The recent research progress of structure- and size-controlled micro/nano-energetic materials is reviewed, which properties are fundamentally different from those of their corresponding bulk materials. The development...The recent research progress of structure- and size-controlled micro/nano-energetic materials is reviewed, which properties are fundamentally different from those of their corresponding bulk materials. The development of the construction strategies for achieving zero-dimensional (0D), one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D), and three-dimensional (3D) micro/nanostructures from energetic molecules is introduced. Also, an overview of the unique properties induced by micro/nanostructures and size effects is provided. Special emphasis is focused on the size-dependent properties that are different from those of the conventional micro-sized energetic materials, such as thermal decomposition, sensitivity, combustion and detonation, and compaction behaviors. A conclusion and our view of the future development of micro/nano-energetic materials and devices are given.展开更多
纳米多孔硅由于其海绵状的孔隙结构,氧化剂很难充分填充,导致多孔硅复合含能材料多为富燃料体系;同时其孔隙率难以调节,无法精确控制氧燃比。针对以上问题,以紧密排列的单层聚苯乙烯微球为模板,通过反应性离子刻蚀(Reaction Ion Etching...纳米多孔硅由于其海绵状的孔隙结构,氧化剂很难充分填充,导致多孔硅复合含能材料多为富燃料体系;同时其孔隙率难以调节,无法精确控制氧燃比。针对以上问题,以紧密排列的单层聚苯乙烯微球为模板,通过反应性离子刻蚀(Reaction Ion Etching,RIE)技术结合金属辅助化学刻蚀(Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching,MACE)制备得到了形貌结构可控的多孔硅纳米线,通过控制RIE时间能够精准调节多孔硅复合体系的氧燃比,同时二维线状结构非常有利于氧化剂的高效填充。结果表明,在RIE时间为80s,即硅纳米线直径为150nm左右时,复合含能体系达到最佳化学计量反应平衡,能量输出最佳。同时,选用不同电阻率的硅片制备得到不同结构形貌的硅纳米线,电阻率越低,纳米复合含能体系中的硅纳米线结构越疏松多孔,不仅能够有效缩短传质传热距离,降低反应活化能,有利于增强反应放热;而且能提升燃烧性能,有利于点火,为硅基含能材料的发展提供了新的思路。展开更多
基金Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China (21231002,21276026,21271023,21173021,91022006,11202193,11172276,and 11072225)the 111 Project ( B07012)+1 种基金the Program of Cooperation of the Beijing Education Commission ( 20091739006)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education ( 20101101110031)
文摘The recent research progress of structure- and size-controlled micro/nano-energetic materials is reviewed, which properties are fundamentally different from those of their corresponding bulk materials. The development of the construction strategies for achieving zero-dimensional (0D), one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D), and three-dimensional (3D) micro/nanostructures from energetic molecules is introduced. Also, an overview of the unique properties induced by micro/nanostructures and size effects is provided. Special emphasis is focused on the size-dependent properties that are different from those of the conventional micro-sized energetic materials, such as thermal decomposition, sensitivity, combustion and detonation, and compaction behaviors. A conclusion and our view of the future development of micro/nano-energetic materials and devices are given.
文摘纳米多孔硅由于其海绵状的孔隙结构,氧化剂很难充分填充,导致多孔硅复合含能材料多为富燃料体系;同时其孔隙率难以调节,无法精确控制氧燃比。针对以上问题,以紧密排列的单层聚苯乙烯微球为模板,通过反应性离子刻蚀(Reaction Ion Etching,RIE)技术结合金属辅助化学刻蚀(Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching,MACE)制备得到了形貌结构可控的多孔硅纳米线,通过控制RIE时间能够精准调节多孔硅复合体系的氧燃比,同时二维线状结构非常有利于氧化剂的高效填充。结果表明,在RIE时间为80s,即硅纳米线直径为150nm左右时,复合含能体系达到最佳化学计量反应平衡,能量输出最佳。同时,选用不同电阻率的硅片制备得到不同结构形貌的硅纳米线,电阻率越低,纳米复合含能体系中的硅纳米线结构越疏松多孔,不仅能够有效缩短传质传热距离,降低反应活化能,有利于增强反应放热;而且能提升燃烧性能,有利于点火,为硅基含能材料的发展提供了新的思路。
