Objective To elucidate whether endoxin is one of important factors involved in myocardial ischemia reperfusion (MIR) injury, the change of myocardial endoxin level was determined in rats with MIR injury model and the ...Objective To elucidate whether endoxin is one of important factors involved in myocardial ischemia reperfusion (MIR) injury, the change of myocardial endoxin level was determined in rats with MIR injury model and the effects of anti-digoxin antiserum (ADA), an endoxin specific antagonist, on MIR injury were studied. Methods MIR injury model was obtained by ligating left anterior descending coronary artery 30 min followed by 45 min reperfusion. Sprauge Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups of 10 rats, each. Sham group, MIR group, normal saline group, ADA 9, 18 and 36 mg/kg. ECG was continuously recorded. After reperfusion left ventricular myocardium samples of ischemic area were processed immediately. Myocardial endoxin level, Na++/K++-ATPase, Ca+{2+}-ATPase, Mg+{2+}-ATPase activities, and intramitochondrial Ca+{2+} content were measured. Results Myocardial endoxin level was significantly increased; Na++/K++-ATPase, Ca+{2+}- ATPase , and Mg+{2+}-ATPase activities were remarkably decreased; intramitochondrial Ca+{2+} content was remarkably raised; ST segments of ECG were significantly elevated and occurrence and scores of ventricular arrhythmias were significantly increased in early stage of reperfusion in rats with MIR. In all groups with ADA, myocardial endoxin level was remarkably decreased; Na++/K++-ATPase, Ca+{2+}-ATPase and Mg+{2+}-ATPase activities were drastically increased; intramitochondrial Ca+{2+} content was declined; ST segments and ventricular arrhythmias were improved. Conclusion Myocardial endoxin level was increased in MIR, which implies that the elevated endoxin may be one of major factors inducing MIR injury. This postulate is supported by the observation that ADA has protective and therapeutic effects against MIR injury probably by antagonizing the action of endoxin. The underlying mechanism may be ascribed to restoration of energy metabolism, and attenuation of intracellular Ca+{2+} overload.展开更多
Myocardial ischemia reperfusion results in an increase in intracellular sodium concentration, which secondarily increases intracellular calcium via Na+ -Ca2+ exchange, resulting in cellular injury. Endoxin is an endog...Myocardial ischemia reperfusion results in an increase in intracellular sodium concentration, which secondarily increases intracellular calcium via Na+ -Ca2+ exchange, resulting in cellular injury. Endoxin is an endogenous medium of digitalis receptor and can remarkably inhibit Na+ /K+-ATPase activity. Although the level of plasma endoxin is significantly higher during myocardial ischemia, its practical significance is unclear. This research is to investigate whether endoxin is one of important factors involved in myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury, Ischemia reperfusion injury was induced by 30 min of global ischemia and 30 min of reperfusion in isolated rat hearts. Heart rate (HR), left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) , and its first derivative (±dp/dt max) were recorded. The endoxin contents, intramitochondrial Ca2+ contents, and the Na+ /K+ -ATPase activity in myocardial tissues were measured. Myocardial damages were evaluated by electron microscopy. The endoxin and intramitochondrial Ca2+ contents in myocardial tissues were remarkably higher, myocardial membrane ATPase activity was remarkably lower, the cardiac function was significantly deteriorated, and myocardial morphological damages were severe in myocardial ischemia reperfusion group vs. control. Anti-digoxin antiserum (10, 30 mg/kg) caused a significant improvement in cardiac function (LVDP and±dp/dtmax), Na+/K+-ATPaseactivity, and myocardial morphology, and caused a reduction of endoxin and intramitochondrial Ca contents in myocardial tissues. In the present study, the endoxin antagonist, anti-digoxin antiserum, protected the myocardium against the damages induced by ischemia reperfusion in isolated rat hearts. The results suggest that endoxin might be one of main factors mediating myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury.展开更多
AIM\ The kinetic turbidimetric limulus test was used in the endotoxin assay of Ceftriaxone for injection. METHODS\ The validation test was fulfilled, when the amount of endotoxin spiked in Ceftriaxone for injection sa...AIM\ The kinetic turbidimetric limulus test was used in the endotoxin assay of Ceftriaxone for injection. METHODS\ The validation test was fulfilled, when the amount of endotoxin spiked in Ceftriaxone for injection sample (Lot. No. 001103) whose concentration of its diluted solution was 10 mg per ml, 5, 2, 1, 0.5 mg/ml. They were recovered in 24.71%,58.71%,88.70%,97.57%,96.79%; with the amount of endotoxin spiked in Ceftriaxone sample (Lot. No. 001103\,001106\,010106), their 1 mg/ml dilution was recovered in 77 06%,76.17% and 66.71%. RESULTS\ The standard endotoxin working curve is 5.00,0.500,0.0500 Eu/ml. The 1 mg/ml solution to Ceftriaxone is effective to eliminate the interference in Limulus test. CONCLUSION\ The kinetic turbidimetric Limulus test provides a new way to the detection of endotoxin in Ceftriaxone for injection.展开更多
文摘Objective To elucidate whether endoxin is one of important factors involved in myocardial ischemia reperfusion (MIR) injury, the change of myocardial endoxin level was determined in rats with MIR injury model and the effects of anti-digoxin antiserum (ADA), an endoxin specific antagonist, on MIR injury were studied. Methods MIR injury model was obtained by ligating left anterior descending coronary artery 30 min followed by 45 min reperfusion. Sprauge Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups of 10 rats, each. Sham group, MIR group, normal saline group, ADA 9, 18 and 36 mg/kg. ECG was continuously recorded. After reperfusion left ventricular myocardium samples of ischemic area were processed immediately. Myocardial endoxin level, Na++/K++-ATPase, Ca+{2+}-ATPase, Mg+{2+}-ATPase activities, and intramitochondrial Ca+{2+} content were measured. Results Myocardial endoxin level was significantly increased; Na++/K++-ATPase, Ca+{2+}- ATPase , and Mg+{2+}-ATPase activities were remarkably decreased; intramitochondrial Ca+{2+} content was remarkably raised; ST segments of ECG were significantly elevated and occurrence and scores of ventricular arrhythmias were significantly increased in early stage of reperfusion in rats with MIR. In all groups with ADA, myocardial endoxin level was remarkably decreased; Na++/K++-ATPase, Ca+{2+}-ATPase and Mg+{2+}-ATPase activities were drastically increased; intramitochondrial Ca+{2+} content was declined; ST segments and ventricular arrhythmias were improved. Conclusion Myocardial endoxin level was increased in MIR, which implies that the elevated endoxin may be one of major factors inducing MIR injury. This postulate is supported by the observation that ADA has protective and therapeutic effects against MIR injury probably by antagonizing the action of endoxin. The underlying mechanism may be ascribed to restoration of energy metabolism, and attenuation of intracellular Ca+{2+} overload.
文摘Myocardial ischemia reperfusion results in an increase in intracellular sodium concentration, which secondarily increases intracellular calcium via Na+ -Ca2+ exchange, resulting in cellular injury. Endoxin is an endogenous medium of digitalis receptor and can remarkably inhibit Na+ /K+-ATPase activity. Although the level of plasma endoxin is significantly higher during myocardial ischemia, its practical significance is unclear. This research is to investigate whether endoxin is one of important factors involved in myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury, Ischemia reperfusion injury was induced by 30 min of global ischemia and 30 min of reperfusion in isolated rat hearts. Heart rate (HR), left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) , and its first derivative (±dp/dt max) were recorded. The endoxin contents, intramitochondrial Ca2+ contents, and the Na+ /K+ -ATPase activity in myocardial tissues were measured. Myocardial damages were evaluated by electron microscopy. The endoxin and intramitochondrial Ca2+ contents in myocardial tissues were remarkably higher, myocardial membrane ATPase activity was remarkably lower, the cardiac function was significantly deteriorated, and myocardial morphological damages were severe in myocardial ischemia reperfusion group vs. control. Anti-digoxin antiserum (10, 30 mg/kg) caused a significant improvement in cardiac function (LVDP and±dp/dtmax), Na+/K+-ATPaseactivity, and myocardial morphology, and caused a reduction of endoxin and intramitochondrial Ca contents in myocardial tissues. In the present study, the endoxin antagonist, anti-digoxin antiserum, protected the myocardium against the damages induced by ischemia reperfusion in isolated rat hearts. The results suggest that endoxin might be one of main factors mediating myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury.
文摘AIM\ The kinetic turbidimetric limulus test was used in the endotoxin assay of Ceftriaxone for injection. METHODS\ The validation test was fulfilled, when the amount of endotoxin spiked in Ceftriaxone for injection sample (Lot. No. 001103) whose concentration of its diluted solution was 10 mg per ml, 5, 2, 1, 0.5 mg/ml. They were recovered in 24.71%,58.71%,88.70%,97.57%,96.79%; with the amount of endotoxin spiked in Ceftriaxone sample (Lot. No. 001103\,001106\,010106), their 1 mg/ml dilution was recovered in 77 06%,76.17% and 66.71%. RESULTS\ The standard endotoxin working curve is 5.00,0.500,0.0500 Eu/ml. The 1 mg/ml solution to Ceftriaxone is effective to eliminate the interference in Limulus test. CONCLUSION\ The kinetic turbidimetric Limulus test provides a new way to the detection of endotoxin in Ceftriaxone for injection.
