Multi-subject and multi-objective integrated optimization system and implementation strategy for energy-saving renovation of the existing residential buildings

The core of the healthy and orderly operation of the existing residential building energy-saving renovation market lies in the exploration of the implementation mechanism of multi-subject and multi-objective integrated optimization.The multi-agent and multi-objective integrated optimization system framework is a powerful tool to guide the scientific decision-making of the market core structural entities in the future market practice. This paper analyzes the practical dilemma of energy-saving renovation of theexisting residential buildings in China, summarizes the practical experience of multi-subject and multi-objective integrated optimization of energy-saving renovation of the existing residential buildings in foreign countries, and puts forward beneficial practical enlightenment on the basis of comparison at home and abroad;The design principles of the target integrated optimization system have established a multi-subject and multi-objective integrated optimization system framework for the energy-saving renovation of the existing residential buildings, from six aspects: government guidance, trust consensus, value co-creation, risk sharing, revenue sharing, and social responsibility sharing. This paper proposes a multi-subject and multi-objective integrated practice strategy, in order to promote the efficient and orderly development of China's existing residential building energy-saving renovation market.

Benchmarking of energy efficiency standards for residential buildings in China

In order to benchmark the energy efficiency standards for residential buildings in China,the Hong Kong building environment assessment method（HK-BEAM）is chosen as the compliance criteria for assessment.The annual energy consumption and the overall thermal transfer value（OTTV）of a baseline residential building prescribed in the Chinese codes and the HK-BEAM are evaluated and compared by the energy budget approach.The results show that in the Chinese codes,the OTTV of the residential building is lower,but the annual energy consumption and the cooling load are higher than those in the HK-BEAM.The annual energy use difference amounts to 13.4%.All the compliance criteria except the ventilation rate and the equipment power in the Chinese codes are set higher than those in the HK-BEAM.However,the compliance criteria of the ventilation rate and the equipment power,especially the ventilation rate,result in much energy consumption,which ultimately induces a high energy budget for residential buildings.

A Study on the Evaluation of Heating and Cooling Energy Efficiency in Residential Buildings for Climatic Zones of Turkey

In Turkey, most of the common type projects of mass production residential buildings are being developed and constructed by TOK1 （Housing Development Administration of Turkey）. These buildings, in which energy efficient approach has been disregarded for years, cause to gradually increase on heating and cooling energy consumptions. In regards to national economics, it is essential to evaluate energy efficiency and to develop suggestions to decrease energy consumptions in residential buildings. To achieve appropriate solutions, cost evaluation also becomes necessary. Therefore, this paper aims to introduce a study which serves the purpose of producing a choice of energy efficient solutions in order to reduce energy consumptions and energy cost. In this study, different heating and cooling energy efficient scenarios have been developed for a selected residential building, constructed by TOKI, for climatic zones of Turkey. For each scenario, energy simulations have been executed by means of the simulation program--DesignBuilder, the user-friendly visual interface of EnergyPlus, and cost analysis has been carried out by using the net present value and discounted payback period method. As a result, energy and cost effective solutions have been presented and discussed for different climatic zones.

Promoting energy efficiency reconstruction for existing buildings based on comprehensive benefit evaluation

The purpose of the comprehensive benefit evaluation of the existing building energy saving renovation project is to promote the healthy development of the energy saving reconstruction. Therefore, it is necessary to reflect the value and function of incentive and restraint. The concrete embodiment is that: improving energy saving standard renovation of existing buildings, promoting the construction of energy efficiency labeling system, and strengthening the construction of government supervision system by the comprehensive benefit evaluation.

Investment risk evaluation of existing building energy-saving renovation project for ESCO

The investment risk management of the existing building energy-saving renovation project for ESCO cannot be separated from the scientific risk measurement and evaluation. The investment risk assessment is the basis of investment decision and project implementation. Based on the content analysis and balance of evaluation principle of investment risk evaluation on the existing building energy-saving renovation project, we set up three levels of existing building energy-saving renovation project investment risk evaluation index system, use fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate the quantitative process, get the scientific assessment of the investment risk of existing building energy-saving renovation project, and support the investment risk response strategy and control measures of existing building energy-saving renovation project for ESCO.

Operational mechanism of comprehensive benefit evaluation of existing building energy efficient renovation project based on value-added life

The comprehensive benefit evaluation of the existing building energy efficient renovation project cannot be separated from the scientific and effective evaluation mechanism.Based on the value-added life perspective,this paper analyzes the implementation subject,standard,system and principle of the comprehensive benefit evaluation of the existing building energy efficient renovation project.It plans the process of comprehensive benefit evaluation,and builds a scientific and reasonable operation platform of evaluation system,with a view to promoting the effective implementation of the comprehensive benefit evaluation of existing building energy-saving retrofits.

Thermal Bridges Impact on Energy Consumption in Residential Buildings Considering the Brazilian Bioclimatic Zoning

With the considerable increase in electric power consumption, searching for buildings with lower energy impact has become a crucial factor on controlling energy consumption, as well as designing buildings with high thermal comfort. Thermal bridges are weak points in buildings where the thermal resistance varies considerably between two distinct points. Depending on the situation, the existence of thermal bridges in a building can be favorable to the achievement of the expected thermal comfort and lower energy consumption. The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of thermal bridges of reinforced concrete structure regarding to energy consumption for residential buildings in the Brazilian bioclimatic zones. The used method is characterized by computer simulations of distinct cases configured with and without thermal bridges. The results show that in most bioclimatic zones, the presence of thermal bridges in the wall composition contributes to the reduction of energy consumption for both heating and cooling, and independent of the wall＇s insulation level, solar absorptance is a major factor in the energy consumption levels, walls with smaller absorptance consume less and this consumption increases gradually with increasing absorptance.

Strategies for healthy market of existing building energy conservation

The existing building energy-saving renovation project with quasi-public goods attributes has inherently defined the characteristics of market externality and information asymmetry, leading to the existing building energy-saving renovation market failure. Improve the existing building energy-saving market development guarantee system is the foundation of promoting market cultivation, and healthy development, which need to improve the legal system, rich incentive policies, clear quality standards and implement energy efficiency labeling.

Potential application of radiant floor cooling systems for residential buildings in different climate zones

A radiant floor cooling system(RFCS)is a high-comfort and low energy consumption system suitable for residential buildings.Radiant floor systems usually work with fresh air,and their operating performance is affected by climatic conditions.Indoor and outdoor environmental disturbances and the system’s control strategy affect the indoor thermal comfort and energy efficiency of the system.Firstly,a multi-story residential building model was established in this study.Transient system simulation program was used to study the operation dynamics of three control strategies of the RFCS based on the calibrated model.Then,the performance of the control strategies in five climate zones in China were compared using multi-criteria decision-making in combination.The results show that control strategy has a negligible effect on condensation risk,but the thermal comfort and economic performance differ for different control strategies.The adaptability of different control strategies varies in different climate zones based on the consideration of multiple factors.The performance of the direct-ground cooling source system is better in Hot summer and warm winter zone.The variable air volume control strategy scores higher in Serve cold and Temperate zones,and the hours exceeding thermal comfort account for less than 3%of the total simulation period.Therefore,it is suggested to choose the RFCS control strategy for residential buildings according to the climate zone characteristics,to increase the energy savings.Our results provide a reliable reference for implementing RFCSs in residential buildings.

A Framework to Promote Energy Efficiency as a Solution to the Energy Problem in Egypt

Egypt has been facing a vast power crisis in the past few years. A dilemma is projected to surge on the long run if not properly dealt with. The power sector is totally dependent on fuel, which is a primary source of energy in Egypt, and since the production of energy is not equivalent to the rising demand, so it becomes a major cause behind the power crisis. Efforts so far had been concentrating on the supply side, while neglecting an equally important part of the equation presumed by the demand side. On the other hand, energy efficiency is fast becoming an integral part of the demand, where the residential sector in Egypt plays a very important part with around 47% of power consumption, making it the highest sector consuming energy from the demand side, and hence presents a good opportunity to investigate in term of energy efficiency and the promotion of its applications in order to solve the energy problem, so that later the same concept can be applied in other sectors for a holistic solution to the both the power and the energy problem in Egypt. This study will focus on generating a political framework to promote energy efficiency as a solution to the energy problem in Egypt at end-user’s level.

Sustainable Energy Potential in the Egyptian Residential Sector

This paper presents an overview of sustainable energy investment potential in the Egyptian Residential Building sector. It demonstrates an analysis of the problems that faces the residential sector, house hold consumption and overview of the building construction, energy and renovation. The paper summaries the Egyptian EE （energy efficiency） policies and measures and the possibility to uses and finance that face EE and RE （renewable energy） policies to overcome the Barriers to enhance the Egyptian economy specially in the residential sector.

Passive Cooling Strategies in Greening Existing Residential Building in Hot Dry Climate： Case Study in Bahrain

This paper will present several passive-cooling technologies and design features that can be adopted to reduce building heat gain without the need of excess energy consumption. A typical residential unit will be selected as case study and a three basic passive cooling strategies were selected to enhance the building envelop, as well as using appropriate shading devices and green roofing system that prove to be a good environment quality improver. IES energy simulation software will be used to evaluate the performance of the building. The study revealed a number of significant findings in reducing the energy consumption and enhancing the tenants＇ thermal comfort. American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Airconditioning Engineer （ASHRAE） standards specially via improving the performance of building envelop because it is the interface between internal and external environment. Moreover, improving the building envelope has recorded that overall energy and chiller energy consumption can be reduced up to 10.8% and 21.6% respectively, Therefore, it is anticipated that further reductions can be achieved via applying more passive cooling strategies. Finally, it could argue that the results of this paper will not only be applicable to Bahrain but also many countries that have similar climatic and environmental context.

夏热冬冷地区居住建筑辐射型反射隔热涂料节能设计方法研究

辐射型反射隔热涂料在夏热冬冷地区居住建筑中的应用案例越来越多,其节能设计方法备受关注。等效热阻法是目前反射隔热涂料热工设计的标准方法,但相关文献研究指出,涂覆于非透明材料上的隔热涂料应采用太阳光直接反射比作为隔热评价指标,不宜用等效热阻来评价。通过上海某6层住宅建筑探讨了夏热冬冷地区居住建筑外墙采用辐射型反射隔热涂料的节能效果及其传热系数、太阳辐射吸收系数和表面发射率之间的关系,对比分析了采用参数直接计算与等效热阻法计算能耗结果,结果表明:1)辐射型反射隔热涂料隔热机理与反射隔热涂料差异明显;2)辐射型反射隔热涂料节能效果不适宜采用等效热阻法进行节能效果评价;3)辐射型反射隔热涂料墙体冬季保温热阻设计应充分考虑其对墙体温度的负面影响。

基于能耗模拟的湖北地区既有农宅围护结构改造方案比选研究

为了改善湖北地区现有农村住房结构老化、围护结构热工性能不佳导致的住宅能耗增加及室内热环境差等问题,本研究致力于对湖北地区典型农宅的围护结构进行改造。研究采用能耗模拟软件Ecotect对不同围护结构改造方案的节能效率进行定量分析,并运用熵值法和多因素正交实验分析了16种具有代表性的改造方案,优选出兼顾节能性和经济性的最佳方案。结果表明,单因素改造方案的节能效果排序为:屋顶改造>门窗改造>外墙改造。在熵值法下的多因素组合改造方案初选中,节能率、节能改造方案初投资、节能改造收益、静态投资回收期及净现值(NPV)的所占权重分别为0.2、0.26、0.21、0.14和0.19。该研究为湖北地区现有农宅的节能改造提供了新的思路,并在围护结构改造方案优选中具有一定的参考价值。

一种值得深化探究的项目主动治理模式——《既有建筑节能改造项目风险共担与激励协同机理研究》书评

郭汉丁教授的著作《既有建筑节能改造项目风险共担与激励协同机理研究》,是一部基于项目主动治理模式探索的新成果,架构了逻辑关联的风险共担与激励协同框架体系,探究了行为联系的风险共担与激励协同核心要素,论证了内在本质的风险共担与激励协同见解观点,体现了体系完整、视角独特、观点明确的基本特征。

河南农村建筑能效提升改造

为了解目前河南省农村建筑的节能发展现状,对河南省农村现有建筑围护结构的热工性能进行了调研和总结。结果表明,既有农村建筑的墙体、屋面和门窗等的热工性能整体较差,导致供暖和制冷能耗很大。选取典型河南省农村建筑进行了围护结构改造设计,利用PKPM软件对改造前后的建筑能效提升率和经济性进行了计算和对比,分析得出可依据屋面、外墙、外门窗的优先顺序来确定既有农村建筑能效提升路线。其中:对屋面进行改造,其能效提升率相对较高、成本较低,保温层厚度可选取大于50 mm;对外墙进行改造,保温层厚度可选取大于40 mm,当有多面外墙需要改造时,优先改造北面墙。该改造方案可为既有农村建筑的节能改造提供参考,达到节能的目的。

基于十年前后能耗调研的长沙地区既有住宅节能改造策略研究

长沙地区既有住宅节能改造存在居民改造意愿不强、节能改造效果不明显等问题。分别于2008年、2009年和2019年、2020年调研了湖南大学周边近35栋住宅的围护结构、家电情况与400余户居民终端用电量,采用K-means聚类法将总用电量、采暖、制冷、生活用电量分别进行聚类并计算界限值、平均值等参数,进而分析十年前后居民用电量变化规律,提出改善室内热环境与减少制冷能耗为该地区既有住宅节能改造的重要目标。对既有住宅用电量进行宏观情景预测,论证了既有住宅建筑围护结构节能改造的必要性,分析节能改造意愿不强的原因,结合目前改造现状提出适宜的相关策略。对同等气候区既有住宅节能改造具有一定参考价值。

建筑-交通-能源(BVG)融合的探索应用

随着国家双碳战略的推进,建筑、交通、能源等行业的绿色化、低碳化转型稳步推进。建筑-交通-能源(BVG)融合发展,为建筑行业的低碳化发展提供了前所未有的发展机遇。本文以惠州中建科工绿色科技零能耗办公楼为例,进行了具体的分析与判断。结果显示,光储直柔及建筑-交通-能源(BVG)融合发展,可以降低建筑碳排放,具有重要的意义。

民居建筑节能评价模型研究——以胶东民居为例

本文基于对居住需求与民居设计的关注,以胶东民居建筑为对象,从建筑设计因素与居住者需求两维度创建综合节能评价体系,构建节能评价模型,借助招远市段家洼村某民居进行评价,分析民居节能设计的合理性对室内温度、建造成本造成的影响,发现不利于节能的设计因素与未满足居住者需求的消极因素,为民居的节能设计和居民福祉的提升提供参考。

EPC模式下既有建筑节能改造项目收益特征、主体诉求与收益分配基本原理

EPC模式下既有建筑节能改造项目收益分配机制是项目实施运行的基础。以既有建筑节能改造项目为对象,从收益构成与内在特征解析入手,从主体构成与利益诉求阐述切入,基于收益分配价值特性、基本原则和实施流程3个层面阐明既有建筑节能改造项目收益分配基本原理。