Nitrogen-rich heterocyclic energetic compounds(NRHECs)and their salts have witnessed widespread synthesis in recent years.The substantial energy-density content within these compounds can lead to potentially dangerous...Nitrogen-rich heterocyclic energetic compounds(NRHECs)and their salts have witnessed widespread synthesis in recent years.The substantial energy-density content within these compounds can lead to potentially dangerous explosive reactions when subjected to external stimuli such as electrical discharge.Therefore,developing a reliable model for predicting their electrostatic discharge sensitivity(ESD)becomes imperative.This study proposes a novel and straightforward model based on the presence of specific groups(-NH_(2) or-NH-,-N=N^(+)-O^(-)and-NNO_(2),-ONO_(2) or-NO_(2))under certain conditions to assess the ESD of NRHECs and their salts,employing interpretable structural parameters.Utilizing a comprehensive dataset comprising 54 ESD measurements of NRHECs and their salts,divided into 49/5 training/test sets,the model achieves promising results.The Root Mean Square Error(RMSE),Mean Absolute Error(MAE),and Maximum Error for the training set are reported as 0.16 J,0.12 J,and 0.5 J,respectively.Notably,the ratios RMSE(training)/RMSE(test),MAE(training)/MAE(test),and Max Error(training)/Max Error(test)are all greater than 1.0,indicating the robust predictive capabilities of the model.The presented model demonstrates its efficacy in providing a reliable assessment of ESD for the targeted NRHECs and their salts,without the need for intricate computer codes or expert involvement.展开更多
Two novel energetic coordination compounds Zn2（DAT）5（H2O）3（TNR）2 and Co2（DAT）5（H2O）3（TNR）2 were synthesized and their structures were characterized by elemental analysis and FT-IR spectroscopy.The crystal ...Two novel energetic coordination compounds Zn2（DAT）5（H2O）3（TNR）2 and Co2（DAT）5（H2O）3（TNR）2 were synthesized and their structures were characterized by elemental analysis and FT-IR spectroscopy.The crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.The results reveal that the compounds have similar molecular structures and the crystals belong to the triclinic system,space group P with a = 11.491（3）,b = 13.564（3）,c = 15.496（3） ,V = 2180.4（8） 3,C17H28 Zn2N36O19,Mr = 1203.02 g·mol-1,Dc = 1.832 g·cm-3,μ（MoKα） = 1.221 mm-1,F（000） = 1223,Z = 2,R = 0.0596 and wR = 0.1514 for 11289 observed reflections（I 〉 2σ（I）） for Zn2（DAT）5（H2O）3（TNR）2 and a = 11.5291（13）,b = 13.4894（15）,c = 15.4852（17） ,V = 2164.8（4） 3,C17H28Co2N36O19,Mr = 1190.14 g·mol-1,Dc = 1.826 g·cm-3,μ（MoKα） = 0.888 mm-1,F（000） = 1211,Z = 2,R = 0.0576 and wR = 0.1431 for 11218 observed reflections（I 〉 2σ（I）） for Co2（DAT）5（H2O）3（TNR）2,respectively.The thermal decomposition characteristics of the com-pounds were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetry-diffediffer-rential thermal gravimetry.The results of thermal decomposition processes were similar for the two compounds.Both undergo four-step decomposition after the loss of coordinated H2O molecules.The final solid residues for the two DAT complexes were the corresponding metal oxides.The kinetic parameter of the first exothermic process of the compounds was studied by applying the Kissinger and Ozawa-Doyle methods.The thermodynamic parameters of the activation could be calculated.Sensitivity tests revealed that Co2（DAT）5（H2O）3（TNR）2 was more sensitive than Zn2（DAT）5（H2O）3（TNR）2.展开更多
采用超临界流体R ESS法对超细黑索今(RD X)进行了包覆,研究了不同系统温度、溶液浓度、系统压力对包覆后超细RD X造型粉效果的影响,并对其进行撞击感度测试。结果表明,系统温度45℃以上,造型粉颗粒之间氟橡胶粘结在一起,分散性较差;氟...采用超临界流体R ESS法对超细黑索今(RD X)进行了包覆,研究了不同系统温度、溶液浓度、系统压力对包覆后超细RD X造型粉效果的影响,并对其进行撞击感度测试。结果表明,系统温度45℃以上,造型粉颗粒之间氟橡胶粘结在一起,分散性较差;氟橡胶浓度0.4 g/m L以上,其造型粉颗粒尺寸增大;系统压力降低到12 M P a以下,颗粒表面未完全被氟橡胶包覆,且分散性也较差。当系统温度40℃、氟橡胶浓度0.3 g/m L、系统压力14 M P a、通气时间20 m in条件下,包覆效果最好。包覆后样品撞击感度特性落高比超细RD X(25.2 cm)提高了9.48 cm。展开更多
为降低六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(CL-20)的感度,通过溶剂-非溶剂法制备了CL-20和1,1′-二羟基-5,5′-联四唑二羟胺盐(TKX-50)共晶炸药;通过Materials Studio 5.0软件分析了CL-20和TKX-50分子的表面静电势,并预测了共晶分子间可能的非共价键...为降低六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(CL-20)的感度,通过溶剂-非溶剂法制备了CL-20和1,1′-二羟基-5,5′-联四唑二羟胺盐(TKX-50)共晶炸药;通过Materials Studio 5.0软件分析了CL-20和TKX-50分子的表面静电势,并预测了共晶分子间可能的非共价键作用;采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、红外(IR)和拉曼光谱(Raman)对其形貌和结构进行了表征;采用DSC测试了其热性能,并测试了其撞击感度,预测了其爆轰性能。结果表明,制备的CL-20/TKX-50共晶呈扁平的片状形貌;XRD、IR和Raman谱图中出现峰的生成、消失、偏移和强度的改变,证明有新的晶格结构形成;升温速率8℃/min下,CL-20/TKX-50共晶的主要热分解峰温为222.8℃,与CL-20、TKX-50的热分解峰温240.3、234.9℃相比,分别提前了17.5℃和12.1℃,明显区别于具有两个放热过程的CL-20/TKX-50混合物的热分解行为;CL-20/TKX-50共晶炸药的感度显著低于原料CL-20,同时也优于β-HMX,说明其具有良好的安全性能;CL-20/TKX-50共晶的预测爆速和爆压分别为9264m/s和43.8GPa,较CL-20均略微下降,但和β-HMX相比,爆轰性能明显提高。表面静电势能和建模分析均表明,CL-20中—NO2的O与TKX-50中—NH+3的H之间易于形成氢键。展开更多
设计了一种新型高能量密度化合物2,6-双(二硝基亚甲基)-1,3,4,5,7,8-六硝基十二氢二咪唑[4,5-b:4',5'-e]吡嗪(DNNIP)。首先在B3PW91/6-31G++(d,p)水平下对目标分子进行优化,通过键长和键级的比较分析,判断母环的五元环侧链处N—...设计了一种新型高能量密度化合物2,6-双(二硝基亚甲基)-1,3,4,5,7,8-六硝基十二氢二咪唑[4,5-b:4',5'-e]吡嗪(DNNIP)。首先在B3PW91/6-31G++(d,p)水平下对目标分子进行优化,通过键长和键级的比较分析,判断母环的五元环侧链处N—NO2键为分解引发键,其键解离能是96.40 k J/mol;然后,基于静电势改进的蒙特卡洛法推测出该化合物的理论密度为2.07 g/cm3,采用等键反应计算出生成热为1 907.33 k J/mol,并进一步计算出DNNIP的爆速为10.35 km/s,爆压为51.47 GPa,爆轰性能明显优于现有常见含能材料。DNNIP的撞击感度为12 cm,与CL-20接近;能级差为0.158 78 a.u.(4.32 e V),光热稳定性较高,并且通过态密度分析认为硝基是分子中相对敏感位置。展开更多
文摘Nitrogen-rich heterocyclic energetic compounds(NRHECs)and their salts have witnessed widespread synthesis in recent years.The substantial energy-density content within these compounds can lead to potentially dangerous explosive reactions when subjected to external stimuli such as electrical discharge.Therefore,developing a reliable model for predicting their electrostatic discharge sensitivity(ESD)becomes imperative.This study proposes a novel and straightforward model based on the presence of specific groups(-NH_(2) or-NH-,-N=N^(+)-O^(-)and-NNO_(2),-ONO_(2) or-NO_(2))under certain conditions to assess the ESD of NRHECs and their salts,employing interpretable structural parameters.Utilizing a comprehensive dataset comprising 54 ESD measurements of NRHECs and their salts,divided into 49/5 training/test sets,the model achieves promising results.The Root Mean Square Error(RMSE),Mean Absolute Error(MAE),and Maximum Error for the training set are reported as 0.16 J,0.12 J,and 0.5 J,respectively.Notably,the ratios RMSE(training)/RMSE(test),MAE(training)/MAE(test),and Max Error(training)/Max Error(test)are all greater than 1.0,indicating the robust predictive capabilities of the model.The presented model demonstrates its efficacy in providing a reliable assessment of ESD for the targeted NRHECs and their salts,without the need for intricate computer codes or expert involvement.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSAF: 10776002)the project of State Key Laboratory of Science and Technology (No. QNKT11-06, YBKY10-03)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-09-0051)
文摘Two novel energetic coordination compounds Zn2（DAT）5（H2O）3（TNR）2 and Co2（DAT）5（H2O）3（TNR）2 were synthesized and their structures were characterized by elemental analysis and FT-IR spectroscopy.The crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.The results reveal that the compounds have similar molecular structures and the crystals belong to the triclinic system,space group P with a = 11.491（3）,b = 13.564（3）,c = 15.496（3） ,V = 2180.4（8） 3,C17H28 Zn2N36O19,Mr = 1203.02 g·mol-1,Dc = 1.832 g·cm-3,μ（MoKα） = 1.221 mm-1,F（000） = 1223,Z = 2,R = 0.0596 and wR = 0.1514 for 11289 observed reflections（I 〉 2σ（I）） for Zn2（DAT）5（H2O）3（TNR）2 and a = 11.5291（13）,b = 13.4894（15）,c = 15.4852（17） ,V = 2164.8（4） 3,C17H28Co2N36O19,Mr = 1190.14 g·mol-1,Dc = 1.826 g·cm-3,μ（MoKα） = 0.888 mm-1,F（000） = 1211,Z = 2,R = 0.0576 and wR = 0.1431 for 11218 observed reflections（I 〉 2σ（I）） for Co2（DAT）5（H2O）3（TNR）2,respectively.The thermal decomposition characteristics of the com-pounds were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetry-diffediffer-rential thermal gravimetry.The results of thermal decomposition processes were similar for the two compounds.Both undergo four-step decomposition after the loss of coordinated H2O molecules.The final solid residues for the two DAT complexes were the corresponding metal oxides.The kinetic parameter of the first exothermic process of the compounds was studied by applying the Kissinger and Ozawa-Doyle methods.The thermodynamic parameters of the activation could be calculated.Sensitivity tests revealed that Co2（DAT）5（H2O）3（TNR）2 was more sensitive than Zn2（DAT）5（H2O）3（TNR）2.
文摘采用超临界流体R ESS法对超细黑索今(RD X)进行了包覆,研究了不同系统温度、溶液浓度、系统压力对包覆后超细RD X造型粉效果的影响,并对其进行撞击感度测试。结果表明,系统温度45℃以上,造型粉颗粒之间氟橡胶粘结在一起,分散性较差;氟橡胶浓度0.4 g/m L以上,其造型粉颗粒尺寸增大;系统压力降低到12 M P a以下,颗粒表面未完全被氟橡胶包覆,且分散性也较差。当系统温度40℃、氟橡胶浓度0.3 g/m L、系统压力14 M P a、通气时间20 m in条件下,包覆效果最好。包覆后样品撞击感度特性落高比超细RD X(25.2 cm)提高了9.48 cm。
文摘为降低六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(CL-20)的感度,通过溶剂-非溶剂法制备了CL-20和1,1′-二羟基-5,5′-联四唑二羟胺盐(TKX-50)共晶炸药;通过Materials Studio 5.0软件分析了CL-20和TKX-50分子的表面静电势,并预测了共晶分子间可能的非共价键作用;采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、红外(IR)和拉曼光谱(Raman)对其形貌和结构进行了表征;采用DSC测试了其热性能,并测试了其撞击感度,预测了其爆轰性能。结果表明,制备的CL-20/TKX-50共晶呈扁平的片状形貌;XRD、IR和Raman谱图中出现峰的生成、消失、偏移和强度的改变,证明有新的晶格结构形成;升温速率8℃/min下,CL-20/TKX-50共晶的主要热分解峰温为222.8℃,与CL-20、TKX-50的热分解峰温240.3、234.9℃相比,分别提前了17.5℃和12.1℃,明显区别于具有两个放热过程的CL-20/TKX-50混合物的热分解行为;CL-20/TKX-50共晶炸药的感度显著低于原料CL-20,同时也优于β-HMX,说明其具有良好的安全性能;CL-20/TKX-50共晶的预测爆速和爆压分别为9264m/s和43.8GPa,较CL-20均略微下降,但和β-HMX相比,爆轰性能明显提高。表面静电势能和建模分析均表明,CL-20中—NO2的O与TKX-50中—NH+3的H之间易于形成氢键。
文摘设计了一种新型高能量密度化合物2,6-双(二硝基亚甲基)-1,3,4,5,7,8-六硝基十二氢二咪唑[4,5-b:4',5'-e]吡嗪(DNNIP)。首先在B3PW91/6-31G++(d,p)水平下对目标分子进行优化,通过键长和键级的比较分析,判断母环的五元环侧链处N—NO2键为分解引发键,其键解离能是96.40 k J/mol;然后,基于静电势改进的蒙特卡洛法推测出该化合物的理论密度为2.07 g/cm3,采用等键反应计算出生成热为1 907.33 k J/mol,并进一步计算出DNNIP的爆速为10.35 km/s,爆压为51.47 GPa,爆轰性能明显优于现有常见含能材料。DNNIP的撞击感度为12 cm,与CL-20接近;能级差为0.158 78 a.u.(4.32 e V),光热稳定性较高,并且通过态密度分析认为硝基是分子中相对敏感位置。
