AID and total dietary CP and AA.Results： There exist linear relationships between cA ID and total CP and AA（P 〈 0.001）. The IAAend of CP, Lys, Met, Thr and Trp amounted to 35.34, 1.08, 0.25, 1.02 and 0.38 g/kg DM intake（DMI）, respectively, which are greater compared to average IAAend determined previously under N-free feeding conditions. The SID of CP, Lys, Met, Thr and Trp was 90,79, 85, 79 and 86 %, respectively, and was greater when compared to tabulated values. Moreover, these SID values were greater than those reported in literature, based on correction of apparent ileal digestibility（AID） of CP and AA for their IAAendvalues. Summarized, the results of the present regression analysis indicate greater IAAendin barley-based diets compared to those obtained by N-free feeding.Conclusions： For low-protein feed ingredients like barley the regression method may be preferred over correction of AID values for their IAAenddetermined under N-free feeding conditions, as intercepts and slopes of the linear regression equations between cA ID and total dietary CP and AA provide direct estimates of IAAendand SID of CP and AA in the presence of the assay feed ingredient.

Quantitative analysis of urinary endogenous markers for the treatment effect of Radix Scutellariae on type 2 diabetes rats

The effect of Radix Scutellariae treated on type 2 diabetic rats has been investigated by a liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry（LC-MS/MS） based urinary quantitative approach.In this research,multiple reactions monitoring mode of MS/MS in LC-MS/MS analysis was used to quantitatively analyze the concentrations of 7 endogenous compounds in urine of normal control group,type 2 diabetic model group and Radix Scutellariae-treated group,and multivariate statistical analysis was utilized for MS data processing.The above-mentioned three groups can be distinguished via pattern recognition.The obtained results indicated that Radix Scutellariae affect the urinary metabolic profiling of type 2 diabetic rats on the polyol pathway,protein glycation reaction and amino acids metabolism pathway.According to these results,Radix Scutellariae should have the pharmacological effect on preventing or delaying the onset and progression of diabetes and its complications.