We conducted 2-D particle-in-cell simulations to investigate the impact of boundary conditions on the evolution of magnetic reconnection. The results demonstrate that the boundary conditions are crucial to this evolut...We conducted 2-D particle-in-cell simulations to investigate the impact of boundary conditions on the evolution of magnetic reconnection. The results demonstrate that the boundary conditions are crucial to this evolution. Specifically, in the cases of traditional periodic boundary(PB) and fully-opened boundary(OB) conditions, the evolutions are quite similar before the system achieves the fastest reconnection rate. However, differences emerge between the two cases afterward. In the PB case, the reconnection electric field experiences a rapid decline and even becomes negative, indicating a reversal of the reconnection process. In contrast, the system maintains a fast reconnection stage in the OB case. Suprathermal electrons are generated near the separatrix and in the exhaust region of both simulation cases. In the electron density depletion layer and the dipolarization front region, a larger proportion of suprathermal electrons are produced in the OB case. Medium-energy electrons are mainly located in the vicinity of the X-line and downstream of the reconnection site in both cases. However, in the OB case, they can also be generated in the electron holes along the separatrix. Before the reverse reconnection stage, no high-energy electrons are present in the PB case. In contrast, about 20% of the electrons in the thin and elongated electron current layer are high-energy in the OB case.展开更多
Extract of the eschar tissue taken from the rat which had been given full-thickness burn of20% TBSA was found to be inhibitory to the respiratory function of the mitochondria and theenergization of the inner membrane....Extract of the eschar tissue taken from the rat which had been given full-thickness burn of20% TBSA was found to be inhibitory to the respiratory function of the mitochondria and theenergization of the inner membrane. The inhibition was also demonstrated by the 1: 2 and 1: 4and 1: 8 dilutions of the eschar extract. The extract of normal skin only showed weak inhibitory cf-fect. The 1: 4 dilution of normal skin had no (?) on mitochondrial functions. There is a widegap between the malonaldehyde (MDA) contents of these two kinds of extracts. An apparent posi-tive correlation was found between MDA content and degree of inhibition. However, on close ex-amination, it was found that the MDA content is not the direct cause of the decrease of therespiratory control ratio (RCR). The increase of MDA content is probably related to the destruc-tion of the lipid bilayer of the mitochondria. Data from the energization experiment show that theenergization process is compromised when the destruction of the membrane has proceeded to a cer-tain degrce. The inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory function becomes evident when encrgizationfunction is still normal. Therefore at least two mechanisms are operating in the inhibition process.Further work is needed to elucidate the problem.展开更多
We provide correlated observations of enhanced dayside whistler-mode waves and energetic electron acceleration collected by the CLUSTER and GOES satellites during the 23～24 September 2001 storm. Energetic （〉0.6 MeV...We provide correlated observations of enhanced dayside whistler-mode waves and energetic electron acceleration collected by the CLUSTER and GOES satellites during the 23～24 September 2001 storm. Energetic （〉0.6 MeV） electron fluxes are found to increase significantly during the recovery phase and the main phase, by a factor of～50 higher than the prestorm level. These high electron fluxes occur when strong dayside whistler-mode waves are present. Two-dimensional （2D） numerical simulations are carried out and the results demonstrate that the dayside whistler-mode wave can contribute to such enhancements in electron flux within 24 h, consistent with the observation.展开更多
COVID-19 is caused by novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV),which has the characteristics of strong infectivity,rapid onset and rapid spread.It is popular in China and other parts of the world,and there are no special drugs at...COVID-19 is caused by novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV),which has the characteristics of strong infectivity,rapid onset and rapid spread.It is popular in China and other parts of the world,and there are no special drugs at present.This disease belongs to the category of plague in traditional Chinese medicine.Combined with the theory of triple energizer transmission in Yang Lishan's"Identification of Warm Disease",the confirmed case in our hospital was analyzed,and it was found that pathogenic qi entered from nose and mouth,injected into middle energizer,and then distributed in upper and lower energizer.The pathogenic qi is mainly diffused in the middle and upper energizer.Modified Maxing Ganshi decoction has a good effect.展开更多
In the present paper the main results of the pre-operational studies related to the energization maneuver of a Half-Wavelength Transmission Line (AC-Link), are presented. The simulations were performed in PSCAD with a...In the present paper the main results of the pre-operational studies related to the energization maneuver of a Half-Wavelength Transmission Line (AC-Link), are presented. The simulations were performed in PSCAD with actual Brazilian system data. Specifically the following studies were performed: electromagnetic transient studies of energization maneuver considering no fault and the occurrence of fault along the trunk;dynamic analysis of generator units that will energize the AC-Link;TRV on the circuit-breaker that will energize the trunk. The main conclusion is that the AC-Link energization experiment can be implemented without jeopardizing or causing time-life reduction of the equipment involved in the experiment, which comprises the generator unit that will energize the trunk, the step-up transformer, the arresters that will be kept during the experiments, as well as the circuit-breaker that will energize and then trip the AC-Link.展开更多
THE 36-hectare Reppie Sanitary Landfill, also known as Qoshe. dirt in local slanG, has been Ethiopia＇s bisgest rubbish site for more than half a century. The landfill, located on the outskirts of Addis Ababa,
We are interested in the existence and asymptotic behavior for the least energy solutions of the following fractional eigenvalue problem (P)(-△)^(s)u+V(x)u=μu+am(x)|u|^(4s/N)u,∫_(R^(N))|u|^(2)dx=1,u∈H^(s)(R^(N)),w...We are interested in the existence and asymptotic behavior for the least energy solutions of the following fractional eigenvalue problem (P)(-△)^(s)u+V(x)u=μu+am(x)|u|^(4s/N)u,∫_(R^(N))|u|^(2)dx=1,u∈H^(s)(R^(N)),where s∈(0,1),μ∈R,a>0,V(x)and m(x)are L^(∞)(R^(N))functions with N≥2.We prove that there is a threshold a^(*)_(s)>0 such that problem(P)has a least energy solution u_(a)(x)for each a∈(0,a^(*)_(s))and u_(a)blows up,as a↗a^(*)_(s),at some point x_(0)∈R^(N),which makes V(x_(0))be the minimum and m(x_(0))be the maximum.Moreover,the precise blowup rates for u_(a)are obtained under suitable conditions on V(x)and m(x).展开更多
基金the support from the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.ZDBSSSW-TLC00105)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFF0503200)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41974173 and 42274224)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2019066)。
文摘We conducted 2-D particle-in-cell simulations to investigate the impact of boundary conditions on the evolution of magnetic reconnection. The results demonstrate that the boundary conditions are crucial to this evolution. Specifically, in the cases of traditional periodic boundary(PB) and fully-opened boundary(OB) conditions, the evolutions are quite similar before the system achieves the fastest reconnection rate. However, differences emerge between the two cases afterward. In the PB case, the reconnection electric field experiences a rapid decline and even becomes negative, indicating a reversal of the reconnection process. In contrast, the system maintains a fast reconnection stage in the OB case. Suprathermal electrons are generated near the separatrix and in the exhaust region of both simulation cases. In the electron density depletion layer and the dipolarization front region, a larger proportion of suprathermal electrons are produced in the OB case. Medium-energy electrons are mainly located in the vicinity of the X-line and downstream of the reconnection site in both cases. However, in the OB case, they can also be generated in the electron holes along the separatrix. Before the reverse reconnection stage, no high-energy electrons are present in the PB case. In contrast, about 20% of the electrons in the thin and elongated electron current layer are high-energy in the OB case.
文摘Extract of the eschar tissue taken from the rat which had been given full-thickness burn of20% TBSA was found to be inhibitory to the respiratory function of the mitochondria and theenergization of the inner membrane. The inhibition was also demonstrated by the 1: 2 and 1: 4and 1: 8 dilutions of the eschar extract. The extract of normal skin only showed weak inhibitory cf-fect. The 1: 4 dilution of normal skin had no (?) on mitochondrial functions. There is a widegap between the malonaldehyde (MDA) contents of these two kinds of extracts. An apparent posi-tive correlation was found between MDA content and degree of inhibition. However, on close ex-amination, it was found that the MDA content is not the direct cause of the decrease of therespiratory control ratio (RCR). The increase of MDA content is probably related to the destruc-tion of the lipid bilayer of the mitochondria. Data from the energization experiment show that theenergization process is compromised when the destruction of the membrane has proceeded to a cer-tain degrce. The inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory function becomes evident when encrgizationfunction is still normal. Therefore at least two mechanisms are operating in the inhibition process.Further work is needed to elucidate the problem.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.40925014,41274165)the Specialized Research Fund for State Key Laboratories,the Aid Program for Science and Technology Innovative Research Team in Higher Educational Institutions of HunanProvincethe Construct Program of the Key Discipline in Hunan Province,China
文摘We provide correlated observations of enhanced dayside whistler-mode waves and energetic electron acceleration collected by the CLUSTER and GOES satellites during the 23～24 September 2001 storm. Energetic （〉0.6 MeV） electron fluxes are found to increase significantly during the recovery phase and the main phase, by a factor of～50 higher than the prestorm level. These high electron fluxes occur when strong dayside whistler-mode waves are present. Two-dimensional （2D） numerical simulations are carried out and the results demonstrate that the dayside whistler-mode wave can contribute to such enhancements in electron flux within 24 h, consistent with the observation.
基金The Science and Technology Program of Guangdong,China(nos.SDZX2020024SDZX2020055).+6 种基金Project of Chinese Medicine Administration of Guangdong Province,China(nos.2020ZYYJ182020139220201388Guangdong Traditional Chinese Medicine[2019]No.1)Science and Technology Program of Yangjiang,China(nos.201839201950)。
文摘COVID-19 is caused by novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV),which has the characteristics of strong infectivity,rapid onset and rapid spread.It is popular in China and other parts of the world,and there are no special drugs at present.This disease belongs to the category of plague in traditional Chinese medicine.Combined with the theory of triple energizer transmission in Yang Lishan's"Identification of Warm Disease",the confirmed case in our hospital was analyzed,and it was found that pathogenic qi entered from nose and mouth,injected into middle energizer,and then distributed in upper and lower energizer.The pathogenic qi is mainly diffused in the middle and upper energizer.Modified Maxing Ganshi decoction has a good effect.
基金supported CNPq,CAPES and FAPESP in Brazilthe project supported by ELETROBRAS/ELETRONORTE,ELETROBRAS/CHESF and ENTE as part of ANEEL(Brazilian Electrical Energy Regula-tory Agency)strategic project 2008(proc.4500072477).
文摘In the present paper the main results of the pre-operational studies related to the energization maneuver of a Half-Wavelength Transmission Line (AC-Link), are presented. The simulations were performed in PSCAD with actual Brazilian system data. Specifically the following studies were performed: electromagnetic transient studies of energization maneuver considering no fault and the occurrence of fault along the trunk;dynamic analysis of generator units that will energize the AC-Link;TRV on the circuit-breaker that will energize the trunk. The main conclusion is that the AC-Link energization experiment can be implemented without jeopardizing or causing time-life reduction of the equipment involved in the experiment, which comprises the generator unit that will energize the trunk, the step-up transformer, the arresters that will be kept during the experiments, as well as the circuit-breaker that will energize and then trip the AC-Link.
文摘THE 36-hectare Reppie Sanitary Landfill, also known as Qoshe. dirt in local slanG, has been Ethiopia＇s bisgest rubbish site for more than half a century. The landfill, located on the outskirts of Addis Ababa,
基金Supported by NSFC (Grant Nos.11931012,11871387,11871395 and 12171379)。
文摘We are interested in the existence and asymptotic behavior for the least energy solutions of the following fractional eigenvalue problem (P)(-△)^(s)u+V(x)u=μu+am(x)|u|^(4s/N)u,∫_(R^(N))|u|^(2)dx=1,u∈H^(s)(R^(N)),where s∈(0,1),μ∈R,a>0,V(x)and m(x)are L^(∞)(R^(N))functions with N≥2.We prove that there is a threshold a^(*)_(s)>0 such that problem(P)has a least energy solution u_(a)(x)for each a∈(0,a^(*)_(s))and u_(a)blows up,as a↗a^(*)_(s),at some point x_(0)∈R^(N),which makes V(x_(0))be the minimum and m(x_(0))be the maximum.Moreover,the precise blowup rates for u_(a)are obtained under suitable conditions on V(x)and m(x).
