Evaluation of Energy Efficiency Performance of Heated Windows

Fenestration systems are widely used across the world.There is expansive research on window configurations,frames,and glazing technology,but not enough research has been published on reducing window heat loss through heat application to a pane.The presented study attempted to evaluate the performance of heated windows by developing an experimental setup to test a window at various temperatures by varying the power input to thewindow.Heated double pane window was installed in an insulated box.Atemperature gradient was developed across the window by cooling one side of the window using gel-based ice packs.The other face of the window was heated by enabling power at different wattages through the window.The temperature of the inside and outside panes,current and voltage input,and temperature of the room and box were recorded.The data was used to calculate the apparent effective resistance of the window when not being heated vs.when being heated.The study concluded that,when window temperature was maintained close to the room temperature,the heated double pane window is effective in reducing heat loss by as much as 50%as compared to a non-heated double pane window.When temperature of the window was much higher than the room temperature,the heat loss through the window increased beyond that of a non-heated window.The issues encountered during the current stages of experiments are noted,and recommendations are provided for future studies.

Investigation of Plans Shape and Glazing Percentage for the Energy Efficiency of Residential Buildings

The room’s plan shape,the area of the window,and the impact of the materials are significant parameters in determining the thermal needs of buildings.In traditional houses of the hot and dry climate of Iran,the plan shape of the room,the ratio of the window area to the floor area,and the comparison between traditional and prevalent materials have been less studied.This study investigated the thermal performance of seven different models of the plan shape,five different ratios of window area to plan area,and three material structures in a selected room of Yazd City using EnergyPlus software.Seven models have different plan shapes but the same floor area,whose thermal balance process calculations have been performed by the CTF method.The results show that the best thermal comfort conditions for the residents are at the window area to floor area ratio of 12%for the brick buildings and 15%for the buildings with thermal insulation and proposed materials.The lowest cooling and heating needs are obtained in a room with an east-west extension and a length-to-width ratio of about 1.38,which indicates the proper plan shape of the selected room.This research can be considered as a climatic strategy to improve the energy efficiency of residential buildings in Yazd.

MODELING AND FABRICATION OF A KINETIC SOLAR ENERGY-ABSORBING WINDOW AS A GREEN IDEA FOR SUSTAINABLE FUTURE BUILDINGS

INTRODUCTION Renewable versus nonrenewable energy sources and their respective environmental impacts have emerged as preeminent industrial,as well as environmental concerns.Negotiation between policies that promote economic development with those promoting conservationism has yielded promising opportunities for the future.These opportunities engage frameworks focused on economic directives while simultaneously considering the need for environmental directives.Buildings present a unique opportunity for sustainability as they represent the largest proportion of consumed energy,relative to other consumers reliant on the energy grid system.The largest source of energy expenditure in a modern building is through the heating and cooling system which facilitates and maintains a comfortable living temperature.By effectively implementing innovative approaches focused on energy preservation and overall reduction of consumption,it is possible to meet emission reduction goals and mitigate other adverse environmental conditions.Windows play a vital role in energy consumption and overall maintenance of a comfortable temperature.Understandably,the construction and fabrication of windows are the primary means through which optimized temperatures are achieved.This occurs not only through heat and energy transference but also by providing a protective differential between the inside of the building and the harsh weather conditions of the outdoors.As such,appropriate widow design strategies not only enhance comfort but reduce overall energy consumption.This study seeks to evaluate double-skin windows in order to offer a solution to excessive energy consumption.The windows work by generating a natural ventilation system in summer and then by producing hot air in winter for year-round comfort that is economical.Since current double-skin windows fail to effectively provide ventilation during warm seasons,a kinetic double-skin window was proposed to address this problem and optimize the heating and cooling functions of the building.The results of this research are applicable to modern construction and can be implemented into current design structures.

Improving Energy Efficiency in New Trawlers Fishing Gear in Mediterranean Sea

The objective of this work is to show the benefits of a new eco-systemic fishing gear installed in three bottom trawlers after one year using it. The study has been based on fuel consumption reduction for the three vessels and the catch in two of them. The new system minimizes the impact of the fishing gear on the seabed, with a reduction on the tow resistance. This generates significant fuel savings that improves the economical result of the fishery, helping the ship owners in the return of investment first, then in the future viability of the operation. Apart of the evident savings due to the fuel consumption reduction, in the long term, the ship owner will notice also savings on maintenance, both because the winches are towing with less tension （longer life for warps, brakes and hydraulic system） and the engine is running at low rpm＇s （longer life of the engine and between breakdowns）. The new fishing gear does not require any modification on the way that the fisherman is working, only replacing and/or modifying some parts or components of the fishing gear. The implementation is easy and the adjustments required could be done in a couple of days.

Design,fabrication and energy-saving evaluation of five-layer structure based transparent heat mirror coatings for windows application

Transparent heat mirror which allows the transmission of visible sunlight while reflects the infrared thermal energy is an effective building energy efficiency technology for hot climatic regions.In this work,a five-layer dielectric/metal/dielectric/metal/dielectric(DMDMD)coating of Si_(3)N_(4)/Ag/Si_(3)N_(4)/Ag/Si_(3)N_(4)structure is proposed.The radiative properties of the five-layer coatings are theoretically investigated by transfer matrix method.The thicknesses of the layers are optimized by using particle swarm optimization method.The sample of the designed Si_(3)N_(4)/Ag/Si_(3)N_(4)/Ag/Si_(3)N_(4)coating is prepared and the building energy performance when applying the DMDMD coating in a simple office room is also investigated,taking the hot weather condition of Guangzhou,China as an example.The simulated results show that the Tave+Rave value of the five-layer coating is 8%higher than that of the three-layer coating,and the long-wave emittance of the five-layer coating is 24.8%lower than that of the three-layer coating.And the application of the five-layer coatings on the glazed window could provide the highest energy saving rate of 8.9%when compared with the traditional low-e coatings.

Energy Efficient Window Control Scheme for IEEE 802.11ah （Wi-Fi HaLow） Based Networks

IEEE 802.11ah brings in Restricted Access Window （RAW） to decrease contention, which is the grouping-based MAC protocol. The way to group a large number of devices and application of RAW size would have influence on the energy efficiency in the process of medium access and communications. In this paper, we study an efficient window control algorithm to improve the uplink energy efficiency with a novel retransmission scheme that utilises the next empty slot for retransmission in the uplink. The grouping scheme is based on the college admission game. The problem is formulated based on energy efficiency by probability theory and Marker chain. To optimise energy efficiency, a window control scheme is proposed to group the devices and set the adaptive window size （number of slots per RAW and internal slot interval） based on the number of groups, applications and the distance between devices and Access Point （AP）. The optimal solution is derived by Gradient Descent approach. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm outperforms existing one on uplink energy efficiency and fairness.

COMMUNITY, CAMPUS, AND CLIMATE AT CENTRAL COMMUNITY COLLEGE-3C INITIATIVE Kearney Center Living Learning Lab and Ecosystem

INTRODUCTION Central Community College (CCC) has multiple campuses and centers in rural agri-cultural communities throughout Central Nebraska and College President, Dr. Greg Smith, was an early adopter to the vision of economic and environmental sustain-ability. Central Community College has been a Cum Laude Leader since 2011 and signatory of the Climate Commitment as part of the Climate Leadership Network (previously the ACUPCC). CCC made a commitment to educate, implement and model the practices needed for a sustainable future. For our communities and ultimately globally, we believe environmental sustainability is important and nec-essary for healthy communities, people and economic sustainability. Each CCC campus and center also has available land to commit to renewable energy, typically not available in most major metropolitan campuses. The State of Nebraska is a late adopter to renewable energy, but with the potential for reduced operating costs, is now embracing sustainable development with CCC and providing leadership with our 3C initiative and Environmental Sustainability Action Plan.

基于透明导电膜的光学窗口加热除冰效率研究

为了提高圆形光学窗口表面透明导电膜加热除冰的效率,基于欧姆定律以及热传导效应的理论分析,建立了圆形光学窗口表面透明导电膜的加热除冰效率理论模型。通过数值模拟,计算了直径100 mm圆形光学窗口在-55℃环境中对10 mm厚冰层的加热除冰效率,并采用24 V直流电源加热的方式进行了试验验证。结果表明,理论计算的除冰时间与试验结果之间存在偏差,这主要是由于在除冰过程中,光学窗口表面产生的热能除了大部分用于除冰消耗以外,还有少部分通过热传导散热而被消耗,同时窗口表面一部分水被加热而吸收热量,从而导致能耗增加。基于试验结果和理论分析,进一步提出了提高加热除冰效率的措施。

塑料门窗的特点及在建筑节能中的应用

建筑能耗在总能源能耗中的高占比使得人们看到建筑节能的潜力。门窗材料的选择极大地影响了建筑节能的效果,本文综合分析了塑料门窗在建筑节能中的发展历程以及特点,最后提出优化其未来发展的路径,以期能够在绿色节能发展的背景下充分发挥塑料门窗在建筑领域的优势,推动我国建筑节能向着良性的方向发展。

基于超低能耗建筑窗结构设计的研究与应用

为了促进超低能耗建筑保温隔热性能,对建筑外围护结构所使用的铝材、玻璃等材料进行了优化,对门窗的结构设计、拼装加工、安装技术进行创新,提升了建筑整体的密封性能,满足了超低能耗设计要求。以中建八局建筑科技(山东)有限公司办公楼为工程背景,研发设计了103系列被动窗,降低了门窗传热系数,提高了建筑节能效果,从绿色与经济两方面带来巨大价值,可为超低能耗建筑的发展提供有益借鉴。

被动式建筑节能技术要点分析

被动式节能建筑能够最大限度地降低建筑的热损失,在为人们提供舒适的居住环境的同时,能减少采暖及制冷产生的能量消耗。文章以马厂安置区幼儿园建设项目为例,先介绍了被动式建筑的主要优势,然后从新风系统、保温系统、门窗系统、辐射采暖制冷技术、气密性施工等方面阐述了被动式建筑节能施工技术,以期为同类工程提供参考。

建筑节能门窗推广应用面临的挑战及对策分析

我国建筑中有大量隔热保温性能低的老旧门窗和不达标门窗,造成了大量能源浪费。“双碳”战略背景下,推动建筑门窗节能已成为建筑节能降碳的关键措施。本文阐述了大规模推广使用节能门窗对推进全社会节能降碳、提升居民生活质量、打造新产业、培育新动能的重要意义,综合分析了节能门窗推广应用面临的问题,提出了开展门窗能效提升行动、强化门窗质量要求,完善行业标准等对策建议。

建筑节能设计Low-E玻璃窗的遮阳参数取值分析

节能外窗属于精密工业制品,也是建筑工程外围护结构的重要组成部分。为能降低房间内的夏季太阳得热,工程中通常采用低辐射Low-E玻璃外窗,但由于国家及各地区的技术规范对Low-E玻璃窗的参数取值不尽相同、审图机构的把握尺度不一、门窗厂家的加工技术水平参差不齐,为能解决Low-E玻璃外窗的遮阳参数取值和选型困难的问题,达到概念清晰、数据可靠、便于实施的目的,文中采用公式计算和查表对比的方法,对规范的遮阳参数概念作补充说明,同时结合江苏某住宅项目的工程实践,给出Low-E玻璃窗遮阳参数的取值原则和建议,并认为一般Low-E玻璃的自遮阳系数取值最高不应超过0.60。

绿色建筑工程技术的分析及节能技术研究

随着我国城镇化的不断深入,建筑业得到了迅猛的发展,但也带来了巨大的生态破坏和资源浪费,给周边生态带来了极大的危害。为此,提出了一种新型的、绿色的、节能的工程技术,并详细地介绍了新的绿色节能建筑工程技术的运用情况和原理,对绿色墙体保温技术、绿色照明节能技术、门窗节能技术和节水技术在其中的具体运用进行了论述。

低碳经济背景下绿色建筑节能发展方向及技术措施研究

为了缓解能源供需矛盾,推动可持续发展目标的实现,我国提出了低碳经济发展模式,这也是我国建筑行业未来一段时间发展的主要趋势。本文以发展绿色建筑的意义作为切入点,明确了绿色建筑节能发展方向,最终对绿色建筑节能技术措施进行了总结并提出了建议,希望对行业相关人员提供新的思考方向。

不同气候区建筑外窗遮阳设计和选型探讨

建筑外窗遮阳可以有效减少太阳辐射,降低夏季空调运行能耗和建筑碳排放。GB 55015—2021《建筑节能与可再生能源利用通用规范》的发布,对不同气候区的建筑类型和朝向的建筑遮阳提出了更高的要求,遮阳形式选型将有所改变。通过标准调研、产品调研和案例调研,聚焦公共建筑和居住建筑,梳理了建筑节能相关的各类标准对建筑遮阳的最新要求和遮阳系数计算公式,为建筑外窗遮阳设计和选型提供参考,推动建筑领域节能降碳,助力“碳中和”目标的实现。

我国极寒地区超低能耗建筑气密性膜材料应用与评价

气密性是建筑设计的一个重要方面,它可以显著提高能源效率、减少供暖需求、延长建筑物的使用寿命并维持健康舒适的家庭生活环境,随着我国建筑节能设计标准的不断提高,由建筑气密性不良导致的空气渗透热损失过高的问题正在被逐步重视。本文主要围绕我国极寒地区超低能耗建筑门窗洞口的气密性保障问题,提出了相应气密性膜材料的解决方案及适用于极寒气候区的应用工法,并结合外窗系统形成了工程项目的气密性检测评价方案。

被动式建筑中高性能门窗幕墙的应用研究

本文深入探讨了高性能门窗幕墙在被动式建筑中的应用,包括隔热、隔声、通风、采光以及节能与环保等方面,并分析了材料选择、施工技术和维护管理等关键问题。文章指出,高性能门窗幕墙不仅能够显著提升建筑的能源效率和室内环境质量,还能增强建筑的安全性和可靠性。通过综合评估材料性能、安装技术和维护策略,可以确保门窗幕墙系统在被动式建筑中的高效运行,为实现绿色、可持续的建筑发展提供有力支持。

绿色节能技术在建筑门窗幕墙设计中的应用分析

随着环境保护意识的增强,绿色节能技术在建筑行业中得到了广泛的应用。建筑门窗幕墙作为建筑物的外部护罩,对能源的消耗和环境的影响具有重要的作用。因此,将绿色节能技术应用于建筑门窗幕墙设计中,不仅可以降低能源消耗,减少环境污染,还可以提高建筑物的舒适性和使用寿命。本文将分析绿色节能技术在建筑门窗幕墙设计中的应用,并探讨其对建筑行业的影响和未来的发展趋势。