Design,delivery and efficacy testing of therapeutic nucleic acids used to inhibit hepatitis C virus gene expression in vitro and in vivo

Despite major achievements in the treatment ofchronic hepatitis C with the combination ofinterferons and the nucleoside analog ribavirin themajority of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection cannot be treated effectively.Toimprove this response rate we used antisensetechnologies to inhibit HCV translation as possibleadditional option for experimental treatment.Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides(ODN) are

Therapeutic and Medicinal Uses of <i>Aloe vera</i>: A Review

The plant Aloe vera is used in Ayurvedic, Homoeopathic and Allopathic streams of medicine, and not only tribal community but also most of the people for food and medicine. The plant leaves contains numerous vitamins, minerals, enzymes, amino acids, natural sugars and other bioactive compounds with emollient, purgative, anti-microbial, anti inflammatory, antioxidant, aphrodisiac, anti-helmenthic, antifungal, antiseptic and cosmetic values for health care. This plant has potential to cure sunburns, burns and minor cuts, and even skin cancer. The external use in cosmetic primarily acts as skin healer and prevents injury of epithelial tissues, cures acne and gives a youthful glow to skin, also acts as extremely powerful laxative.

Continuous Wear of Hydrogel Contact Lenses for Therapeutic Use

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and complications of continuous wear of etafilcon A for therapeutic use. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 228 eyes of 219 outpatients prescribed contact lens (CL) for one week of continuous therapeutic wear during 10 years. The reason for prescription of CLs, the primary disease, the duration of CL wear and the complications were assessed retrospectively. Results: The predominant reason for prescription of CLs was relief of pain or a foreign-body sensation (62.3%) and protection of the corneal epithelium (20.6%). The primary disease was post-penetrating keratoplasty (36.8%), followed by corneal epithelial erosion (14.5%), post-lamellar keratoplasty (14.0%) and bullous keratopathy (12.2%). The average duration of wearing single lens was 6.5 ± 3.2 days. The average duration of wearing CLs in total was 9.2 ± 10.7 months. The most frequent problem associated with continuous wear of CLs was their dropping out of CLs (12.3%). The complications associated with CLs included conjunctivitis with papillary hyperplasia, corneal erosion and superficial punctate keratitis, but corneal ulcer and corneal infiltrates were not found. Conclusion: Serious complications were not shown changing the lenses every week to keep to the prescribed time limit for continuous therapeutic wear, even if corneal epithelial barrier function is impaired.

Comparison of long-lasting therapeutic effects between succimer and penicillamine on hepatolenticular degeneration

AIM To compare the long term effect of succimer (Suc) with that of penicillamine (Pen) in treating hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD). METHODS One hundred and twenty patients with HLD were divided into 2 groups. Group A ( n =60) received Suc 750mg , po. bid. Group B ( n =60) received Pen 250mg , po. qid. The period of maintenance treatment varied from 6 months to 3 years, averaging 1 5 years. Symptoms and therapeutic effects were evaluated by modified Goldstein scale. RESULTS The total effectiveness of group A in two different periods of treatment were 80% and 85% respectively, higher than those of group B (58% and 59% respectively) ( P <0 05). Suc also had obvious curative effects for the patients who failed in the use of Pen. There were fewer side effect in group A than in group B ( P <0 05). Suc and Pen could increase urinary copper excretion effectively and continually. CONCLUSION Suc is more effective and safer than Pen. Clinically, it can replace Pen as first choice drug for long term maintenance therapy of HLD.

Functional dyspepsia of ulcer-dysmotility type:clinical incidence and therapeutic strategy

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Therapeutic role of template-based lymphadenectomy in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract

Lymphadenectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract has attracted the attention of physicians. The mapping study of lymphatic spread has shown that a relatively wide area should comprise the regional nodes for tumors of the right renal pelvis or the right upper two-thirds of the ureter. A prospective study showed that an anatomical templatebased lymphadenectomy significantly improved patient survival in tumors of the renal pelvis. This benefit was more evident for patients with p T2 stage tumors or higher. The risk of regional node recurrence is significant reduced by template-based lymphadenectomy,which is likely to be associated with improved patient survival. The removal of lymph node micrometastases is assumed to be the reason for therapeutic benefit following lymphadenectomy. The number of resected lymph nodes can be used to assess the quality of lymphadenectomy,but not to determine the extent of lymphadenectomy. The guidelines currently recommend lymphadenectomy for patients with muscle-invasive disease,even though the current recommendation grades are still low. The present limitation of lymphadenectomy is the lack of standardization of the extent of lymphadenectomy and the randomized trials. Further studies are warranted to collect the evidence to support lymphadenectomy.

Blastocystis hominis as a cause of chronic diarrhea in low-resource settings:A systematic review

BACKGROUND Blastocystis hominis(B.hominis),an anaerobic unicellular protist parasite,is known for its diverse clinical manifestations upon infecting the human gastrointestinal tract.Although globally distributed,it is particularly prevalent in developing nations.Examining the symptoms and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings holds immense significance,providing healthcare practi-tioners with valuable insights to enhance patient care.AIM To synthesize existing evidence on the symptomatology and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings.METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines,a systematic review was conducted.The search spanned electronic databases including PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar.After a comprehensive screening process,a thorough examination of the papers,adhering to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and data extraction from eligible studies was conducted.The findings underwent summarization through simple descriptive analysis.RESULTS The search yielded 1200 papers,with 17 meeting inclusion criteria.Chronic diarrhea due to B.hominis infection was reported in only two studies,while abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting emerged as the most commonly documented symptoms.Recovery rates after one week of treatment ranged from 71.8%to 100%,and after two weeks,from 60%to 100%.CONCLUSION In low-resource settings,chronic diarrhea resulting from B.hominis infection is infrequent.Common symptoms include abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting.Post-treatment,clinical outcomes are notably favorable,supporting the recommendation for treatment.Metronidazole is advocated as the first-line agent,with consideration for switching to a second-line option in cases of treatment failure or poor response.

Clinacanthus nutans:a review of the medicinal uses,pharmacology and phytochemistry

Clinacanthus nutans Lindau is known as snake grass belonging to the Acanlhaceae family.This plant has diverse and potential medicinal uses in traditional herbal medicine for treating skin rashes,insects and snake bites,lesions caused by herpes simplex virus,diabetes,and gout in Malaysia.Indonesia.Thailand and China.Phylochemieal investigations documented the varied contents of bioaclive compounds from litis plant namely flavonoids,glycosides,glycoglyeerolipids.cerebrosides and monoacylmonogalatosylglycerol.The pharmacological experiment proved that various types of extracts and pure compounds from this species exhibited a broad range of biological properties such as anti-inflammatory,antiviral,antioxidant,and anti-diabetic activities.The lindings of toxicity study showed that extracts from this plant did not show any toxicity thus it can be used as strong therapeutic agents for specific diseased conditions.However,further experiments on chemical components and their mode of action showing biological activities are required to elucidate the complete phytochemical profile and assess to confirm their suitability tor future drugs.This review summarizes the medicinal uses,phytochemistry and pharmacology of this plant in order to explore its therapeutic potential and gaps necessitating for prospected research work.

High-intensity focused ultrasound extracorporeal ablation of liver tissuesin rabbits

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Controversies regarding transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have tantalized regenerative medicine with their therapeutic potential,yet a cloud of controversies looms over their clinical tran-splantation.This comprehensive review navigates the intricate landscape of MSC controversies,drawing upon 15 years of clinical experience and research.We delve into the fundamental properties of MSCs,exploring their unique immuno-modulatory capabilities and surface markers.The heart of our inquiry lies in the controversial applications of MSC transplantation,including the perennial debate between autologous and allogeneic sources,concerns about efficacy,and lingering safety apprehensions.Moreover,we unravel the enigmatic mechanisms surro-unding MSC transplantation,such as homing,integration,and the delicate balance between differentiation and paracrine effects.We also assess the current status of clinical trials and the ever-evolving regulatory landscape.As we peer into the future,we examine emerging trends,envisioning personalized medicine and innovative delivery methods.Our review provides a balanced and informed perspective on the controversies,offering readers a clear understanding of the complexities,challenges,and potential solutions in MSC transplantation.

USE OF CELL-BASED BIOASSAY FOR THE QUALITY CONTROL OF BOTANICAL THERAPEUTICS

The single most important factor in modernization efforts of traditional oriental medicines is the limited understanding of active compounds responsible for claimed therapeutic effects.Indeed,the unknown identity of biologically active molecules generates major difficulties associated with botanical therapeutics in general.This includes management of raw materials,poor understanding of

动脉内内皮抑制素联合化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌后血浆VEGF水平的动态观察

目的:探讨动脉内重组人血管内皮抑制素(recombinant human endostatin,rh-endostatin)及化疗栓塞(transarterial chemoembolization,TACE)治疗原发性肝癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)对血浆血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growthfactor,VEGF)表达的动态变化。方法:40例临床诊断为HCC的患者,随机分成2组,各20例,分别用rh-endostatin加TACE术或单纯TACE术治疗,所有病例均于TACE术前、术后3、7 d及1个月时抽血,用ELISA法定量检测血浆中VEGF的表达水平。结果:rh-endostatin加TACE术组HCC患者血浆中VEGF表达水平术后3 d明显升高,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.019),术后7 d、1个月血浆中VEGF表达水平下降至与术前比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.577及P=0.740);单纯TACE术组HCC患者血浆VEGF表达水平在术后3 d、术后7 d逐渐升高,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.014及P=0.002),术后1个月血浆VEGF表达水平逐渐下降,与术前比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.710)。结论:通过动态检测2组HCC患者血浆VEGF的表达水平,反映了rh-endostatin对血浆VEGF表达的影响,间接说明rh-endostatin对肿瘤血管生成有一定的抑制作用。

内皮抑素治疗肿瘤的研究进展

内皮抑素(endostain,ES)是一种内源性肽段,可抑制内皮细胞生长进而抑制新血管的生成,具有广谱抗肿瘤活性。尽管ES具有较低的毒性、免疫原性和耐受性等优点,但其对于肿瘤治疗的临床试验效果具有争议。文中对ES的来源、结构、作用机制以及现有的治疗策略作一综述。

大剂量顺铂恩度申时灌注联合沙利度胺治疗中晚期肝癌

目的探讨不能手术切除的中晚期肝癌的治疗新途径,延长肝癌患者的生存期。方法采用前瞻性临床试验的方法,设立治疗组和对照组,每组30例中晚期肝癌患者。治疗组在TACE前1天开始口服沙利度胺,每次50 mg,每天3次,连服14天。同日下午开始水化治疗。次日下午3:00～5:00(申时)经皮股动脉穿剌,经肝固有动脉将导管置于肿瘤供血动脉内,注入大剂量顺铂(90～180 mg)、5-FU 1.0 g,并分别将阿霉素40～50 mg及与超液态碘油10～20 mL充分乳化后注入,同时夹心注入恩度30 mg。对照组不采用大剂量顺铂申时肝动脉灌注及恩度和沙利度胺治疗,其余治疗包括TACE用药均与治疗组相同。治疗后1-2月视情况给予重复治疗。以总生存时间为主要终点,至疾病进展时间为次要终点。采用SPSS 11.5统计软件进行统计分析。结果 (1)总生存时间:治疗组1、2年生存率分别为48.8%和30.0%,中位生存时间10.8月;对照组1、2年生存率和中位生存时间分别为33.3%、16.7%和8.0月,差异有统计学意义(P=0.0452)。(2)疾病进展时间:治疗组1、2年无疾病进展率为38.3%、16.6%,中位至疾病进展时间为9.0月,对照组分别为16.7%、16.7%和5.8月,差异有统计学意义(P=0.0435)。(3)两组的不良反应包括肝肾功能变化、血常规尤其是反映骨髓功能的指标白细胞下降的幅度、胃肠道反应均无显著差异。结论恩度+大剂量顺铂申时介入肝动脉灌注联合沙利度胺治疗中晚期肝癌疗效较为满意,优于常规的TACE治疗,值得临床进一步研究。

内皮抑素治疗人乳腺癌裸鼠模型的观察

目的探讨内皮抑素对乳腺癌细胞生长和转移的抑制作用。方法建立人乳腺癌裸鼠模型30只,随机分成3组,每组10只。接种乳腺癌细胞悬液后第1周于种植部位皮下注射内皮抑素,隔天1次,剂量分别为10.0mg/kg(治疗Ⅰ组)、20.0mg/kg(治疗Ⅱ组),对照组以PBS溶液代替,共用7周。第8周颈椎脱位处死裸鼠,完整剥离肿瘤,检测肿瘤体积、抑瘤率、肿瘤微血管密度(MVD)、癌细胞凋亡指数(AI)、肝肺转移情况。结果治疗Ⅱ组、治疗Ⅰ组、对照组的肿瘤体积分别为(4132.5±578.6)mm3、(18347.5±665.0)mm3、(43653.0±639.1)mm3;抑瘤率分别为91.3%、58.4%、0;MVD分别为1.8±0.4、4.6±0.9、9.6±1.2;AI分别为(12.4±4.9)%、(8.3±2.6)%、(3.2±0.8)%,以上各项数据组间差异均有显著性(P<0.05);肝(肺)转移率分别为0(0)、60%(50%)、90%(80%),治疗Ⅱ组肝肺转移率与对照组、治疗Ⅰ组比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05),而治疗Ⅰ组与对照组比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论内皮抑素可能通过抗肿瘤血管生成、促肿瘤细胞凋亡作用,有效抑制了实验裸鼠乳腺癌细胞的生长和转移,并且其疗效与剂量相关。

瘤内局部注射重组人血管内皮抑制素对小鼠Lewis肺癌抑瘤作用的研究

目的探讨瘤内直接注射重组人血管内皮抑制素(恩度)联合腹腔注射顺铂对Lewis肺癌的抑制效果。方法成功建立小鼠Lewis肺癌移植瘤模型。按体质量将小鼠随机分为生理盐水组、顺铂组、瘤内注射恩度组、顺铂联合腹腔注射恩度组、顺铂联合瘤内注射恩度组5组。治疗后处死小鼠,计算肿瘤体积抑瘤率,用免疫组织化学法测定各组小鼠肿瘤组织血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达水平及微血管密度(microvessel density,MVD)。结果顺铂组、瘤内注射恩度组、顺铂联合腹腔注射恩度组、顺铂联合瘤内注射恩度组的抑瘤率分别为61.8%、24.9%、70.3%、74.3%。免疫组织化学结果显示,顺铂联合瘤内注射恩度组的VEGF表达及MVD计数在各实验组中均最低,与顺铂联合腹腔注射恩度组比较两者差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论经皮穿刺瘤内注射恩度联合顺铂有协同抗肿瘤作用,能有效抑制肺癌的生长及转移,并且相同剂量的恩度,肿瘤内局部注射效果优于腹腔注射。

恩度联合TP方案治疗中晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床观察

目的评价恩度联合TP方案治疗中晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效及安全性。方法选择中晚期非小细胞肺癌住院患者55例,随机分为对照组及观察组。两组均给予常规TP方案化疗,观察组另给予恩度治疗,两周期后评价疗效及毒副反应。结果观察组总有效率为57.1%,对照组总有效率为29.6%,治疗组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组间毒副反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论恩度联合TP方案化疗治疗中晚期非小细胞肺癌是一种安全有效的方案,值得在临床上推广应用。

重组人血管内皮抑素联合化疗治疗晚期头颈部癌疗效观察

目的：观察重组人血管内皮抑素联合化疗治疗晚期头颈部癌的疗效及安全性。方法：22例综合治疗后出现转移的晚期头颈部癌患者,接受恩度联合化疗的治疗方案。重组人血管内皮抑素（恩度）12~15mg/d,d1~d14,21d为1周期;卡培他滨1500~2000mg/（m2.d）,d1~d14,或替吉奥120mg/d,d1~d14,21d为1周期。每周期评价毒副反应,每2周期评价疗效,稳定和有效者继续治疗2~4周期。结果：22例患者共接受108个周期的化疗,中位4个周期,完全缓解（CR）0例,部分缓解（PR）2例,稳定（SD）14例,进展（PD）6例,总有效率RR（CR＋PR）为9.09%,疾病控制率DCR（CR＋PR＋SD）为72.7%。中位疾病进展时间10个月,中位生存时间16个月。生活质量评价19例患者有不同程度的改善。与恩度相关的毒副反应主要为轻度的心脏毒副反应,包括T波和ST-T改变、轻度高血压,其它毒副反应与化疗药物相关。结论：血管内皮抑素联合卡培他滨或替吉奥治疗晚期头颈部癌具有一定疗效,可以改善患者的QOL、毒性低、安全性良好。

重组人血管内皮抑素联合肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗结直肠癌术后肝转移的临床应用

目的探讨重组人血管内皮抑素联合肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗结直肠癌术后肝转移的临床疗效与安全性。方法 32例结直肠癌术后肝转移患者分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组采用重组人血管内皮抑素联合TACE治疗,对照组常规TACE治疗,两次治疗间隔1月。3周期后,按照RECIST标准评价疗效,观察Karnofsky评分(KPS)、CEA表达水平变化情况,对相关数据进行统计学分析。结果两组术后均无CR患者,治疗组在治疗效果、K氏评分明显好于对照组,CEA表达水平与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不良反应与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论重组人血管内皮抑素联合肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗结直肠癌术后肝转移可以改善患者K氏评分,提高治疗有效率及疾病控制率,且不良反应小,安全性好,长期结果有待进一步观察。

MCP、血管内皮抑素抑制结肠癌肝转移的作用研究

目的修饰柑橘果胶(modified citrus pectin,MCP)和血管内皮抑素(endostatin,ES)已分别被证实能通过不同机制抑制肿瘤转移的形成。探讨不同浓度的MCP及与ES联用后对小鼠结肠癌肝转移的抑制作用。方法经小鼠脾脏下极包膜注入CT-26结肠癌细胞建立结肠癌肝转移模型。135只Balb/c小鼠随机分为阴性对照组、阳性对照组、低剂量MCP组、中剂量MCP组、高剂量MCP组、ES组、低浓度MCP+ES组、中浓度MCP+ES组和高浓度MCP+ES组。MCP加入饮用水中,各组浓度分别为0、0、0.01、0.025、0.05、0、0.01、0.025及0.05g/L,ES剂量均为2mg/kg,腹腔内给药,隔天1次。3周后观察各组小鼠肝转移情况。制作肝转移瘤组织芯片,用免疫组化方法检测肝转移瘤组织中galectin-3、VEGF的表达和肿瘤微血管密度(MVD),采用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)方法检测小鼠血清galectin-3和VEGF浓度。结果(1)除阴性对照组外,各组肝转移率分别为100.0、80.0、73.3、60.0、86.7、73.3、73.3和60.0。高浓度MCP组、中浓度MCP+ES组、高浓度MCP+ES组与阳性对照组比较,肝转移灶数目均明显减少(P<0.05);高浓度MCP+ES组与ES组比较,肝转移灶数目明显减少(P<0.05)。(2)除阴性对照组外,各组脾脏种植瘤体积中位数分别为1.51cm3、0.93cm3、0.77cm3、0.70cm3、1.25cm3、1.15cm3、0.75cm3和0.67cm3。中浓度MCP组、高浓度MCP组、中浓度MCP+ES组、高浓度MCP+ES组与阳性对照组比较,脾脏种植瘤体积均明显缩小(P<0.05)。(3)各组肝转移瘤galectin-3、VEGF表达相互间比较无明显差异(P值均>0.05)。(4)阳性对照组和各治疗组的血清galectin-3、VEGF浓度均明显高于阴性对照组(P值<0.01);阳性对照组与各治疗组相互间比较无明显差异(P值均>0.05)。(5)各组肝转移瘤MVD分别为28.47±3.22、27.47±3.22、26.92±1.47、26.91±2.41、26.43±1.47、26.50±3.09、25.45±1.96和24.73±3.09,各浓度MCP+ES组肝转移瘤MVD计数与阳性对照组比较均有明显减少(P值均<0.05)。结论单用MCP或与ES联用均能有效抑制结肠癌肝转移和微血管生成。