On the connotation, challenge and significance of China’s “energy independence” strategy

The world’s energy is in the "third major transformation period" from fossil energy to new energy, and all countries in the world have formulated energy development strategies. Through advanced deployment, the United States is about to achieve "energy independence" relying on "unconventional oil and gas revolution". China’s energy development is faced with four challenges:(1) The population base and economic development scale determine the "totally huge amount" of energy consumption;(2) the "coal rich but oil and gas insufficient" resource structure determines the "unclean" energy consuming structure;(3) the increasing dependence on imported oil and gas determines the "unsafe" energy supply;and(4) the unconventional oil and gas endowment makes it impossible to achieve energy independence by copying the American model. From the perspective of the world energy trend and the unique situation of China’s energy, we put forward a "three-step" strategy for China to achieve "energy independence": From 2020 to 2035, "energy supply security" will be addressed by "cleaning coal, stabilizing oil and gas production and vigorously developing new alternative energy";from 2035 to 2050, the vision of "production independence" will be realized by relying on "domestic production and overseas oil and gas mining rights";from 2050 to 2100, "intelligent energy and new energy" will help China realize "energy independence". The two important signs of China’s "energy independence" are that domestic production accounts for more than 90% of the domestic consumption and clean energy production accounts for more than 70%, and energy security realizes "independence and self-control" and "long-term security". The strategic significance of "energy independence" is to ensure national energy security, drive the development of relevant major industries, achieve energy management reform, and implement the environmental protection goal of zero carbon emissions. The "energy independence" of China is a strategic mission, it might be fulfilled in the future with the growth of the state’s power, even when the domestic energy production does not catch up with the domestic consumption. Perhaps the world’s new technological revolution will exceed expectations, and China’s "energy independence" dream will eventually come true.

America's Journey to Energy Independence and Its Revelation on China's Energy Supply Security

Ever since 2005, the US' shale oil and gas production growth and effective adjustment of domestic energy consumption mix have made it possible for the country to be less dependent upon imported energy and gain energy independence. What should we learn from it to guarantee energy supply security? This paper tried to answer the question.

The Long Road to Energy Independence

面对越来越严峻的能源问题,各国都在积极寻找能减少石油消耗的方法,使用各种燃料来替代汽油就是途径之一,但这种方法实际吗?有专家从各方面提出了质疑。目前从谷物中提取乙醇作燃料的方法会对农产品价格产生压力,运输乙醇需要专门的车辆而不是传统的石油管道,即使是乙醇燃料自身也还存在问题。我们离新型能源究竟还有多远?

Extending the Use of Hothouses through Heating with Residual Agricultural Biomass

The paper presents a study on increasing energy independence of a 200 m2 horticultural hothouse, by means of heating it with thermal energy from a TLUD （top-lit-up-draft） gasification procedure of local residual agricultural biomass, chopped at 10-50 mm and dried at 10%-15% RH （relative humidity）. It produces an average of 14% higt quality biochar. Hot-air heating system and forced circulation are equipped with two GAZMER 40/150G energetic modules, which are rechargeable, simple, safe, efficient and environmentally friendly. They can gasify chopped or pelletised biomass. To study the microclimate evolution, it was used a complex numerical model for a 200 m2 hothouse for growing vegetables. Simulated experiments were carried out for frosty days and, estimated, for the whole warming period. Each year 13.44 t of biomass are consumed, resulting 1.78 t ofbiochar which, when introduced in soil, produces a -6.2 t/year negative balance of CO2.

From Independence to Interconnection--A Review of AI Technology Applied in Energy Systems

The development of diversified energy structures,distributed energy scheduling models and active participation ability of users,leads to a rapid movement toward energy system in which different energy carriers and systems interact together in a synergistic way.This energy development will face many challenges with the requirements of big data processing capability,professional skill,distributed collaboration and realtime monitoring for the energy system that demands an intelligent and flexible tool to realize the smart energy.Artificial intelligence(AI)technology has become a focus because of its better performance.This paper proposed a classification method that incorporates the intelligence of an independent energy unit(IEU)and the intelligence among interconnected energy units(IEUS)to review the development of AI technology in energy systems.The dominant structures of IEU can be considered from three aspects including perception,decision and implementation to study the optimal strategy for AI methods utilized in IEU.And considering the interaction relationship of IEUS,the AI applied for it can be described by the coordinated relationship and adversarial relationship problems to achieve consensus.By discussing the AI technologies and the potentials of AI in the energy system,some suggestions are presented to improve intelligent technologies for sustainable energy systems in the future.