Moderate Fields, Maximum Potential: Achieving High Records with Temperature‑Stable Energy Storage in Lead‑Free BNT‑Based Ceramics

The increasing awareness of environmental concerns has prompted a surge in the exploration of leadfree,high-power ceramic capacitors.Ongoing efforts to develop leadfree dielectric ceramics with exceptional energystorage performance(ESP)have predominantly relied on multicomponent composite strategies,often accomplished under ultrahigh electric fields.However,this approach poses challenges in insulation and system downsizing due to the necessary working voltage under such conditions.Despite extensive study,bulk ceramics of(Bi_(0.5)Na_(0.5))TiO_(3)(BNT),a prominent lead-free dielectric ceramic family,have seldom achieved a recoverable energy-storage(ES)density(Wrec)exceeding 7 J cm^(−3).This study introduces a novel approach to attain ceramic capacitors with high ESP under moderate electric fields by regulating permittivity based on a linear dielectric model,enhancing insulation quality,and engineering domain structures through chemical formula optimization.The incorporation of SrTiO_(3)(ST)into the BNT matrix is revealed to reduce the dielectric constant,while the addition of Bi(Mg_(2/3)Nb_(1/3))O_(3)(BMN)aids in maintaining polarization.Additionally,the study elucidates the methodology to achieve high ESP at moderate electric fields ranging from 300 to 500 kV cm^(−1).In our optimized composition,0.5(Bi_(0.5)Na_(0.4)K_(0.1))TiO_(3)–0.5(2/3ST-1/3BMN)(B-0.5SB)ceramics,we achieved a Wrec of 7.19 J cm^(−3) with an efficiency of 93.8%at 460 kV cm^(−1).Impressively,the B-0.5SB ceramics exhibit remarkable thermal stability between 30 and 140℃ under 365 kV cm^(−1),maintaining a Wrec exceeding 5 J cm^(−3).This study not only establishes the B-0.5SB ceramics as promising candidates for ES materials but also demonstrates the feasibility of optimizing ESP by modifying the dielectric constant under specific electric field conditions.Simultaneously,it provides valuable insights for the future design of ceramic capacitors with high ESP under constraints of limited electric field.

A novel efficient energy absorber with free inversion of a metal foam-filled circular tube

In this paper, a novel efficient energy absorber with free inversion of a metal foam-filled circular tube(MFFCT) is designed, and the axial compressive behavior of the MFFCT under free inversion is studied analytically and numerically. The theoretical analysis reveals that the energy is mainly dissipated through the radial bending of the metal circular tube, the circumferential expansion of the metal circular tube, and the metal filled-foam compression. The principle of energy conservation is used to derive the theoretical formula for the minimum compressive force of the MFFCT over free inversion under axial loading. Furthermore, the free inversion deformation characteristics of the MFFCT are analyzed numerically. The theoretical steady values are found to be in good agreement with the results of the finite element(FE) analysis. The effects of the average diameter of the metal tube, the wall thickness of the metal tube, and the filled-foam strength on the free inversion deformation of the MFFCT are considered. It is observed that in the steady deformation stage, the load-carrying and energy-absorbing capacities of the MFFCT increase with the increase in the average diameter of the metal tube, the wall thickness of the metal tube, or the filled-foam strength. The specific energy absorption(SEA) of free inversion of the MFFCT is significantly higher than that of the metal tube alone.

Measurement and Strategy Research on the Green Development Level for the New Energy Vehicle Industry in Chongqing City

This article takes 2016-2022 as the inspection period to construct an evaluation index system for the green development level of the new energy vehicle industry.The entropy method and comprehensive index are used to measure the green development level of the new energy vehicle industry in Chongqing,and compared with neighboring provinces such as Yunnan,Guizhou,and Sichuan.Policy recommendations are proposed to promote the development of the new energy vehicle industry in Chongqing City.

Study on creep deformation and energy development of underground surrounding rock under four‐dimensional support

There is an urgent need to develop optimal solutions for deformation control of deep high‐stress roadways,one of the critical problems in underground engineering.The previously proposed four‐dimensional support(hereinafter 4D support),as a new support technology,can set the roadway surrounding rock under three‐dimensional pressure in the new balanced structure,and prevent instability of surrounding rock in underground engineering.However,the influence of roadway depth and creep deformation on the surrounding rock supported by 4D support is still unknown.This study investigated the influence of roadway depth and creep deformation time on the instability of surrounding rock by analyzing the energy development.The elastic strain energy was analyzed using the program redeveloped in FLAC3D.The numerical simulation results indicate that the combined support mode of 4D roof supports and conventional side supports is highly applicable to the stability control of surrounding rock with a roadway depth exceeding 520 m.With the increase of roadway depth,4D support can effectively restrain the area and depth of plastic deformation in the surrounding rock.Further,4D support limits the accumulation range and rate of elastic strain energy as the creep deformation time increases.4D support can effectively reduce the plastic deformation of roadway surrounding rock and maintain the stability for a long deformation period of 6 months.As confirmed by in situ monitoring results,4D support is more effective for the long‐term stability control of surrounding rock than conventional support.

Analysis of Current Research and Future Development Trends of Applying Solar Energy in Street Lighting

In the context of promoting green energy transition and addressing climate change globally,solar energy,as a clean and renewable energy source,has gradually become a hot topic for research.Solar streetlight systems realize energy self-sufficiency and environment-friendly lighting by integrating photovoltaic power generation technology and efficient LED lighting technology.By comprehensively analyzing the current status of the application of solar streetlights at home and abroad,this paper discusses its technical advantages,market penetration,and challenges in its development.In terms of technical characteristics,this paper focuses on analyzing the key technologies such as energy conversion efficiency and intelligent control systems of solar streetlights.

Large Energy Capacitive High-Entropy Lead-Free Ferroelectrics

Advanced lead-free energy storage ceramics play an indispensable role in next-generation pulse power capacitors market.Here,an ultrahigh energy storage density of~13.8 J cm^(-3)and a large efficiency of~82.4%are achieved in high-entropy lead-free relaxor ferroelectrics by increasing configuration entropy,named high-entropy strategy,realizing nearly ten times growth of energy storage density compared with low-entropy material.Evolution of energy storage performance and domain structure with increasing configuration entropy is systematically revealed for the first time.The achievement of excellent energy storage properties should be attributed to the enhanced random field,decreased nanodomain size,strong multiple local distortions,and improved breakdown field.Furthermore,the excellent frequency and fatigue stability as well as charge/discharge properties with superior thermal stability are also realized.The significantly enhanced comprehensive energy storage performance by increasing configuration entropy demonstrates that high entropy is an effective but convenient strategy to design new high-performance dielectrics,promoting the development of advanced capacitors.

Roles of Bioenergy and Green Hydrogen in Large Scale Energy Storage for Carbon Neutrality

1.Roles of biomass and bioenergy in solar energy storage Biomass comprises plant-based material,for example,wood,microalgae,energy crops,and agro-forestry residues,as well as organic waste from industries,farms,and households,and plays a key role in solar energy capture and storage.

Waste-Derived Catalysts for Water Electrolysis:Circular Economy-Driven Sustainable Green Hydrogen Energy

The sustainable production of green hydrogen via water electrolysis necessitates cost-effective electrocatalysts.By following the circular economy principle,the utilization of waste-derived catalysts significantly promotes the sustainable development of green hydrogen energy.Currently,diverse waste-derived catalysts have exhibited excellent catalytic performance toward hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),oxygen evolution reaction(OER),and overall water electrolysis(OWE).Herein,we systematically examine recent achievements in waste-derived electrocatalysts for water electrolysis.The general principles of water electrolysis and design principles of efficient electrocatalysts are discussed,followed by the illustration of current strategies for transforming wastes into electrocatalysts.Then,applications of waste-derived catalysts(i.e.,carbon-based catalysts,transitional metal-based catalysts,and carbon-based heterostructure catalysts)in HER,OER,and OWE are reviewed successively.An emphasis is put on correlating the catalysts’structure-performance relationship.Also,challenges and research directions in this booming field are finally highlighted.This review would provide useful insights into the design,synthesis,and applications of waste-derived electrocatalysts,and thus accelerate the development of the circular economy-driven green hydrogen energy scheme.

2024 Adult Compendium of Physical Activities:A third update of the energy costs of human activities

Background:The Compendium of Physical Activities was published in 1993 to improve the comparability of energy expenditure values assigned to self-reported physical activity(PA)across studies.The original version was updated in 2000,and again in 2011,and has been widely used to support PA research,practice,and public health guidelines.Methods:This 2024 update was tailored for adults 19-59 years of age by removing data from those≥60 years.Using a systematic review and supplementary searches,we identified new activities and their associated measured metabolic equivalent(MET)values(using indirect calorimetry)published since 2011.We replaced estimated METs with measured values when possible.Results:We screened 32,173 abstracts and 1507 full-text papers and extracted 2356 PA energy expenditure values from 701 papers.We added303 new PAs and adjusted 176 existing MET values and descriptions to reflect the addition of new data and removal of METs for older adults.We added a Major Heading(Video Games).The 2024 Adult Compendium includes 1114 PAs(912 with measured and 202 with estimated values)across 22 Major Headings.Conclusion:This comprehensive update and refinement led to the creation of The 2024 Adult Compendium,which has utility across research,public health,education,and healthcare domains,as well as in the development of consumer health technologies.The new website with the complete lists of PAs and supporting resources is available at https://pacompendium.com.

Older Adult Compendium of Physical Activities:Energy costs of human activities in adults aged 60 and older

Purpose:To describe the development of a Compendium for estimating the energy costs of activities in adults>60 years(OA Compendium).Methods:Physical activities(PAs)and their metabolic equivalent of task(MET)values were obtained from a systematic search of studies published in 4 sport and exercise databases(PubMed,Embase,SPORTDiscus(EBSCOhost),and Scopus)and a review of articles included in the 2011 Adult Compendium that measured PA in older adults.MET values were computed as the oxygen cost(VO_(2),mL/kg/min)during PA divided by 2.7 m L/kg/min(MET_(60+))to account for the lower resting metabolic rate in older adults.Results:We identified 68 articles and extracted energy expenditure data on 427 PAs.From these,we derived 99 unique Specific Activity codes with corresponding MET_(60+)values for older adults.We developed a website to present the OA Compendium MET_(60+)values:https://pacompendium.com.Conclusion:The OA Compendium uses data collected from adults>60 years for more accurate estimation of the energy cost of PAs in older adults.It is an accessible resource that will allow researchers,educators,and practitioners to find MET_(60+)values for older adults for use in PA research and practice.

Global energy transition revolution and the connotation and pathway of the green and intelligent energy system

The essence of energy system transition is the"energy revolution':The development of the"resource-dominated"energy system with fossil energy as the mainstay has promoted human progress,but it has also triggered energy crisis and ecological environment crisis,which is not compatible with the new demands of the new round of scientific and technological revolution,industrial transformation,and sustainable human development.It is in urgent need to research and develop a new-type energy system in the context of carbon neutrality.In the framework of"technique-dominated"new green and intelligent energy system with"three new"of new energy,new power and new energy storage as the mainstay,the"super energy basin"concepts with the Ordos Basin,Nw China as a representative will reshape the concept and model of future energy exploration and development.In view of the"six inequalities"in global energy and the resource conditions of"abundant coal,insufficient oil and gas and infinite new energy"in China,it is suggested to deeply boost"China energy revolution',sticking to the six principles of independent energy production,green energy supply,secure energy reserve,efficient energy consumption,intelligent energy management,economical energy cost;enhance"energy scientific and technological innovation"by implementing technique-dominated"four major science and technology innovation projects',namely,clean coal project,oil production stabilization and gas production increasing project,new energy acceleration project,and green-intelligent energy project;implement"energy transition"by accelerating the green-dominated"four-modernization development',namely,fossil energy cleaning,large-scale new energy,coordinated centralized energy distribution,intelligent multi-energy management,so as to promote the exchange of two 80%s"in China's energy structure and construct the new green and intelligent energy system.

Oxygen functionalization-assisted anionic exchange toward unique construction of flower-like transition metal chalcogenide embedded carbon fabric for ultra-long life flexible energy storage and conversion

The metal-organic framework(MOF)derived Ni–Co–C–N composite alloys(NiCCZ)were“embedded”inside the carbon cloth(CC)strands as opposed to the popular idea of growing them upward to realize ultrastable energy storage and conversion application.The NiCCZ was then oxygen functionalized,facilitating the next step of stoichiometric sulfur anion diffusion during hydrothermal sulfurization,generating a flower-like metal hydroxysulfide structure(NiCCZOS)with strong partial implantation inside CC.Thus obtained NiCCZOS shows an excellent capacity when tested as a supercapacitor electrode in a three-electrode configuration.Moreover,when paired with the biomass-derived nitrogen-rich activated carbon,the asymmetric supercapacitor device shows almost 100%capacity retention even after 45,000 charge–discharge cycles with remarkable energy density(59.4 Wh kg^(-1)/263.8μWh cm^(–2))owing to a uniquely designed cathode.Furthermore,the same electrode performed as an excellent bifunctional water-splitting electrocatalyst with an overpotential of 271 mV for oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and 168.4 mV for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)at 10 mA cm−2 current density along with 30 h of unhinged chronopotentiometric stability performance for both HER and OER.Hence,a unique metal chalcogenide composite electrode/substrate configuration has been proposed as a highly stable electrode material for flexible energy storage and conversion applications.

A nonlinear creep model for surrounding rocks of tunnels based on kinetic energy theorem

The initiating condition for the accelerated creep of rocks has caused difficulty in analyzing the whole creep process.Moreover,the existing Nishihara model has evident shortcomings in describing the accelerated creep characteristics of the viscoplastic stage from the perspective of internal energy to analyze the mechanism of rock creep failure and determine the threshold of accelerated creep initiation.Based on the kinetic energy theorem,Perzyna viscoplastic theory,and the Nishihara model,a unified creep constitutive model that can describe the whole process of decaying creep,stable creep,and accelerated creep is established.Results reveal that the energy consumption and creep damage in the process of creep loading mainly come from the internal energy changes of geotechnical materials.The established creep model can not only describe the viscoelasticeplastic creep characteristics of rock,but also reflect the relationship between rock energy and creep deformation change.In addition,the research results provide a new method for determining the critical point of creep deformation and a new idea for studying the creep model and creep mechanical properties.

A Solar Energy System Design for Green Hydrogen Production in South-Western Nigeria, Lagos State, Using HOMER & ASPEN

Solar system design for green hydrogen production has become the most prominent renewable energy research area, and this has also actively fueled the desire to achieve net-zero emissions. Hydrogen is a promising energy carrier because it possesses more energy capacity than fossil fuels and the abundant nature of renewable energy systems can be utilized for green hydrogen production. However, the design of an optimized electrical energy system required for hydrogen production is crucial. Solar energy is indeed beneficial for green hydrogen production and this research designed, discussed, and provided high-level research on HOMER design for green hydrogen production and deployed the energy requirement with ASPEN Plus to optimize the energy system, while also incorporating fuzzy logic and PID control approaches. In addition, a promising technology with a high potential for renewable hydrogen energy is the proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer. Since its cathode (hydrogen electrode) may be operated over a wide range of pressure, a control process must be added to the system in order for it to work dynamically efficiently. This system can be characterized as an analogous circuit that consists of a resistor, capacitor, and reversible voltage. As a result, this research work also explores the Fuzzy-PID control of the PEM electrolysis system. Both the PID and Fuzzy Logic control systems were simulated using the control simulation program Matlab R2018a, which makes use of Matlab script files and the Simulink environment. Based on the circuit diagram, a transfer function that represents the mathematical model of the plant was created, and the PEM electrolysis control system is determined to be highly significant and applicable to the two control systems. The PI controller, however, has a 30.8% overshoot deficit, but when the fuzzy control system is compared to the PID controller, it is found that the fuzzy control system achieves stability more quickly, demonstrating its benefit over PID.

Caching modeling and energy analyzing of cell-free wireless heterogeneous networks with beta Ginibre point process

Cell-free Wireless Heterogeneous Networks(HetNets)have emerged as a technological alternative for conventional cellular networks.In this paper,we study the spatially correlative caching strategy,the energy analysis,and the impact of parameter β on the total energy cost of the cell-free wireless HetNets with Access Points distributed by Beta Ginibre Point Process(β-GPP).We derive the approximate expression of Successful Delivery Probability(SDP)based on the Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio coverage model.From both analytical and simulation results,it is shown that the proposed caching model based on β-GPP placement,which jointly takes into account path loss,fading,and interference,can closely simulate the caching performance of the cell-free HetNets in terms of SDP.By guaranteeing the outage probability constraints,the analytical expression of the uplink energy cost is also derived.Another conclusion is that with AP locations modeled by β-GPP,the power consumption is not sensitive to β,but is sensitive to the dimension of the kernel function;hence β is less restrictive,and only the truncation of the Ginibre kernel has to be appropriately modified.These findings are new compared with the existing literature where the nodes are commonly assumed to be of Poisson Point Process,Matern Hard-Core Process,or Poisson Cluster Process deployment in cell-free systems.

A Novel Energy and Communication Aware Scheduling on Green Cloud Computing

The rapid growth of service-oriented and cloud computing has created large-scale data centres worldwide.Modern data centres’operating costs mostly come from back-end cloud infrastructure and energy consumption.In cloud computing,extensive communication resources are required.Moreover,cloud applications require more bandwidth to transfer large amounts of data to satisfy end-user requirements.It is also essential that no communication source can cause congestion or bag loss owing to unnecessary switching buffers.This paper proposes a novel Energy and Communication(EC)aware scheduling(EC-scheduler)algorithm for green cloud computing,which optimizes data centre energy consumption and traffic load.The primary goal of the proposed EC-scheduler is to assign user applications to cloud data centre resources with minimal utilization of data centres.We first introduce a Multi-Objective Leader Salp Swarm(MLSS)algorithm for task sorting,which ensures traffic load balancing,and then an Emotional Artificial Neural Network(EANN)for efficient resource allocation.EC-scheduler schedules cloud user requirements to the cloud server by optimizing both energy and communication delay,which supports the lower emission of carbon dioxide by the cloud server system,enabling a green,unalloyed environment.We tested the proposed plan and existing cloud scheduling methods using the GreenCloud simulator to analyze the efficiency of optimizing data centre energy and other scheduler metrics.The EC-scheduler parameters Power Usage Effectiveness(PUE),Data Centre Energy Productivity(DCEP),Throughput,Average Execution Time(AET),Energy Consumption,and Makespan showed up to 26.738%,37.59%,50%,4.34%,34.2%,and 33.54%higher efficiency,respectively,than existing state of the art schedulers concerning number of user applications and number of user requests.

Green Fabrication of Freestanding Piezoceramic Films for Energy Harvesting and Virus Detection

Most electronics such as sensors,actuators and energy harvesters need piezoceramic films to interconvert mechanical and electrical energy.Transferring the ceramic films from their growth substrates for assembling electronic devices commonly requires chemical or physical etching,which comes at the sacrifice of the substrate materials,film cracks,and environmental contamination.Here,we introduce a van der Waals stripping method to fabricate large-area and freestanding piezoceramic thin films in a simple,green,and cost-effective manner.The introduction of the quasi van der Waals epitaxial platinum layer enables the capillary force of water to drive the separation process of the film and substrate interface.The fabricated lead-free film,Ba_(0.85)Ca_(0.15)Zr_(0.1)Ti_(0.9)O_(3)(BCZT),shows a high piezoelectric coefficient d_(33)=209±10 pm V−1 and outstanding flexibility of maximum strain 2%.The freestanding feature enables a wide application scenario,including micro energy harvesting,and covid-19 spike protein detection.We further conduct a life cycle analysis and quantify the low energy consumption and low pollution of the water-based stripping film method.

Green and sustainably designed intercalation-type anodes for emerging lithium dual-ion batteries with high energy density

Lithium dual-ion batteries(LiDIBs)have attracted significant attention owing to the growing demand for modern anode materials with high energy density.Herein,rust encapsulated in graphite was achieved by utilizing ammonium bicarbonate(ABC)as a template,which resulted in mesoporous Fe3O4embedded in expanded carbon(Fe3O4@G(ABC))via simple ball milling followed by annealing.This self-assembly approach for graphite-encapsulated Fe3O4composites helps enhance the electrochemical performance,such as the cycling stability and superior rate stability(at 3 A/g),with improved conductivity in Li DIBs.Specifically,Fe3O4@G-1:4(ABC)and Fe3O4@G-1:6(ABC)anodes in a half-cell at 0.1 A/g delivered initial capacities of 1390.6 and 824.4 mA h g^(-1),respectively.The optimized anode(Fe3O4@G-1:4(ABC))coupled with the expanded graphite(EG)cathode in Li DIBs provided a substantial initial specific capacity of 260.9 mA h g^(-1)at 1 A/g and a specific capacity regain of 106.3 mA h g^(-1)(at 0.1 A/g)after 250 cycles,with a very high energy density of 387.9 Wh kg^(-1).The strategically designed Fe3O4@G accelerated Li-ion kinetics,alleviated the volume change,and provided an efficient conductive network with excellent mechanical flexibility,resulting in exceptional performance in Li DIBs.Various postmortem analyses of the anode and cathode(XRD,Raman,EDS,and XPS)are presented to explain the intercalation-type electrochemical mechanisms of Li DIBs.This study offers several advantages,including safety,low cost,sustainability,environmental friendliness,and high energy density.

Imperatives of Green Energy Strategy in Azerbaijan

The establishment of a green energy network in Azerbaijan is one of the priorities of the state.According to estimates,the total potential of the country’s green energy is estimated at 27 thousand MW.This further expands the great potential of wind energy in the Azerbaijani sector of the Caspian Sea.On the other hand,the availability of sufficient green energy resources in the liberated lands necessitates the creation of an energy system on this basis.In this regard,President Ilham Aliyev declared the Karabakh and East zangazur economic regions a green energy zone.At present,large-scale projects in this direction are being implemented in the country.Based on all this,the article focuses on global trends in the green energy sector in the context of the imperatives of the green energy strategy in Azerbaijan,priority issues such as green economy,green development,as well as realities reflecting the current situation in this area in Azerbaijan.In this regard,substantial results were obtained and proposals were put forward in the context of the imperatives of the green energy strategy in Azerbaijan.

Application Research and Case Analysis of Green Technology in Building Engineering under the Direction of Energy Conservation Demands

With the rapid development of the economy,the scale of construction projects in China is gradually expanding.In terms of construction technology,continuous innovation is being made to meet the needs of sustainable development strategies,and green energy conservation technologies have emerged.It has a brand new design concept,and advocates for maximum energy conservation and environmental protection,fundamentally promoting the rational use of resources and space,and preventing the expansion of air and land pollution.First of all,a brief explanation is given on the current development status of green energy conservation technology in this paper.Secondly,through the introduction and analysis of energy conservation technologies and related building cases,the in-depth research on energy conservation measures of buildings is conducted.Finally,the prospects of green energy conservation technologies are proposed based on the current development status in China.This paper has certain reference value for its related engineering and theoretical research.