Android applications are becoming increasingly powerful in recent years. While their functionality is still of paramount importance to users, the energy efficiency of these applications is also gaining more and more a...Android applications are becoming increasingly powerful in recent years. While their functionality is still of paramount importance to users, the energy efficiency of these applications is also gaining more and more attention. Researchers have discovered various types of energy defects in Android applications, which could quickly drain the battery power of mobile devices. Such defects not only cause inconvenience to users, but also frustrate Android developers as diagnosing the energy inefficiency of a software product is a non-trivial task. In this work, we perform a literature review to understand the state of the art of energy inefficiency diagnosis for Android applications. We identified 55 research papers published in recent years and classified existing studies from four different perspectives, including power estimation method, hardware component, types of energy defects, and program analysis approach. We also did a cross-perspective analysis to summarize and compare our studied techniques. We hope that our review can help structure and unify the literature and shed light on future research, as well as drawing developers' attention to build energy-efficient Android applications.展开更多
A novel sextuple hydrogen-bonding （HB） self-assembly molecular duplex bearing red-emitting perylene diimide （PDI） fluorophores, namely PDIHB, was synthesized, and its molecular structure was confirmed by IH NMR, 1...A novel sextuple hydrogen-bonding （HB） self-assembly molecular duplex bearing red-emitting perylene diimide （PDI） fluorophores, namely PDIHB, was synthesized, and its molecular structure was confirmed by IH NMR, 13C NMR, TOF-MS and 2D NMR. Compared with the small molecular reference compound PDI, PDIItB shows one time enhanced fluorescence efficiency in solid state （4.1% vs. 2.1%）. More importantly, the presence of bulky HB oli- goamide strands in PDIHB could trigger effective spatial separation between guest and host fluorophores in thin solid film state, hence inefficient energy transfer occurs between the blue-emitting host 2TPhNII/B and red guest PDIHB in the 2 wt% guest/host blending film. As a result, a solution-processed organic light-emitting diode （OLED） with quite simple device structure of ITO/PEDOT：PSS （40 nm）/PVK （40 nm）/PDIHB （2 wt%）： 2TPhNII-IB （50 nm）/LiF （0.8 nm）/A1 （100 nm） could emit bias-independent warm-white electroluminescence with stable Commission Intemationale de L＇Eclairage coordinates of （0.42, 0.33）, and the maximum brightness and current efficiency of this device are 260 cdom-2 and 0.49 cd·A-1, respectively. All these results indicated that HB self-assembly supramolecular fluorophores could act as prospective materials for white OLED application.展开更多
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2021A1515012297)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(R2020A045)the Open Project of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High-Performance Computing(2021).
文摘Android applications are becoming increasingly powerful in recent years. While their functionality is still of paramount importance to users, the energy efficiency of these applications is also gaining more and more attention. Researchers have discovered various types of energy defects in Android applications, which could quickly drain the battery power of mobile devices. Such defects not only cause inconvenience to users, but also frustrate Android developers as diagnosing the energy inefficiency of a software product is a non-trivial task. In this work, we perform a literature review to understand the state of the art of energy inefficiency diagnosis for Android applications. We identified 55 research papers published in recent years and classified existing studies from four different perspectives, including power estimation method, hardware component, types of energy defects, and program analysis approach. We also did a cross-perspective analysis to summarize and compare our studied techniques. We hope that our review can help structure and unify the literature and shed light on future research, as well as drawing developers' attention to build energy-efficient Android applications.
文摘A novel sextuple hydrogen-bonding （HB） self-assembly molecular duplex bearing red-emitting perylene diimide （PDI） fluorophores, namely PDIHB, was synthesized, and its molecular structure was confirmed by IH NMR, 13C NMR, TOF-MS and 2D NMR. Compared with the small molecular reference compound PDI, PDIItB shows one time enhanced fluorescence efficiency in solid state （4.1% vs. 2.1%）. More importantly, the presence of bulky HB oli- goamide strands in PDIHB could trigger effective spatial separation between guest and host fluorophores in thin solid film state, hence inefficient energy transfer occurs between the blue-emitting host 2TPhNII/B and red guest PDIHB in the 2 wt% guest/host blending film. As a result, a solution-processed organic light-emitting diode （OLED） with quite simple device structure of ITO/PEDOT：PSS （40 nm）/PVK （40 nm）/PDIHB （2 wt%）： 2TPhNII-IB （50 nm）/LiF （0.8 nm）/A1 （100 nm） could emit bias-independent warm-white electroluminescence with stable Commission Intemationale de L＇Eclairage coordinates of （0.42, 0.33）, and the maximum brightness and current efficiency of this device are 260 cdom-2 and 0.49 cd·A-1, respectively. All these results indicated that HB self-assembly supramolecular fluorophores could act as prospective materials for white OLED application.
