The development of the cotton fiber is very sensitive to temperature variation, and high temperature stress often causes reduced fiber yield and fiber quality. Short-term high temperature stress often occurs during co...The development of the cotton fiber is very sensitive to temperature variation, and high temperature stress often causes reduced fiber yield and fiber quality. Short-term high temperature stress often occurs during cotton production, but little is known about the specific timing and duration of stress that affects fiber development. To make this clear, pot experiments were carried in 2014 and 2015 in a climate chamber using cotton cultivars HY370WR(less sensitive variety) and Sumian 15(heat sensitive variety), which present different temperature sensitivities. Changes of the most important fiber quality indices(i.e., fiber length, fiber strength and marcironaire) and three very important fiber development components(i.e., cellulose, sucrose and callose) were analyzed to define the time window and critical duration to the high temperature stress at 34°C(max38°C/min30°C). When developing bolls were subjected to 5 days of high temperature stress at different days post-anthesis(DPA), the changes(Δ%) of fiber length, strength and micronire, as a function of imposed time followed square polynomial eq. as y=a+bx+cx^2, and the time around 15 DPA was the most sensitive period for fiber quality development in response to heat stress. When 15 DPA bolls were heat-stressed for different durations(2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 days), the changes(Δ%) of fiber length, strength and micronire, as a function of stress duration followed logistic equations y=A_1-A_2/1+(x/x_0)~p+A_2. Referred to that 5, 10 and 15% are usually used as criteria to decide whether techniques are effective or changes are significant in crop culture practice and reguard to the fiber quality indices change range, we suggested that 5% changes of the major fiber quality indices(fiber length, fiber strength and micronaire) and 10% changes of fiber development components(cellulose, sucrose and callose) could be taken as criteria to judge whether fiber development and fiber quality have been significantly affected by high temperature stress. The key time window for cotton fiber development in response to the high temperature stress was 13–19 DPA, and the critical duration was about 5 days.展开更多
Background:This study aimed to determine the effect of different carbohydrate(CHO)doses on exercise capacity in patients with McArdle disease—the paradigm of“exercise intolerance”,characterized by complete muscle g...Background:This study aimed to determine the effect of different carbohydrate(CHO)doses on exercise capacity in patients with McArdle disease—the paradigm of“exercise intolerance”,characterized by complete muscle glycogen unavailability—and to determine whether higher exogenous glucose levels affect metabolic responses at the McArdle muscle cell(in vitro)level.Methods:Patients with McArdle disease(n=8)and healthy controls(n=9)underwent a 12-min submaximal cycling constant-load bout followed by a maximal ramp test 15 min after ingesting a non-caloric placebo.In a randomized,double-blinded,cross-over design,patients repeated the tests after consuming either 75 g or 150 g of CHO(glucose:fructose=2:1).Cardiorespiratory,biochemical,perceptual,and electromyographic(EMG)variables were assessed.Additionally,glucose uptake and lactate appearance were studied in vitro in wild-type and McArdle mouse myotubes cultured with increasing glucose concentrations(0.35,1.00,4.50,and 10.00 g/L).Results:Compared with controls,patients showed the“classical”second-wind phenomenon(after prior disproportionate tachycardia,myalgia,and excess electromyographic activity during submaximal exercise,all p<0.05)and an impaired endurance exercise capacity(-51%ventilatory threshold and55%peak power output,both p<0.001).Regardless of the CHO dose(p<0.05 for both doses compared with the placebo),CHO intake increased blood glucose and lactate levels,decreased fat oxidation rates,and attenuated the second wind in the patients.However,only the higher dose increased ventilatory threshold(+27%,p=0.010)and peak power output(+18%,p=0.007).In vitro analyses revealed no differences in lactate levels across glucose concentrations in wild-type myotubes,whereas a doseresponse effect was observed in McArdle myotubes.Conclusion:CHO intake exerts beneficial effects on exercise capacity in McArdle disease,a condition associated with total muscle glycogen unavailability.Some of these benefits are dose dependent.展开更多
Background:The ergogenic effects of caffeine intake on exercise performance are well-established,even if differences exist among individuals in response to caffeine intake.The genetic variation of a specific gene,huma...Background:The ergogenic effects of caffeine intake on exercise performance are well-established,even if differences exist among individuals in response to caffeine intake.The genetic variation of a specific gene,human cytochrome P450 enzyme 1A2(CYP1A2)(rs762551),may be one reason for this difference.This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively evaluate the influence of CYP1A2 gene types on athletes’exercise performance after caffeine intake.Methods:A literature search through 4 databases(Web of Science,PubMed,Scopus,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure)was conducted until March 2023.The effect size was expressed as the weighted mean difference(WMD)by calculating fixed effects meta-analysis if heterogeneity was not significant(I^(2)≤50%and p≥0.1).Subgroup analyses were performed based on AA and AC/CC genotype of CYP1A2.Results:The final number of studies meeting the inclusion criteria was 12(n=666 participants).The overall analysis showed that the cycling time trial significantly improved after caffeine intake(WMD=-0.48,95%confidence interval(95%CI):-0.83 to-0.13,p=0.007).In subgroup analyses,acute caffeine intake improved cycling time trial only in individuals with the A allele(WMD=-0.90,95%CI:-1.48 to-0.33,p=0.002),but not the C allele(WMD=-0.08,95%CI:-0.32 to 0.17,p=0.53).Caffeine supplementation did not influence the Wingate(WMD=8.07,95%CI:-22.04 to 38.18,p=0.60)or countermovement jump test(CMJ)performance(WMD=1.17,95%CI:-0.02 to 2.36,p=0.05),and these outcomes were not influenced by CYP1A2 genotype.Conclusion:Participants with the CYP1A2 genotype with A allele improved their cycling time trials after caffeine supplementation.However,compared to placebo,acute caffeine supplementation failed to increase the Wingate or CMJ performance,regardless of CYP1A2 genotype.展开更多
With the rapid development of machine learning,the demand for high-efficient computing becomes more and more urgent.To break the bottleneck of the traditional Von Neumann architecture,computing-in-memory(CIM)has attra...With the rapid development of machine learning,the demand for high-efficient computing becomes more and more urgent.To break the bottleneck of the traditional Von Neumann architecture,computing-in-memory(CIM)has attracted increasing attention in recent years.In this work,to provide a feasible CIM solution for the large-scale neural networks(NN)requiring continuous weight updating in online training,a flash-based computing-in-memory with high endurance(10^(9) cycles)and ultrafast programming speed is investigated.On the one hand,the proposed programming scheme of channel hot electron injection(CHEI)and hot hole injection(HHI)demonstrate high linearity,symmetric potentiation,and a depression process,which help to improve the training speed and accuracy.On the other hand,the low-damage programming scheme and memory window(MW)optimizations can suppress cell degradation effectively with improved computing accuracy.Even after 109 cycles,the leakage current(I_(off))of cells remains sub-10pA,ensuring the large-scale computing ability of memory.Further characterizations are done on read disturb to demonstrate its robust reliabilities.By processing CIFAR-10 tasks,it is evident that~90%accuracy can be achieved after 109 cycles in both ResNet50 and VGG16 NN.Our results suggest that flash-based CIM has great potential to overcome the limitations of traditional Von Neumann architectures and enable high-performance NN online training,which pave the way for further development of artificial intelligence(AI)accelerators.展开更多
Solid-state drives (SSDs)have been widely used as caching tier for disk-based RAID systems to speed up dataintensive applications.However,traditional cache schemes fail to effectively boost the parity-based RAID stora...Solid-state drives (SSDs)have been widely used as caching tier for disk-based RAID systems to speed up dataintensive applications.However,traditional cache schemes fail to effectively boost the parity-based RAID storage sys- tems (e.g.,RAID-5/6),which have poor random write performance due to the small-write problem.What's worse,intensive cache writes can wear out the SSD quickly,which causes performance degradation and cost increment.In this article,we present the design and implementation of KDD, an efficient SSD-based caching system which Keeps Data and Deltas in SSD.When write requests hit in the cache, KDD dispatches the data to the RAID storage without updating the parity blocks to mitigate the small write penalty, and compactly stores the compressed deltas in SSD to reduce the cache write traffic while guaranteeing reliability in case of disk failures.In addition,KDD organizes the metadata partition on SSD as a circular log to make the cache persistent with low overhead.We evaluate the performance of KDD via both simulations and prototype implementations.Experimental results show that KDD effectively reduces the small write penalty while extending the lifetime of the SSD-based cache by up to 6.85 times.展开更多
Deduplication has been commonly used in both enterprise storage systems and cloud storage. To overcome the performance challenge for the selective restore operations of deduplication systems, solid-state-drive-based ...Deduplication has been commonly used in both enterprise storage systems and cloud storage. To overcome the performance challenge for the selective restore operations of deduplication systems, solid-state-drive-based (i.e., SSD-based) re^d cache cm, be deployed for speeding up by caching popular restore contents dynamically. Unfortunately, frequent data updates induced by classical cache schemes (e.g., LRU and LFU) significantly shorten SSDs' lifetime while slowing down I/O processes in SSDs. To address this problem, we propose a new solution -- LOP-Cache to greatly improve tile write durability of SSDs as well as I/O performance by enlarging the proportion of long-term popular (LOP) data among data written into SSD-based cache. LOP-Cache keeps LOP data in the SSD cache for a long time period to decrease the number of cache replacements. Furthermore, it prevents unpopular or unnecessary data in deduplication containers from being written into the SSD cache. We implemented LOP-Cache in a prototype deduplication system to evaluate its pertbrmance. Our experimental results indicate that LOP-Cache shortens the latency of selective restore by an average of 37.3% at the cost of a small SSD-based cache with only 5.56% capacity of the deduplicated data. Importantly, LOP-Cache improves SSDs' lifetime by a factor of 9.77. The evidence shows that LOP-Cache offers a cost-efficient SSD-based read cache solution to boost performance of selective restore for deduplication systems.展开更多
The demand for building-integrated photovoltaics and portable energy systems based on flexible photovoltaic technology such as perovskite embedded with exceptional flexibility and a superior power-to-mass ratio is eno...The demand for building-integrated photovoltaics and portable energy systems based on flexible photovoltaic technology such as perovskite embedded with exceptional flexibility and a superior power-to-mass ratio is enormous.The photoactive layer,i.e.,the perovskite thin film,as a critical component of flexible perovskite solar cells(F-PSCs),still faces long-term stability issues when deformation occurs due to encountering temperature changes that also affect intrinsic rigidity.This literature investigation summarizes the main factors responsible for the rapid destruction of F-PSCs.We focus on long-term mechanical stability of F-PSCs together with the recent research protocols for improving this performance.Furthermore,we specify the progress in F-PSCs concerning precise design strategies of the functional layer to enhance the flexural endurance of perovskite films,such as internal stress engineering,grain boundary modification,self-healing strategy,and crystallization regulation.The existing challenges of oxygen-moisture stability and advanced encapsulation technologies of F-PSCs are also discussed.As concluding remarks,we propose our viewpoints on the large-scale commercial application of F-PSCs.展开更多
In this study,application of the spectral representation method for generation of endurance time excitation functions is introduced.Using this method,the intensifying acceleration time series is generated so that its ...In this study,application of the spectral representation method for generation of endurance time excitation functions is introduced.Using this method,the intensifying acceleration time series is generated so that its acceleration response spectrum in any desired time duration is compatible with a time-scaled predefined acceleration response spectrum.For this purpose,simulated stationary acceleration time series is multiplied by the time dependent linear modulation function,then using a simple iterative scheme,it is forced to match a target acceleration response spectrum.It is shown that the generated samples have excellent conformity in low frequency,which is useful for nonlinear endurance time analysis.In the second part of this study,it is shown that this procedure can be extended to generate a set of spatially correlated endurance time excitation functions.This makes it possible to assess the performance of long structures under multi-support seismic excitation using endurance time analysis.展开更多
Crystallization annealing is a crucial process for the formation of the ferroelectric phase in HfO_(2)-based ferroelectric thin films.Here,we systematically investigate the impact of the annealing process,with tempera...Crystallization annealing is a crucial process for the formation of the ferroelectric phase in HfO_(2)-based ferroelectric thin films.Here,we systematically investigate the impact of the annealing process,with temperature varied from 350℃to 550℃,on the electricity,ferroelectricity and reliability of a Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2)(HZO;7.5 nm)film capacitor.It was found that HZO film annealed at a low temperature of 400℃can effectively suppress the formation of the monoclinic phase and reduce the leakage current.HZO film annealed at 400℃also exhibits better ferroelectric properties than those annealed at 350℃and 550℃.Specifically,the 400℃-annealed HZO film shows an outstanding 2Pr value of 54.6μC·cm^(-2)at±3.0 MV·cm^(-1),which is relatively high compared with previously reported values for HZO film under the same electric field and annealing temperature.When the applied electric field increases to±5.0 MV·cm^(-1),the 2Pr value can reach a maximum of 69.6μC·cm^(-2).In addition,the HZO films annealed at 400℃and 550℃can endure up to bout 2.3×10^(8)cycles under a cycling field of 2.0 MV·cm^(-1)before the occurrence of breakdown.In the 400℃-annealed HZO film,72.1%of the initial polarization is maintained while only 44.9%is maintained in the 550℃-annealed HZO film.Our work demonstrates that HZO film with a low crystallization temperature(400℃)has quite a high ferroelectric polarization,which is of significant importance in applications in ferroelectric memory and negative capacitance transistors.展开更多
Objective:To clarify the effect of endurance training on the expression profile of circRNA-lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA in myocardial tissues of mice after exhaustive exercise.Methods:A total of 45 male C57BL/6 mice were randoml...Objective:To clarify the effect of endurance training on the expression profile of circRNA-lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA in myocardial tissues of mice after exhaustive exercise.Methods:A total of 45 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control(C),low-strength endurance training(LSET)and high-strength endurance training(HSET)groups(n=15).The mice in the control group were not conducted to platform training.The mice in the LSET and HSET groups were conducted to platform training at 30%and 60%of exhaustive exercise once a day for 5 days a week,respectively.The exhaustion exercise was performed after 5 weeks of platform training.Total RNA was extracted from myocardial tissues,and the expression profile of circRNA-lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA in myocardial tissues was analyzed using Illimina transcriptome sequencing.Results:The distance and time of exhaustive exercise were longer in the LSET and HSET groups than in the control group,and the distance and time of exhaustive exercise were longer in the HSET group than in the LSET group(P<0.05).A total of 54 differentially expressed circRNAs(28 down-regulated and 26 up-regulated),7 differentially expressed lncRNAs(all down-regulated),3 differentially expressed miRNAs(1 down-regulated and 2 up-regulated)and 99 differentially expressed mRNAs(81 down-regulated and 18 up-regulated)were identified by transcriptome sequencing(P<0.05).Interaction network analysis revealed that ENSMUSG00000113041,MSTRG.79740,mmu-miR-374c-5p,18 down-regulated mRNAs and 3 up-regulated mRNAs formed a regulatory network.GO functional analysis revealed that the differentially expressed mRNAs were mainly enriched in primary metabolic processes and macromolecular synthesis and metabolic processes.KEGG pathway analysis revealed that the differentially expressed mRNAs were mainly enriched in complement and coagulation cascade pathways,estrogen signaling pathway and glucagon signaling pathway.Conclusion:Endurance training could alter the expression profile of circRNA-lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA in myocardial tissues of mice after exhaustive exercise,and these differentially expressed RNAs form a regulatory network that affects cardiomyocyte synthesis and metabolism and thus participates in the regulation of myocardial injury.展开更多
[Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate the storage durability of a new line of endurable storage hybrid rice Chucangyou No.1 selected by endurable storage genes of Yunhui 290.[Method] Agronomic character...[Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate the storage durability of a new line of endurable storage hybrid rice Chucangyou No.1 selected by endurable storage genes of Yunhui 290.[Method] Agronomic characters of the new line and the control II you 838 and Shanyou 63 were comparatively studied,and storage durability of the new line and indica,japonica or hybrid rice were also comparatively analyzed by the accelerated ageing test.[Result] Agronomic characters of the new line were excellent,and germination rate in the artificial accelerated ageing test was significantly higher than those in other materials.[Conclusion] Chucangyou No.1 has the better storage durability,which can be used in large scale of extention.展开更多
Unit 3 The Present Language Points: 1.rare:a.稀有的,罕见的,不常发生的。例如: (1)The panda is now a rare animal.熊猫现在是稀有动物。 (2)It is rare for her to go to class late.她上课很少迟到。
To screen out a series of ideal plants that can effectively remedy contaminated soils by heavy metals is the main groundwork of phytoremediation engineering and the first step of its commercial application on a large ...To screen out a series of ideal plants that can effectively remedy contaminated soils by heavy metals is the main groundwork of phytoremediation engineering and the first step of its commercial application on a large scale. In this study, accumulation and endurance of 45 weed species in 16 families from an agricultural site were in situ examined by using the pot-culture field experiment, and the remediation potential of some weed species with high accumulation of heavy metals was assayed. The results showed that Solanum nigrum and Conyza canadensis can not only accumulate high concentration of Cd, but also strongly endure to single Cd and Cd-Pb-Cu-Zn combined pollution. Thus 2 weed species can be regarded as good hyperaccumulators for the remediation of Cd-contaminated soils. Although there were high Cd-accumulation in Artemigia selengensis, Znula britannica and Cephalanoplos setosum, their biomass was adversely affected due to action of heavy metals in the soils. If the problem of low endurance to heavy metals can be solved by a reinforcer, 3 weed species can be perhaps applied commercially.展开更多
Purpose:To determine the intra-tester reliability of clinical measurements that assess five components related to core stability:strength. endurance,flexibility,motor control,and function. Methods:Participants were 15...Purpose:To determine the intra-tester reliability of clinical measurements that assess five components related to core stability:strength. endurance,flexibility,motor control,and function. Methods:Participants were 15 college-aged males who had not suffered any orthopedic injury in the past year.Core strength measurements included eight isometric tests and a sit-up test.The four core endurance tests were the trunk flexor test,trunk extensor test,and bilateral side bridge tests.Flexibility tests included the sit-and-reach test and active range of the trunk and hip joint motions.Proprioception via passive reposition tests of the hips and a single limb balance test on an unsteady platform were used to evaluate core motor control.Functional measurements consisted of a squat test and a single leg hop test for time and distance.Measurements were performed during two data collection sessions with a week’s rest between the sessions.Intra-class correlation coefficients were calculated to establish reliability. Results:The overall intra-rater reliability for all core stability related measurements ranged from low(ICC = 0.35,left hip reposition) to very high(ICC = 0.98,sit-and-reach).As a group,the core endurance tests were observed to be the most reliable. Conclusion:There are highly reliable tests in each of the five groups.Overall,core endurance tests are the most reliable measurements,followed by the flexibility,strength,neuromuscular control,and functional tests,respectively.展开更多
Purpose: This study was to present the 2016 prevalence estimates of Chinese school-aged children meeting physical fitness standards and to examine differences by sex and residence locales in children who did not meet ...Purpose: This study was to present the 2016 prevalence estimates of Chinese school-aged children meeting physical fitness standards and to examine differences by sex and residence locales in children who did not meet fitness standards.Methods: We conducted cross-sectional analyses of 171,991 children and adolescents(boy: 50.0%, Grades 1–12) who participated in the 2016 Physical Activity and Fitness in China—The Youth Study. The main outcomes were fitness measures, assessed by the 2014 revised Chinese National Student Physical Fitness Standard(CNSPFS), covering areas of aerobic capacity, upper body strength, flexibility, body mass index,abdominal strength, and trunk strength. Children's overall physical fitness performance was categorized, per CNSPFS standards, as excellent,good, pass, or no pass. Data on the prevalence of physical fitness categories and not meeting fitness standards(i.e., among children who received a "no pass" mark) were analyzed, through logistic regression, by sex(boy, girl) and residence locales(urban, rural) across 3 school grades(primary,junior middle, and junior high).Results: In 2016, 5.95% of Chinese children and adolescents achieved an "excellent" mark, 25.80% received a "good" rating, 59.90% received a "pass", and 8.35% received a "no pass". Overall, boys were more likely to not pass the fitness standards compared with girls(adjusted odds ratio(a OR) = 1.710; 95% confidence interval(CI): 1.708–1.712) and children living in urban areas were more likely to not pass the standards than those living in rural areas(a OR = 1.298; 95%CI: 1.296–1.299). Consistent patterns of not meeting fitness standards were also found by sex and residence locales across all 3 school grades.Conclusion: In the Chinese school-aged population, about 3 in 10 children achieved an "excellent" or "good" fitness standard in 2016, and about8% of this population did not meet CNSPFS standards. Children living in urban areas were more likely to not meet minimum fitness performance levels, and boys in school were more likely to not meet minimum fitness performance levels than girls.展开更多
The swimming endurance of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei, 87.66 mm±0.25 mm, 7.73 g±0.06 g) was exam-ined at various concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO, 1.9, 3.8, 6.8 and 13.6mgL-1) in a swimmi...The swimming endurance of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei, 87.66 mm±0.25 mm, 7.73 g±0.06 g) was exam-ined at various concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO, 1.9, 3.8, 6.8 and 13.6mgL-1) in a swimming channel against one of the fiveflow velocities (vb v2, v3, v4 and vs). Metabolite contents in the plasma, hepatopancreas and pleopods muscle of the shrimp werequantified before and after swimming fatigue. The results revealed that the swimming speed and DO concentration were significantfactors that affected the swimming endurance ofL. vannamei. The relationship between swimming endurance and swimming speedat various DO concentrations can be described by the power model (vtb= a). The relationship between DO concentration (mgL-l) e 9000and the swimming ability index (SAI), defined as SAI= ∫9000vdt (cm), can be described as SAI=27.947DO0.137 (R2=0.9312). Thelevel of DO concentration directly affected the physiology of shrimp, and exposure to low concentrations of DO led to the increasesin lactate and energetic substrate content in the shrimp. In responding to the low DO concentration at 1.9 mg L-1 and the swimmingstress, L. vannamei exhibited a mix of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism to satisfy the energetic demand, mainly characterized by theutilization of total protein and glycogen and the production of lactate and glucose. Fatigue from swimming led to severe loss ofplasma triglyceride at Vl, v2, and v3 with 1.9mgL-1DO, and at V1 with 3.8, 6.8 and 13.6mgL-1 DO, whereas the plasma glucose con-tent increased significantly at v3, v4 and v5 with 3.8 and 6.8mgL-1 DO, and at v5 with 13.6mgL-1 DO. The plasma total protein andhepatopancreas glycogen were highly depleted in shrimp by swimming fatigue at various DO concentrations, whereas the plasmalactate accumulated at high levels after swimming fatigue at different velocities. These results were of particular value to under-standing the locomotory ability of whiteleg shrimp and its physiological changes, further contributing to the improvement of captureand rearing technique.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31271654,31471444)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(BK20131318)
文摘The development of the cotton fiber is very sensitive to temperature variation, and high temperature stress often causes reduced fiber yield and fiber quality. Short-term high temperature stress often occurs during cotton production, but little is known about the specific timing and duration of stress that affects fiber development. To make this clear, pot experiments were carried in 2014 and 2015 in a climate chamber using cotton cultivars HY370WR(less sensitive variety) and Sumian 15(heat sensitive variety), which present different temperature sensitivities. Changes of the most important fiber quality indices(i.e., fiber length, fiber strength and marcironaire) and three very important fiber development components(i.e., cellulose, sucrose and callose) were analyzed to define the time window and critical duration to the high temperature stress at 34°C(max38°C/min30°C). When developing bolls were subjected to 5 days of high temperature stress at different days post-anthesis(DPA), the changes(Δ%) of fiber length, strength and micronire, as a function of imposed time followed square polynomial eq. as y=a+bx+cx^2, and the time around 15 DPA was the most sensitive period for fiber quality development in response to heat stress. When 15 DPA bolls were heat-stressed for different durations(2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 days), the changes(Δ%) of fiber length, strength and micronire, as a function of stress duration followed logistic equations y=A_1-A_2/1+(x/x_0)~p+A_2. Referred to that 5, 10 and 15% are usually used as criteria to decide whether techniques are effective or changes are significant in crop culture practice and reguard to the fiber quality indices change range, we suggested that 5% changes of the major fiber quality indices(fiber length, fiber strength and micronaire) and 10% changes of fiber development components(cellulose, sucrose and callose) could be taken as criteria to judge whether fiber development and fiber quality have been significantly affected by high temperature stress. The key time window for cotton fiber development in response to the high temperature stress was 13–19 DPA, and the critical duration was about 5 days.
基金supported by a Sara Borrell postdoctoral contract granted by Instituto de Salud Carlos III(CD21/00138).PLV,DB-G and AL are funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and Fondos Feder(Alejandro Lucia,Grant No.PI18/00139)TP is funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and Fondos Feder(Tomas Pinos,Grant No.PI22/00201).
文摘Background:This study aimed to determine the effect of different carbohydrate(CHO)doses on exercise capacity in patients with McArdle disease—the paradigm of“exercise intolerance”,characterized by complete muscle glycogen unavailability—and to determine whether higher exogenous glucose levels affect metabolic responses at the McArdle muscle cell(in vitro)level.Methods:Patients with McArdle disease(n=8)and healthy controls(n=9)underwent a 12-min submaximal cycling constant-load bout followed by a maximal ramp test 15 min after ingesting a non-caloric placebo.In a randomized,double-blinded,cross-over design,patients repeated the tests after consuming either 75 g or 150 g of CHO(glucose:fructose=2:1).Cardiorespiratory,biochemical,perceptual,and electromyographic(EMG)variables were assessed.Additionally,glucose uptake and lactate appearance were studied in vitro in wild-type and McArdle mouse myotubes cultured with increasing glucose concentrations(0.35,1.00,4.50,and 10.00 g/L).Results:Compared with controls,patients showed the“classical”second-wind phenomenon(after prior disproportionate tachycardia,myalgia,and excess electromyographic activity during submaximal exercise,all p<0.05)and an impaired endurance exercise capacity(-51%ventilatory threshold and55%peak power output,both p<0.001).Regardless of the CHO dose(p<0.05 for both doses compared with the placebo),CHO intake increased blood glucose and lactate levels,decreased fat oxidation rates,and attenuated the second wind in the patients.However,only the higher dose increased ventilatory threshold(+27%,p=0.010)and peak power output(+18%,p=0.007).In vitro analyses revealed no differences in lactate levels across glucose concentrations in wild-type myotubes,whereas a doseresponse effect was observed in McArdle myotubes.Conclusion:CHO intake exerts beneficial effects on exercise capacity in McArdle disease,a condition associated with total muscle glycogen unavailability.Some of these benefits are dose dependent.
文摘Background:The ergogenic effects of caffeine intake on exercise performance are well-established,even if differences exist among individuals in response to caffeine intake.The genetic variation of a specific gene,human cytochrome P450 enzyme 1A2(CYP1A2)(rs762551),may be one reason for this difference.This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively evaluate the influence of CYP1A2 gene types on athletes’exercise performance after caffeine intake.Methods:A literature search through 4 databases(Web of Science,PubMed,Scopus,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure)was conducted until March 2023.The effect size was expressed as the weighted mean difference(WMD)by calculating fixed effects meta-analysis if heterogeneity was not significant(I^(2)≤50%and p≥0.1).Subgroup analyses were performed based on AA and AC/CC genotype of CYP1A2.Results:The final number of studies meeting the inclusion criteria was 12(n=666 participants).The overall analysis showed that the cycling time trial significantly improved after caffeine intake(WMD=-0.48,95%confidence interval(95%CI):-0.83 to-0.13,p=0.007).In subgroup analyses,acute caffeine intake improved cycling time trial only in individuals with the A allele(WMD=-0.90,95%CI:-1.48 to-0.33,p=0.002),but not the C allele(WMD=-0.08,95%CI:-0.32 to 0.17,p=0.53).Caffeine supplementation did not influence the Wingate(WMD=8.07,95%CI:-22.04 to 38.18,p=0.60)or countermovement jump test(CMJ)performance(WMD=1.17,95%CI:-0.02 to 2.36,p=0.05),and these outcomes were not influenced by CYP1A2 genotype.Conclusion:Participants with the CYP1A2 genotype with A allele improved their cycling time trials after caffeine supplementation.However,compared to placebo,acute caffeine supplementation failed to increase the Wingate or CMJ performance,regardless of CYP1A2 genotype.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62034006,92264201,and 91964105)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Nos.ZR2020JQ28 and ZR2020KF016)the Program of Qilu Young Scholars of Shandong University.
文摘With the rapid development of machine learning,the demand for high-efficient computing becomes more and more urgent.To break the bottleneck of the traditional Von Neumann architecture,computing-in-memory(CIM)has attracted increasing attention in recent years.In this work,to provide a feasible CIM solution for the large-scale neural networks(NN)requiring continuous weight updating in online training,a flash-based computing-in-memory with high endurance(10^(9) cycles)and ultrafast programming speed is investigated.On the one hand,the proposed programming scheme of channel hot electron injection(CHEI)and hot hole injection(HHI)demonstrate high linearity,symmetric potentiation,and a depression process,which help to improve the training speed and accuracy.On the other hand,the low-damage programming scheme and memory window(MW)optimizations can suppress cell degradation effectively with improved computing accuracy.Even after 109 cycles,the leakage current(I_(off))of cells remains sub-10pA,ensuring the large-scale computing ability of memory.Further characterizations are done on read disturb to demonstrate its robust reliabilities.By processing CIFAR-10 tasks,it is evident that~90%accuracy can be achieved after 109 cycles in both ResNet50 and VGG16 NN.Our results suggest that flash-based CIM has great potential to overcome the limitations of traditional Von Neumann architectures and enable high-performance NN online training,which pave the way for further development of artificial intelligence(AI)accelerators.
基金the National High Technology Research and Development Program (863 Program) (2015AA015301),and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.61472153,61502191).The preliminary conference version appears in the Proceedings of the 45th International Conference on Parallel Processing (ICPP),2016.
文摘Solid-state drives (SSDs)have been widely used as caching tier for disk-based RAID systems to speed up dataintensive applications.However,traditional cache schemes fail to effectively boost the parity-based RAID storage sys- tems (e.g.,RAID-5/6),which have poor random write performance due to the small-write problem.What's worse,intensive cache writes can wear out the SSD quickly,which causes performance degradation and cost increment.In this article,we present the design and implementation of KDD, an efficient SSD-based caching system which Keeps Data and Deltas in SSD.When write requests hit in the cache, KDD dispatches the data to the RAID storage without updating the parity blocks to mitigate the small write penalty, and compactly stores the compressed deltas in SSD to reduce the cache write traffic while guaranteeing reliability in case of disk failures.In addition,KDD organizes the metadata partition on SSD as a circular log to make the cache persistent with low overhead.We evaluate the performance of KDD via both simulations and prototype implementations.Experimental results show that KDD effectively reduces the small write penalty while extending the lifetime of the SSD-based cache by up to 6.85 times.
基金This work is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing under Grant No. 4172031, the Pundamental Research FSmds for the Central Universities of China, and the Research Funds of Renmin University of China under Grant No. 16XNLQ02. Xiao Qin's work is supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant Nos. IIS-1618669, CCF-0845257 (CAREER), CNS-0917137, CNS-0757778, CCF-0742187, CNS-0831502, CNS-0855251, and OCI-0753305. Xiao Qin's study is also supported by the Programme of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities (111 Project) in China under Grant No. B07038.
文摘Deduplication has been commonly used in both enterprise storage systems and cloud storage. To overcome the performance challenge for the selective restore operations of deduplication systems, solid-state-drive-based (i.e., SSD-based) re^d cache cm, be deployed for speeding up by caching popular restore contents dynamically. Unfortunately, frequent data updates induced by classical cache schemes (e.g., LRU and LFU) significantly shorten SSDs' lifetime while slowing down I/O processes in SSDs. To address this problem, we propose a new solution -- LOP-Cache to greatly improve tile write durability of SSDs as well as I/O performance by enlarging the proportion of long-term popular (LOP) data among data written into SSD-based cache. LOP-Cache keeps LOP data in the SSD cache for a long time period to decrease the number of cache replacements. Furthermore, it prevents unpopular or unnecessary data in deduplication containers from being written into the SSD cache. We implemented LOP-Cache in a prototype deduplication system to evaluate its pertbrmance. Our experimental results indicate that LOP-Cache shortens the latency of selective restore by an average of 37.3% at the cost of a small SSD-based cache with only 5.56% capacity of the deduplicated data. Importantly, LOP-Cache improves SSDs' lifetime by a factor of 9.77. The evidence shows that LOP-Cache offers a cost-efficient SSD-based read cache solution to boost performance of selective restore for deduplication systems.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB4200052)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21975088)+2 种基金the Department of Science and Technology of Hubei Province(2022EHB009)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M711236)S.A.thanks European Research Council(MOLEMAT-726360)for support.
文摘The demand for building-integrated photovoltaics and portable energy systems based on flexible photovoltaic technology such as perovskite embedded with exceptional flexibility and a superior power-to-mass ratio is enormous.The photoactive layer,i.e.,the perovskite thin film,as a critical component of flexible perovskite solar cells(F-PSCs),still faces long-term stability issues when deformation occurs due to encountering temperature changes that also affect intrinsic rigidity.This literature investigation summarizes the main factors responsible for the rapid destruction of F-PSCs.We focus on long-term mechanical stability of F-PSCs together with the recent research protocols for improving this performance.Furthermore,we specify the progress in F-PSCs concerning precise design strategies of the functional layer to enhance the flexural endurance of perovskite films,such as internal stress engineering,grain boundary modification,self-healing strategy,and crystallization regulation.The existing challenges of oxygen-moisture stability and advanced encapsulation technologies of F-PSCs are also discussed.As concluding remarks,we propose our viewpoints on the large-scale commercial application of F-PSCs.
文摘In this study,application of the spectral representation method for generation of endurance time excitation functions is introduced.Using this method,the intensifying acceleration time series is generated so that its acceleration response spectrum in any desired time duration is compatible with a time-scaled predefined acceleration response spectrum.For this purpose,simulated stationary acceleration time series is multiplied by the time dependent linear modulation function,then using a simple iterative scheme,it is forced to match a target acceleration response spectrum.It is shown that the generated samples have excellent conformity in low frequency,which is useful for nonlinear endurance time analysis.In the second part of this study,it is shown that this procedure can be extended to generate a set of spatially correlated endurance time excitation functions.This makes it possible to assess the performance of long structures under multi-support seismic excitation using endurance time analysis.
基金Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.523QN257)Collegelevel Scientific Research Foundation of Qiongtai Normal University(Grant No.qtqn202215)+6 种基金the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students(Grant No.202213811016)Science and Technology Program of Henan(Grant No.232102210182)Scientific Research Foundation of Henan Normal University(Grant No.20230196)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.ZR2023QA047)Foundation of PeiXin(Grant No.2023PX027)Science and technology smes innovation ability improvement project(Grant No.2023TSGC0154)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62174059)。
文摘Crystallization annealing is a crucial process for the formation of the ferroelectric phase in HfO_(2)-based ferroelectric thin films.Here,we systematically investigate the impact of the annealing process,with temperature varied from 350℃to 550℃,on the electricity,ferroelectricity and reliability of a Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2)(HZO;7.5 nm)film capacitor.It was found that HZO film annealed at a low temperature of 400℃can effectively suppress the formation of the monoclinic phase and reduce the leakage current.HZO film annealed at 400℃also exhibits better ferroelectric properties than those annealed at 350℃and 550℃.Specifically,the 400℃-annealed HZO film shows an outstanding 2Pr value of 54.6μC·cm^(-2)at±3.0 MV·cm^(-1),which is relatively high compared with previously reported values for HZO film under the same electric field and annealing temperature.When the applied electric field increases to±5.0 MV·cm^(-1),the 2Pr value can reach a maximum of 69.6μC·cm^(-2).In addition,the HZO films annealed at 400℃and 550℃can endure up to bout 2.3×10^(8)cycles under a cycling field of 2.0 MV·cm^(-1)before the occurrence of breakdown.In the 400℃-annealed HZO film,72.1%of the initial polarization is maintained while only 44.9%is maintained in the 550℃-annealed HZO film.Our work demonstrates that HZO film with a low crystallization temperature(400℃)has quite a high ferroelectric polarization,which is of significant importance in applications in ferroelectric memory and negative capacitance transistors.
基金The Medical and Health Science and Technology Development Planning Project of Shandong Province(202103011061)。
文摘Objective:To clarify the effect of endurance training on the expression profile of circRNA-lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA in myocardial tissues of mice after exhaustive exercise.Methods:A total of 45 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control(C),low-strength endurance training(LSET)and high-strength endurance training(HSET)groups(n=15).The mice in the control group were not conducted to platform training.The mice in the LSET and HSET groups were conducted to platform training at 30%and 60%of exhaustive exercise once a day for 5 days a week,respectively.The exhaustion exercise was performed after 5 weeks of platform training.Total RNA was extracted from myocardial tissues,and the expression profile of circRNA-lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA in myocardial tissues was analyzed using Illimina transcriptome sequencing.Results:The distance and time of exhaustive exercise were longer in the LSET and HSET groups than in the control group,and the distance and time of exhaustive exercise were longer in the HSET group than in the LSET group(P<0.05).A total of 54 differentially expressed circRNAs(28 down-regulated and 26 up-regulated),7 differentially expressed lncRNAs(all down-regulated),3 differentially expressed miRNAs(1 down-regulated and 2 up-regulated)and 99 differentially expressed mRNAs(81 down-regulated and 18 up-regulated)were identified by transcriptome sequencing(P<0.05).Interaction network analysis revealed that ENSMUSG00000113041,MSTRG.79740,mmu-miR-374c-5p,18 down-regulated mRNAs and 3 up-regulated mRNAs formed a regulatory network.GO functional analysis revealed that the differentially expressed mRNAs were mainly enriched in primary metabolic processes and macromolecular synthesis and metabolic processes.KEGG pathway analysis revealed that the differentially expressed mRNAs were mainly enriched in complement and coagulation cascade pathways,estrogen signaling pathway and glucagon signaling pathway.Conclusion:Endurance training could alter the expression profile of circRNA-lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA in myocardial tissues of mice after exhaustive exercise,and these differentially expressed RNAs form a regulatory network that affects cardiomyocyte synthesis and metabolism and thus participates in the regulation of myocardial injury.
基金Support by National Key Technology R&D Program(2006BAD01A01-5)Science and Technological Fund of Anhui Province for Outstanding Youth(08040106802)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate the storage durability of a new line of endurable storage hybrid rice Chucangyou No.1 selected by endurable storage genes of Yunhui 290.[Method] Agronomic characters of the new line and the control II you 838 and Shanyou 63 were comparatively studied,and storage durability of the new line and indica,japonica or hybrid rice were also comparatively analyzed by the accelerated ageing test.[Result] Agronomic characters of the new line were excellent,and germination rate in the artificial accelerated ageing test was significantly higher than those in other materials.[Conclusion] Chucangyou No.1 has the better storage durability,which can be used in large scale of extention.
文摘Unit 3 The Present Language Points: 1.rare:a.稀有的,罕见的,不常发生的。例如: (1)The panda is now a rare animal.熊猫现在是稀有动物。 (2)It is rare for her to go to class late.她上课很少迟到。
文摘To screen out a series of ideal plants that can effectively remedy contaminated soils by heavy metals is the main groundwork of phytoremediation engineering and the first step of its commercial application on a large scale. In this study, accumulation and endurance of 45 weed species in 16 families from an agricultural site were in situ examined by using the pot-culture field experiment, and the remediation potential of some weed species with high accumulation of heavy metals was assayed. The results showed that Solanum nigrum and Conyza canadensis can not only accumulate high concentration of Cd, but also strongly endure to single Cd and Cd-Pb-Cu-Zn combined pollution. Thus 2 weed species can be regarded as good hyperaccumulators for the remediation of Cd-contaminated soils. Although there were high Cd-accumulation in Artemigia selengensis, Znula britannica and Cephalanoplos setosum, their biomass was adversely affected due to action of heavy metals in the soils. If the problem of low endurance to heavy metals can be solved by a reinforcer, 3 weed species can be perhaps applied commercially.
文摘Purpose:To determine the intra-tester reliability of clinical measurements that assess five components related to core stability:strength. endurance,flexibility,motor control,and function. Methods:Participants were 15 college-aged males who had not suffered any orthopedic injury in the past year.Core strength measurements included eight isometric tests and a sit-up test.The four core endurance tests were the trunk flexor test,trunk extensor test,and bilateral side bridge tests.Flexibility tests included the sit-and-reach test and active range of the trunk and hip joint motions.Proprioception via passive reposition tests of the hips and a single limb balance test on an unsteady platform were used to evaluate core motor control.Functional measurements consisted of a squat test and a single leg hop test for time and distance.Measurements were performed during two data collection sessions with a week’s rest between the sessions.Intra-class correlation coefficients were calculated to establish reliability. Results:The overall intra-rater reliability for all core stability related measurements ranged from low(ICC = 0.35,left hip reposition) to very high(ICC = 0.98,sit-and-reach).As a group,the core endurance tests were observed to be the most reliable. Conclusion:There are highly reliable tests in each of the five groups.Overall,core endurance tests are the most reliable measurements,followed by the flexibility,strength,neuromuscular control,and functional tests,respectively.
基金supported by the Key Project of the National Social Science Foundation of China (No. 16ZDA227)
文摘Purpose: This study was to present the 2016 prevalence estimates of Chinese school-aged children meeting physical fitness standards and to examine differences by sex and residence locales in children who did not meet fitness standards.Methods: We conducted cross-sectional analyses of 171,991 children and adolescents(boy: 50.0%, Grades 1–12) who participated in the 2016 Physical Activity and Fitness in China—The Youth Study. The main outcomes were fitness measures, assessed by the 2014 revised Chinese National Student Physical Fitness Standard(CNSPFS), covering areas of aerobic capacity, upper body strength, flexibility, body mass index,abdominal strength, and trunk strength. Children's overall physical fitness performance was categorized, per CNSPFS standards, as excellent,good, pass, or no pass. Data on the prevalence of physical fitness categories and not meeting fitness standards(i.e., among children who received a "no pass" mark) were analyzed, through logistic regression, by sex(boy, girl) and residence locales(urban, rural) across 3 school grades(primary,junior middle, and junior high).Results: In 2016, 5.95% of Chinese children and adolescents achieved an "excellent" mark, 25.80% received a "good" rating, 59.90% received a "pass", and 8.35% received a "no pass". Overall, boys were more likely to not pass the fitness standards compared with girls(adjusted odds ratio(a OR) = 1.710; 95% confidence interval(CI): 1.708–1.712) and children living in urban areas were more likely to not pass the standards than those living in rural areas(a OR = 1.298; 95%CI: 1.296–1.299). Consistent patterns of not meeting fitness standards were also found by sex and residence locales across all 3 school grades.Conclusion: In the Chinese school-aged population, about 3 in 10 children achieved an "excellent" or "good" fitness standard in 2016, and about8% of this population did not meet CNSPFS standards. Children living in urban areas were more likely to not meet minimum fitness performance levels, and boys in school were more likely to not meet minimum fitness performance levels than girls.
文摘The swimming endurance of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei, 87.66 mm±0.25 mm, 7.73 g±0.06 g) was exam-ined at various concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO, 1.9, 3.8, 6.8 and 13.6mgL-1) in a swimming channel against one of the fiveflow velocities (vb v2, v3, v4 and vs). Metabolite contents in the plasma, hepatopancreas and pleopods muscle of the shrimp werequantified before and after swimming fatigue. The results revealed that the swimming speed and DO concentration were significantfactors that affected the swimming endurance ofL. vannamei. The relationship between swimming endurance and swimming speedat various DO concentrations can be described by the power model (vtb= a). The relationship between DO concentration (mgL-l) e 9000and the swimming ability index (SAI), defined as SAI= ∫9000vdt (cm), can be described as SAI=27.947DO0.137 (R2=0.9312). Thelevel of DO concentration directly affected the physiology of shrimp, and exposure to low concentrations of DO led to the increasesin lactate and energetic substrate content in the shrimp. In responding to the low DO concentration at 1.9 mg L-1 and the swimmingstress, L. vannamei exhibited a mix of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism to satisfy the energetic demand, mainly characterized by theutilization of total protein and glycogen and the production of lactate and glucose. Fatigue from swimming led to severe loss ofplasma triglyceride at Vl, v2, and v3 with 1.9mgL-1DO, and at V1 with 3.8, 6.8 and 13.6mgL-1 DO, whereas the plasma glucose con-tent increased significantly at v3, v4 and v5 with 3.8 and 6.8mgL-1 DO, and at v5 with 13.6mgL-1 DO. The plasma total protein andhepatopancreas glycogen were highly depleted in shrimp by swimming fatigue at various DO concentrations, whereas the plasmalactate accumulated at high levels after swimming fatigue at different velocities. These results were of particular value to under-standing the locomotory ability of whiteleg shrimp and its physiological changes, further contributing to the improvement of captureand rearing technique.