Cloud-Model-Based Feature Engineering to Analyze the Energy-Water Nexus of a Full-Scale Wastewater Treatment Plant

Wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)are important and energy-intensive municipal infrastructures.High energy consumption and relatively low operating performance are major challenges from the perspective of carbon neutrality.However,water-energy nexus analysis and models for WWTPs have rarely been reported to date.In this study,a cloud-model-based energy consumption analysis(CMECA)of a WWTP was conducted to explore the relationship between influent and energy consumption by clustering its influent’s parameters.The principal component analysis(PCA)and K-means clustering were applied to classify the influent condition using water quality and volume data.The energy consumption of the WWTP is divided into five standard evaluation levels,and its cloud digital characteristics(CDCs)were extracted according to bilateral constraints and golden ratio methods.Our results showed that the energy consumption distribution gradually dispersed and deviated from the Gaussian distribution with decreased water concentration and quantity.The days with high energy efficiency were extracted via the clustering method from the influent category of excessive energy consumption,represented by a compact-type energy consumption distribution curve to identify the influent conditions that affect the steady distribution of energy consumption.The local WWTP has high energy consumption with 0.3613 kW·h·m^(-3)despite low influent concentration and volumes,across four consumption levels from low(I)to relatively high(IV),showing an unsatisfactory operation and management level.The average oxygenation capacity,internal reflux ratio,and external reflux ratio during high energy efficiency days recognized by further clustering were obtained(0.2924-0.3703 kg O_(2)·m^(-3),1.9576-2.4787,and 0.6603-0.8361,respectively),which could be used as a guide for the days with low energy efficiency.Consequently,this study offers a water-energy nexus analysis method to identify influent conditions with operational management anomalies and can be used as an empirical reference for the optimized operation of WWTPs.

Modeling of Energy Consumption and Effluent Quality Using Density Peaks-based Adaptive Fuzzy Neural Network

Modeling of energy consumption(EC) and effluent quality(EQ) are very essential problems that need to be solved for the multiobjective optimal control in the wastewater treatment process(WWTP). To address this issue, a density peaks-based adaptive fuzzy neural network(DP-AFNN) is proposed in this study. To obtain suitable fuzzy rules, a DP-based clustering method is applied to fit the cluster centers to process nonlinearity.The parameters of the extracted fuzzy rules are fine-tuned based on the improved Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm during the training process. Furthermore, the analysis of convergence is performed to guarantee the successful application of the DPAFNN. Finally, the proposed DP-AFNN is utilized to develop the models of EC and EQ in the WWTP. The experimental results show that the proposed DP-AFNN can achieve fast convergence speed and high prediction accuracy in comparison with some existing methods.

马钢2×380m^(2)烧结机节能减排实践

为进一步适应烧结生产优质、降耗、减排的发展的需求,马钢2×380m^(2)烧结机采取了一系列提质降耗技术措施。通过持续优化厚料层烧结生产经济潜力;降低固体燃耗;点火炉升级改造、带冷机改环冷机、烧结机漏风治理、大型风机变频技术等多项节能新技术的应用以及创新管理,在烧结矿质量以及节能降耗方面取得了显著改善效果,工序能耗由55 kgce/t下降至47kgce/t水平。同时对当前2×380m^(2)烧结机烧结高效、低耗生产存在的问题提出了改进方向,以进一步促进节能减排工作的持续发展。

Statistical regression modeling for energy consumption in wastewater treatment

Wastewater treatment is one of critical issues faced by water utilities, and receives more and more attentions recently. The energy consumption modeling in biochemical wastewater treatment was investigated in the study via a general and robust approach based on Bayesian semi-parametric quantile regression. The dataset was derived from a municipal wastewater treatment plant, where the energy consumption of unit chemical oxygen demand(COD) reduction was the response variable of interest. Via the proposed approach,the comprehensive regression pictures of the energy consumption and truly influencing factors, i.e., the regression relationships at lower, median and higher energy consumption levels were characterized respectively. Meanwhile, the proposals for energy saving in different cases were also facilitated specifically. First, the lower level of energy consumption was closely associated with the temperature of influent wastewater, and the chroma-rich wastewater also showed helpful in the execution of energy saving. Second, at median energy consumption level, the COD-rich wastewater played a determinative role in the reduction of energy consumption, while the higher quality of treated water led to slightly energy intensive. Third, the higher level of energy consumption was most likely to be attributed to the relatively high temperature of wastewater and total nitrogen(TN)-rich wastewater,and both of the factors were preferably to be avoided to alleviate the burden of energy consumption. The study provided an efficient approach to controlling the energy consumption of wastewater treatment in the perspective of statistical regression modeling, and offered valuable suggestions for the future energy saving.

Characteristic and correlation analysis of influent and energy consumption of wastewater treatment plants in Taihu Basin

The water quality and energy consumption of wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)in Taihu Basin were evaluated on the basis of the operation data from 204 municipal WWTPs in the basin by using various statistical methods.The influent ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N)and total nitrogen(TN)of WWTPs in Taihu Basin showed normal distribution,whereas chemical oxygen demand(COD),biochemical oxygen demand(BOD5),suspended solid(SS),and total phosphorus(TP)showed positively skewed distribution.The influent BOD5/COD was 0.4%-0.6%,only 39.2%SS/BOD5 exceeded the standard by 36.3%,the average BOD5/TN was 3.82,and the probability of influent BOD5/TP>20 was 82.8%.The average energy consumption of WWTPs in Taihu Basin in 2017 was 0.458 kWh/m^3.The specific energy consumption of WWTPs with a daily treatment capacity of more than 5×10^4 m^3 in Taihu Basin was stable at 0.33 kWh/m^3.A power function relationship was observed between the reduction in COD and NH3-N and the specific energy consumption of pollutant reduction,and the higher the pollutant reduction is,the lower the specific energy consumption of pollutant reduction presents.In addition,a linear relationship existed between the energy consumption of WWTPs and the specific energy consumption of influent volume and pollutant reduction.Therefore,upgrading and operation with less energy consumption of WWTPs is imperative and the suggestions for Taihu WWTPs based on stringent discharge standard are proposed in detail.

智慧水厂能耗监测评价与异常诊断管理平台研究

为提升污水处理厂水处理过程的运行能效,加速推进智慧水厂向节能化、数字化方向转型,设计了一种面向污水处理厂的能耗监测评价与异常诊断管理平台。平台基于建筑信息模型和能耗管理系统,通过采集污水处理厂运行数据与气象数据等信息,建立基于机器学习算法的动态监督能耗预测模型,实现厂区运行状况实时监测与评价。运维管理人员可依据平台生成的状态评价指数,进行厂区能源结构调整与异常用能识别与诊断。最后,以实际案例数据验证了平台各功能模块的可行性与有效性。分析结果表明,平台预警模块可以监测反馈96%的异常用能情况。

数据驱动的污水处理曝气过程低碳优化控制方法

针对现有的污水处理过程存在碳排放机理不清且难以评估,无法通过有效的调控方式降低碳排放总量的问题,设计了一种数据驱动的污水处理曝气过程低碳优化控制方法。首先,通过深入分析碳排放影响因素及其与水质指标的相互关系,获得了曝气过程各水质指标和碳排放之间的关联关系;其次,采用数据驱动的方法,设计了曝气过程能耗与碳排放的优化模型,以获取曝气过程最优化的控制策略;最后,将获取的曝气过程低碳优化控制方法应用于基准仿真模型。测试结果说明该方法能够有效地跟踪控制曝气过程,降低能耗与碳排放量总量。

基于两阶段邻域搜索的污水处理过程智能优化控制

为了更好地平衡污水处理过程中出水水质与能耗的关系,本文提出一种基于两阶段邻域搜索的污水处理过程智能优化控制方法.首先,建立以能耗和出水水质为优化目标的多目标优化模型;其次,提出一种基于两阶段邻域搜索的SPEA2(2-NS-SPEA2)对所建立的模型进行优化,通过对外部档案集中稀疏解的周围进行两阶段邻域搜索,并利用替代策略对外部档案集进行更新,提高算法的优化性能,获得质量更高的硝态氮浓度和溶解氧浓度的优化设定值;最后,利用PID控制器跟踪控制所确定的优化设定值,以保证优化方法的准确实施.污水处理过程运行优化控制实验表明:所提方法能够在保证出水水质满足排放标准的前提下,有效地净化水质、降低污水处理过程中产生的能耗.

某地下污水厂MBR膜运行效率及工艺控制分析

近年来缺氧-厌氧-好氧+膜生物反应器(AAO+MBR)工艺在污水处理厂的应用越来越广泛,但广大专家、学者对MBR膜的运行效率、工艺控制研究较少。文中结合武汉市近年来建设的一座10万m^(3)/d规模的全地下式污水处理厂的运行经验,对AAO+MBR工艺设计概况、运行效率、工艺控制要点、运行电耗进行研究,尤其对MBR膜的处理效率进行了重点研究。结果表明,MBR膜对进膜污水中的COD_(Cr)、氨氮、TN、TP均有一定的降解处理能力,除TN的去除率较低(10%~37%)外,其他污染物指标去除率均可达到40%以上。其中,氨氮、TN的降解速率影响因素与传统生化处理一致,主要为温度、碳源。研究以期为后续类似项目设计、运行管理提供参考。

基于鱼骨图分析枯水期污水厂生产运行成本

文章以东莞市枯水期污水处理厂为研究对象,对其进水水量、水质及生产运行成本进行分析,结果表明,8家污水处理厂1月月均负荷仅为64.32%,其中,有4家负荷低于60%;进水水质可生化性良好且满足生物除磷的要求,然而,仅有1家污水处理厂进水BOD_(5)/TN>4,表明大多数污水厂面临着进水碳源不足的问题。此外,8家污水处理厂的直接吨水成本(自来水费、电费、原材料药耗和污泥处置费)较高,为0.59元/m^(3)。通过鱼骨分析法直观地展示出,导致污水处理厂1月成本增加的原因主要是电耗、碳源、除磷剂和绝干泥药耗等费用的增加。为降低枯水期污水处理厂的直接吨水成本,针对鱼骨图分析下的电耗高、水处理药剂投加量大和绝干泥药耗高等问题,在确保污水处理设施正常稳定运行的基础上,从曝气、投药量、运行工艺及设备设施等方面提出应对措施,为其他低负荷率污水厂的节能降耗提供新思路。

铁质载体与生物耦合下污水低能耗处理工艺研究

为了降低污水处理工艺能耗,设计铁质载体与生物耦合下污水低能耗处理工艺。文章采集不同区域的污水作为研究样本,制备铁质载体与生物耦合反应器作为污水处理设备。测定初始输入污水水质,利用制备的耦合反应器实现污染物去除处理,计算并控制污水处理能耗,完成对污水的低能耗处理。经过测定污水处理结果,应用设计的处理工艺后总磷、总氮、汞离子污染物浓度分别减少约1.52 mg/L、4.68 mg/L、0.029 7 mg/L,能耗量控制在0.2 kWh/m^(3)以下。结论:提出工艺能够在保证处理效果的同时减少能源消耗量。

聚甲醛生产工艺的节能与环保技术研究及应用分析

介绍了聚甲醛生产工艺的节能与环保技术。从聚甲醛生产工艺的能耗分析与评估、节能技术、节能反应器的设计与优化、环保技术、综合节能与环保技术等方面进行了详细分析,以期实现聚甲醛生产工艺效率提高、生产成本降低、过程能源节约和环境污染减少,推动聚甲醛生产工艺的可持续发展。

城镇污水处理厂MSBR工艺节能经验及措施探讨

MSBR工艺作为SBR结合活性污泥污水处理法的改良与创新技术,应用范围不断扩大,在推动污水处理节能减排方面发挥了积极作用。这里以湖南某再生水厂为例,用能耗实测数据分析总结了MSBR工艺应用情况、存在的问题和节能降耗经验,并探讨了后续节能降耗措施。根据实际应用的数据统计结果表明:在出水达到准IV类水标准情况下,其MSBR工艺实际电能单耗不超过0.266 kWh/t水,直接运行成本已低于0.3元/t水,低于同行业平均水平。

碳中和目标下污水处理厂提标升级浅析

在碳中和目标下,通过对华中地区某污水处理厂改造升级后的工艺处理状况进行分析,其COD、NH_(3)-N、TN和TP的浓度分别从138.72 mg/L、15.17 mg/L、21.24 mg/L、1.97 mg/L降低到15.16 mg/L、0.38 mg/L、11.88 mg/L、0.22 mg/L,采取多级AAO工艺和多点进水的方式不仅提高污染物的去除效率,并且充分利用进水中的有机碳源减少成本。改良工艺后的月均处理水量增加了约21%,但月均综合电耗降低了约25%,较大程度上减少碳排放量。但在能源回收以及碳中和方面还有所不足,当地夏季高温,冬夏温差较大,夏冬两季制冷和供暖为刚需,可考虑污水余温热能回收利用;同时,在构筑物上铺设太阳能光伏板收集太阳能转化为电能供给厂内生产运行,进一步进行能量补偿以实现能源自给。

基于内源性反硝化强化技术的市政污水处理厂节能降耗低碳改造研究

为协调推进减污降碳协同增效,本文以能耗、物耗偏高的某污水处理厂为例,结合工艺运行实际提出并应用了基于内源性反硝化强化技术的改造组合方案。研究表明,吨水碳源投加量、吨水电耗分别同比降低44.6%、32.3%,CO_(2)减排量可超过2540t/a,全生命周期投入产出比最大达到1:232。在保持连续运行、稳定达标的前提下,取得了显著的节能降耗低碳效果,为低碳氮比的污水处理提供了可行的绿色低碳发展路径。

Production of Wood Fibers from Thermally Treated Wood

The reduction of the hygroscopicity of wood fibers was investigated through a Thermal Treatment(TT)on wood chips performed before the defibering process.The TT and defibering tests were both carried out on a continuous pilot at semi-industrial scale.The thermal treatment study of wood chips,equivalent to a low temperature pyrolysis,was achieved for four conditions(280°C–320°C)for a duration of 10 min.Mass quantification of solids,condensables and gases(FTIR)at the outcome of the thermal treatment allowed to achieve the mass balances for each condition.The increase of the reactor temperature from 280°C to 320°C leads to a lower solid yield(94%–82%)while gaseous(1%–3.8%)and condensable(3%–11%)products increase significantly.Thermally treated wood samples were afterwards successfully defibered in different conditions to produce suitable fibers for insulation panel production.The aim of the study is also to evaluate the effects of the TT on the lowering of energy consumption necessary for the defibering process while producing good quality fibers.Energy consumption during defibering process shows a significant decrease with the increase the TT severity.Fiber morphology is affected by TT and the morphological quality of the fibers decreases as TT severity increases.The mass percentage of dust was also quantified as a quality marker of produced fibers.Measurements of equilibrium moisture(at 20°C and 65%RH)of the different materials(wood chips before and after TT,produced fibers)show a significant effect of the TT on wood chips hygroscopicity(8.2%for untreated wood to 4.1%for TT at 320°C).However,the effect of the TT on the hygroscopicity reduction of thermally treated wood fibers is drastically less significant due to breaking of the wood structure during defibering process.

RTO技术在污水处理场工业应用总结

从中国石油化工股份有限公司济南分公司污水处理场废气处理装置运行状况出发,分析了污水处理场投运VOCs(挥发性有机物)废气治理设施的必要性,并对废气治理设施主要工艺原理进行了解析,介绍了蓄热式氧化(RTO)技术在该公司实际应用过程中出现的问题及相应调整措施。应用结果表明:废气中VOCs的去除率达到了设计要求,排放的尾气中非甲烷总烃质量浓度小于20 mg/m 3,各污染物浓度均低于国家标准限值。

基于厌氧氨氧化的低碳氮比城市污水同步脱氮除磷工艺研究进展

低碳氮比城市污水的高效低耗同步脱氮除磷是水污染防治的重点和难点问题,开发和应用低碳高效的脱氮除磷技术和工艺具有重要经济和环境效益。本文总结了同步脱氮除磷技术的发展历程,重点探讨了基于厌氧氨氧化强化的城市污水同步脱氮除磷新工艺和新技术,包括基于传统除磷与全程自养脱氮耦合工艺、反硝化除磷与厌氧氨氧化自养脱氮耦合工艺、部分厌氧氨氧化强化同步脱氮除磷等。其中基于部分厌氧氨氧化同步脱氮除磷的工程案例表明:短程反硝化耦合厌氧氨氧化可实现厌氧氨氧化菌的富集,同时解决低温对脱氮除磷性能的抑制。该技术利用原水碳源,在不同尺度的研究中均体现出深度的脱氮除磷效果。本文还比较了不同工艺的技术特点及工程应用前景,对未来研究的重点提出了展望,可为后续主流城市污水氮磷同步去除工艺的开发与优化提供参考。

低温环境下污水处理厂工艺改造及运行结果分析

冬季低温是污水处理厂稳定运行的最大挑战之一,通常会引起出水超标、污泥膨胀、处理水量不足等严重问题,污水处理厂一般采取工艺参数调整加以应对,然而实际结果表明当水温低到一定程度时常规手段仍难奏效。以陕西省某县城污水处理厂工艺改造为例,提出了通过深挖系统潜能强化脱氮除磷,同时结合芽孢杆菌优势菌种的改造思路,实现了在进水温度仅有5℃、持续时间超过40 d的极限条件下的稳定处理。实际运行结果表明,该污水处理厂在进水温度13.2℃条件下仅用12天启动调试成功,随着水温进一步降低系统保持稳定,平均出水COD、NH_(4)^(+)-N、TN、TP分别为:19.49、0.095、11.24和0.188 mg/L,稳定达到《陕西省黄河流域污水综合排放标准》A类;吨水处理能耗和药剂成本分别降低约12%和60%。达到了良好的处理效果,为同类型污水处理厂的提标改造提供了参考和借鉴。

城市污水处理系统运行品质提升思考与实践

在污水处理提标改造的行业趋势下,通过从政策、经济、社会、执行4个方面进行分析,提出污水处理运行品质提升的内涵为稳定高标、提质增效、绿色生态与智慧赋能。同时,为满足污水处理运行品质提升的内涵要求,可从以下4个方向重点着手:全流程的优化提标、全方位节能降耗、全链条综合利用、全环节智慧运维。