Research on a TOPSIS energy efficiency evaluation system for crude oil gathering and transportation systems based on a GA-BP neural network

As the main link of ground engineering,crude oil gathering and transportation systems require huge energy consumption and complex structures.It is necessary to establish an energy efficiency evaluation system for crude oil gathering and transportation systems and identify the energy efficiency gaps.In this paper,the energy efficiency evaluation system of the crude oil gathering and transportation system in an oilfield in western China is established.Combined with the big data analysis method,the GA-BP neural network is used to establish the energy efficiency index prediction model for crude oil gathering and transportation systems.The comprehensive energy consumption,gas consumption,power consumption,energy utilization rate,heat utilization rate,and power utilization rate of crude oil gathering and transportation systems are predicted.Considering the efficiency and unit consumption index of the crude oil gathering and transportation system,the energy efficiency evaluation system of the crude oil gathering and transportation system is established based on a game theory combined weighting method and TOPSIS evaluation method,and the subjective weight is determined by the triangular fuzzy analytic hierarchy process.The entropy weight method determines the objective weight,and the combined weight of game theory combines subjectivity with objectivity to comprehensively evaluate the comprehensive energy efficiency of crude oil gathering and transportation systems and their subsystems.Finally,the weak links in energy utilization are identified,and energy conservation and consumption reduction are improved.The above research provides technical support for the green,efficient and intelligent development of crude oil gathering and transportation systems.

Energy Consumption Analysis and Optimization of Electric Submersible Pump System

Electric submersible pumps account for a considerable proportion in the development of the Bohai Oilfield. Improving the system efficiency of the electric submersible pump wells, ensuring that the units operate in the high-efficiency zone, is essential. Analysis shows that the efficiency of the electric submersible pump system depends on the wear and tear of each component of the submersible pump equipment, the setting of operational parameters, and more importantly, the production status and daily management level of the oil well. Therefore, improving the structural performance of the submersible pump product, optimizing the parameters setting of the oil well, strengthening daily management, establishing a scientific management system, and improving the production management process and system can effectively improve the production efficiency and economic benefits of the oil well, and further achieve the goal of energy saving and emission reduction. In addition, it is necessary to actively promote the concept and technology of energy saving and emission reduction, encourage oilfield enterprises to explore effective measures to reduce the energy consumption of the electric submersible pump system by strengthening the scientific management system, and achieve a green, low-carbon, and high-quality development of oilfield production to achieve the unity of economic benefits, social benefits, and environmental benefits. This article applies the above measures in the P oilfield to achieve energy optimization of submersible electric pump systems, reducing the daily power consumption of single well submersible electric pump systems by 371 kWh per day, increasing the submersible electric pump's lifespan by 200 days, generating considerable project benefits.

A comparative study of hybrid electric vehicle fuel consumption over diverse driving cycles

Environmental pollution and declining resources of fossil fuels in recent years,have increased demand for better fuel economy and less pollution for ground transportation.Among the alternative solutions provided by researchers in recent decades,hybrid electric vehicles consisted of an internal combustion engine and an electric motor have been considered as a promising solution in the short-term.In the present study,fuel economy characteristics of a parallel hybrid electric vehicle are investigated by using numerical simulation.The simulation methodology is based on a fast forward facing simulation model of a parallel hybrid and an internal combustion engine powertrains.The objective of this study is to present the main parameters which result in an optimum combination of hybrid powertrain components in order to obtain a better fuel economy of hybrid powertrains regarding different driven cycles and hybridization factors.Then,the fuel consumption of the parallel hybrid electric vehicles are compared considering various driven cycles and hybridization factors.The results showed that the better fuel economy of hybrid powertrains increases by decreasing average load of the test cycle and the point of the best fuel economy for a particular average load of the cycle moves towards higher hybridization factors when the average load of the test cycle is reduced.

Reducing Electrical Consumption in Stationary Long-Haul Trucks

On average, long-haul trucks in the U.S. use approximately 667 million gallons of fuel each year just for idling. This idling primarily facilitates climate control operations during driver rest periods. To mitigate this, our study explored ways to diminish the electrical consumption of climate control systems in class 8 trucks through innovative load reduction technologies. We utilized the CoolCalc software, developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), which integrates heat transfer principles with extensive weather data from across the U.S. to mimic the environmental conditions trucks face year-round. The analysis of the CoolCalc simulations was performed using MATLAB. We assessed the impact of various technologies, including white paint, advanced curtains, and Thinsulate insulation on reducing electrical demand compared to standard conditions. Our findings indicate that trucks operating in the eastern U.S. could see electrical load reductions of up to 40%, while those in the western regions could achieve reductions as high as 55%. Such significant decreases in energy consumption mean that a 10 kWh battery system could sufficiently manage the HVAC needs of these trucks throughout the year without idling. Given that many long-haul trucks are equipped with battery systems of around 800 Ah (9.6 kWh), implementing these advanced technologies could substantially curtail the necessity for idling to power air conditioning systems.

Environmental Approach for Energy Audits on Government Buildings: A Mexican Case for the Air Conditioning System

In the face of the climate change, energy consumption is one of the main issues to be solved. Energy audits are useful tools that may contribute to develop energy efficiency initiatives. The purpose of this paper is to provide insights into how energy audits, with a scope on air conditioning (AC) systems, contribute to develop energy efficiency options for a government building in the city of Hermosillo, Mexico. The methodology is based in the energy audit framework proposed by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). Results show that, in a typical day of maximum consumption, AC represents 64% of the total electrical consumption, while office equipment accounted for 22%, and lighting 14%. Additionally, AC system has a yearly consumption of 54,419.40 kWh with an emission estimate of 24.92 tons of CO2-eq/year. Three approaches for energy efficiency proposals were addressed through AC systems: Improvement of the operation and consumption habits, maintenance and reconditioning of facilities, and replacement of AC units. While Mexico has international commitments through environmental treaties related to contribute to climate change mitigation, this study shows that, at least one government building still produces potential impacts that can be deterred by addressing structural and behavioral changes related to AC operation. Finally, this study may be used as reference for energy efficiency practitioners or decision-making authorities in the public administration field for developing better energy policies for government buildings.

基于AHP-熵权-可拓学的高校建筑电气节能评价

针对高校能源消耗过高以及浪费严重的问题,提出了一种基于层次分析法、熵权法与可拓学理论融合的高校校园建筑电气节能评价模型。运用可拓学理念,给出了用于评估电气节能性能的物元模型;建立电源节能、电网节能、负荷节能、建筑体系节能为准则的评价体系,选取12个评价指标并引入层次分析法与熵权法计算各评价指标的权重;结合所建立的物元模型构建经典域、节域完成关联度计算。以某高校为例,利用所构建的评价模型完成对其建筑电气节能空间的评价,得到该高校校园建筑电气节能空间为中等级别,其级别特征值为2.90,结果表明其仍存在较大的节能空间,最后根据评价结果提出相应的改进措施。

水冷冷水机组热回收的节能分析

本文首先介绍了夏热冬暖地区生活热水系统常用的三种热水供给方案,并对其所用的热源机组进行能效分析及能耗分析,把空调制冷与生活热水作为一个整体,具体计算了三种方案热源机组的单位制热量耗电指标,这一指标的计算结果表明了回收水冷冷水机组的冷凝余热用于生活热水系统节能效果明显,且在此基础上推导出不同环境温度下运行经济性最佳的水冷冷水机组热回收温度,进而通过工程实例广东佛山某酒店项目的生活热水系统热源机组年能耗计算佐证之。本文量化分析了水冷冷水机组热回收的节能效果以及热回收温度对节能效果的影响,以期为水冷冷水机组热回收的应用及运行提供有益的参考和指导。

考虑分区域动态电价机制引导的电动汽车充电优化策略

为应对大规模电动汽车无序充电引起的配电网运行损耗增加问题,提出一种分区域动态电价机制引导的电动汽车(electric vehicle,EV)充电优化策略。该动态电价机制是根据不同区域内的负荷特点建立不同的动态电价,从而优化对应区域的EV充电。其中商业区建立计及充电站充电总功率的动态电价模型,居民区和办公区采用计及风光出力的动态电价模型。同时,提出充电效益系数模型以提升在居民区和办公区用户的充电时间满意度。最后,在IEEE33节点系统上进行仿真验证。结果表明,所提出的基于分区域动态电价机制的EV充电优化策略能够在保证车主利益的同时,降低网损、提高配网电压质量、促进风光消纳以及提升配网的经济性。

直接接触式固体蓄热电锅炉的能效分析

能效评价是热源能源利用效果的重要体现,传统的固体蓄热电锅炉由于空气的比热容小且需要多级换热,会降低系统的换热效率,直接接触式固体蓄热电锅炉技术提高了热源的换热效率,但缺乏一套完备的能效评价标准。使用(火用)分析法展开分析,掌握热源运行参数及能量转换关系,确定(火用)分析模型并计算,获取其能效评价指标;再运用集值统计法确定指标权重,模糊综合评价确定其评分及等级,形成该直接接触式电锅炉的能效评价体系;最后结合热力学理论分析并利用具体实验验证该评价体系的合理性,为直接接触式固体蓄热电锅炉技术改进及推广发展提供参考。

采用节能导线的输电线路全寿命周期成本分析

近20年来,全国输电线路的长度显著增长,在线路工程建设中,经济性成本是至关重要的考量因素之一。通过构建输电线路工程全寿命周期成本量化模型,对辽宁省A市某220 kV新建线路工程采用JL/G1A-400/35型钢芯铝绞线及JL(GD)/G1A-400/35型钢芯高导电率铝绞线下的经济成本差异进行对比分析。采用线性回归分析、灰色预测GM(1,1)模型以及自回归差分移动平均(autoregressive integrated moving average,ARIMA)模型对工程运行期输电线路的负荷水平进行预测,得出组合预测分析方法下线路工程的售电效益;同时,量化节能导线的减碳效益,分析负荷增长水平、天气、海拔及投资折现率对线路运行成本的灵敏度,对比评估2种导线技术方案的经济性指标。研究结果表明,作为一种节能导线,钢芯高导电率铝绞线可以降低输电线路工程的运行维护成本,在考虑售电效益的同时为线路工程带来额外的减碳效益,在工程的全寿命周期内具有良好的经济性及低碳性。

Effect of driving cycles on energy efficiency of electric vehicles

Based on several typical domestic and foreign driving cycles, the energy usage efficiency of the EVs-XL 2000 type electric vehicle (EV) is analyzed. The energy usage efficiency of EVs and the evaluation index of electromotor efficiency are studied. The concepts of "interval usage percentage of energy efficiency" and "exertion degree of energy efficiency" of electromotor are presented. The effects of driving cycles on the distribution of the running status of electromotor and the efficiency are investi-gated. The efficiency of electromotor and the trend of average driving force at different driving cycles are discussed. The exertion degree of energy efficiency and the total power train efficiency of the EVs-XL 2000 type electric vehicle at typical driving cycles are analyzed and calculated. The result indicates that the driving cycle engenders a big influence on the exertion degree of electromotor energy efficiency at different driving cycles. Dissimilar driving cycles result in different efficiency distributions of electromotor, the control system as well as the average driving force and driving range are variable.

宜兴抽水蓄能电站综合厂用电率影响因素分析及控制措施研究

在电力市场化背景下,常规主体参与电力市场交易逐渐成熟,同时对调节性电源参与电力市场交易的规则和要求日趋明确。综合厂用电率是抽水蓄能电站一项重要经济性指标,鉴于此,阐述了抽水蓄能电站厂用电率的构成,分析了影响综合厂用电率的相关因素,同时提出了降低综合厂用电率的控制措施,旨在为抽水蓄能电站综合效率提升工作提供参考和借鉴。

基于单耗理论的燃煤火电机组能耗评估

以单耗理论为基础,对燃煤火力发电机组建立相应的单耗分析理论的模型,以某660 MW超临界机组、某1000 MW超超临界机组及某1000 MW二次再热机组作为研究案例,计算出各热力系统各个环节的附加单耗,从而得出相应热力系统附加单耗的空间分布,并对660 MW机组、1000 MW一次再热及二次再热机组的计算结果进行综合分析与比较,对创建能效综合评价体系的基础内容作进一步分析,同时根据各个环节附加单耗占总单耗的比例对各机组进行能耗评估,以找出机组能耗最大的环节设备,最终为节能降耗提出了相应的调整措施。

光伏/光热联合空气源热泵系统的性能研究

为了改善传统光伏发电系统的运行性能,提出了一种光伏/光热(PV/T)联合空气源热泵系统,介绍了该系统的工作原理和运行方式,研究了该系统的综合性能评价方法,然后利用TRNSYS瞬时系统模拟软件建立了该系统的仿真模型,并以重庆地区为例,对比分析了PV/T联合空气源热泵系统与单一光伏发电系统的组件表面温度、热效率、电效率、[火用]效率和一次能源节约效率。研究结果表明:1)PV/T组件表面温度与光伏组件表面温度的变化趋势较为一致,二者的平均值相差13℃,说明PV/T联合空气源热泵系统可以有效降低光伏组件表面温度;2)PV/T联合空气源热泵系统和光伏发电系统的平均电效率分别为11.40%和9.86%,相对提高了15.62%,说明PV/T联合空气源热泵系统能够获得更多的电能;3)PV/T联合空气源热泵系统和光伏发电系统的[火用]效率平均值分别为11.73%和8.94%,相对提高了31.21%,说明PV/T联合空气源热泵系统能够获得更多的可用能;4)PV/T联合空气源热泵系统的平均一次能源节约效率为50.94%,其总体变化趋势与热效率的变化趋势相似。

基于粗糙集理论的联合站能效分析与评价

为降低联合站的综合能耗,采用粗糙集理论对影响联合站能效的指标进行离散化处理,并通过属性约简去除冗余信息,得到指标权重,将数据代入SVM模型实现综合能效值的预测。得到如下结论:单位液量综合能耗对联合站综合能效等级的影响最大;属性约简可以有效去除数据集中的冗余信息,起到了数据清洗和处理的作用;4号、5号、6号、10号和22号联合站的综合能效等级最高,用能效果较差。从优化站内工艺布局、提高设备负荷率、去除二段脱水负荷等方面降低联合站的能效等级,单月耗电量可减少1072 kWh,单月耗气量可减少472 m^(3),达到了节能减排、节能降耗的目的。

智能建筑节能设计研究

智能建筑电气系统的节能控制技术是当前建筑行业的重要研究方向之一。文章在总结智能建筑基本概念的基础上,从建筑照明的节能设计、建筑能耗的监测与管理系统以及节能技术应用效果评估三方面详细分析了智能建筑节能设计,最后结合具体的应用案例,分析了节能技术应用前后的能耗情况。结果表明:节能技术的实施有助于提高智能建筑电气系统的能源利用效率,降低能耗,减少对环境的影响。

基于节能降耗的电力计量技术应用

在当前全球能源紧张和环境问题日益凸显的背景下,电力行业的节能降耗显得尤为迫切。本文聚焦于电力计量技术在节能降耗方面的应用,探讨了高精度计量、智能电表以及电力质量监测等关键技术的作用与效果。通过分析这些技术在工业、居民及公共设施等领域的实际应用案例,本文揭示了电力计量技术对于优化能源消费模式、提升能源使用效率的积极影响。同时,文章还指出了电力计量技术面临的挑战,包括数据安全和隐私保护问题,并展望了未来技术融合的发展趋势。研究结果强调,电力计量技术的发展对于实现电力行业的绿色转型和可持续发展具有重要意义。

基于机器学习的电能替代用户特征分析技术研究

探讨电能替代用户特征分析的技术与应用,以促进电能替代的可持续发展和应用。分析影响电能替代潜力的各种因素,建立对应的评估模型;采用K-means均值分类算法和多层感知机算法,实现了企业电能替代潜力评估和用户行业分类,提升企业电能替代工作的专业化和信息化水平;使用成对分析法和模糊综合评价体系构建电能替代效益评价模型。结果表明,电能替代在外部环境、电网公司盈利和社会贡献上的表现不错,综合评价级别为“较好”,带来的技术经济环境效益比较可观。

电饭锅能效检测方法及测量结果影响因素

按照现行电饭锅能源效率计量检测规则计量技术规范,介绍了电饭锅产品能效指标检测的具体操作方法,结合安徽省近六年的电饭锅产品能效监督抽查结果,探讨了检测过程中影响电饭锅热效率、待机功率和保温能耗检测结果的因素,以及安徽省能效标识监督抽查过程中暴露出的问题,最后对当前电饭锅能效检测提出了一些建议。

高效节能厨卫电器产品减碳评价方法研究

随着我国双碳政策的推进,厨卫电器产品也正面临着向节能低碳转型。然而,目前减碳评价技术和标准还不够完善。本文针对产品全生命周期最重要的环节“使用阶段”进行减碳评价方法研究,并在现有“减碳量”核算模型基础上,提出了基于“碳效比”概念的厨卫电器产品低碳评价方法。本文以电磁灶、电饭锅典型产品为例,通过研究基于热效率的能效表征参数方法核算产品减碳量和碳效比,核算结果表明该类产品减碳量可以比较直观反映产品低碳效果,但不能真实反映产品低碳技术的高低,需要“减碳量”和“碳效比”两者的结合,才能更好地客观评价高效节能厨卫电器产品减碳能力。