Crosstalk between degradation and bioenergetics: how autophagy and endolysosomal processes regulate energy production

Cells undergo metabolic reprogramming to adapt to changes in nutrient availability, cellular activity, and transitions in cell states. The balance between glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration is crucial for energy production, and metabolic reprogramming stipulates a shift in such balance to optimize both bioenergetic efficiency and anabolic requirements. Failure in switching bioenergetic dependence can lead to maladaptation and pathogenesis. While cellular degradation is known to recycle precursor molecules for anabolism, its potential role in regulating energy production remains less explored. The bioenergetic switch between glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration involves transcription factors and organelle homeostasis, which are both regulated by the cellular degradation pathways. A growing body of studies has demonstrated that both stem cells and differentiated cells exhibit bioenergetic switch upon perturbations of autophagic activity or endolysosomal processes. Here, we highlighted the current understanding of the interplay between degradation processes, specifically autophagy and endolysosomes, transcription factors, endolysosomal signaling, and mitochondrial homeostasis in shaping cellular bioenergetics. This review aims to summarize the relationship between degradation processes and bioenergetics, providing a foundation for future research to unveil deeper mechanistic insights into bioenergetic regulation.

Labeling of Energy Efficiency in China to Be Expanded to 20 Categories of Products

Mr. Wang Ruohong,director of the Energy Efficiency Management Center of the China Institute for Standardization, expressed in the "High-efficiency and Energy-saving Electric Appliance Promotion Quarter"that compulsory labeling of energy efficiency will be continued in China on frequency-converting air-conditioners, gas heaters, electric heaters and electromagnetic ovens. By the end of the "11th Five Year", compulsory labeling of energy efficiency will be expanded to include 20 categories of products, including household appliances, automobiles, architecture, motors, and offices. Labeling in other industries will continue, but the number of levels will be reduced from the current five to three.……

Experimental Investigation of the Stability of the Performance Characteristics of a Photovoltaic Module in the Face of Environmental and Meteorological Factors

The explosive technological improvement of photovoltaic systems as well as the necessity of populations to come to less expensive energy sources, that have led to an implosion at the level of solar panel manufacturers. This causes a large flow of these equipments to developing countries where the need is high, without any quality control. That conducted an experimental investigation on the performance characteristics of a 250 wp monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic module in other to check the verification and quality control. Most of these PV panels which often have missing informations are manufactured and tested in places that are inadequate for our environmental and meteorological conditions. Also, their influences on the stability of internal parameters were evaluated in order to optimize their performance. The results obtained at maximum illumination (1000 w/m2) confirmed those produced by the manufacturer. The analysis of these characteristics showed that the illumination and the temperature (meteorological factors) influenced at most the stability of the internal characteristics of the module in the sense that the maximum power increased very rapidly beyond 750 w/m2 but a degradation of performance was accentuated for a temperature of the solar cells exceeding 50°C. The degradation coefficients were evaluated at -0.0864 V/°C for the voltage and at -1.6248 w/°C for the power. The 10° inclination angle of the solar panel proved to be ideal for optimizing overall efficiency in practical situations.

Impact Factors of Energy Productivity in China: An Empirical Analysis

This article developed a decomposition model of energy productivity on the basis of the economic growth model. Four factors were considered which may influence China’s energy productivity according to this model: technology improvement, resource allocation structure, industrial structure and institute arrangement. Then, an econometric model was employed to test the four factors empirically on the basis of China’s statistical data from 1978 to 2004. Results indicated that capital deepening con- tributes the most (207%) to energy efficiency improvement, and impact from labor forces (13%) is the weakest one in resource factor; industrial structure (7%) and institute innovation (9.5%) positively improve the energy productivity.

Functions of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium in Energy Status and Their Influences on Rice Growth and Development

Nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)are important essential nutrients for plant growth and development,but their functions in energy status remains unclear.Here,we grew Nipponbare rice seedlings in a growth chamber for 20 d at 30℃/24℃day/night)under natural sunlight conditions with different nutrient regimes.The results showed that N had the strongest influence on the plant growth and development,followed by P and K.The highest nonstructural carbohydrate content,dry matter weight,net photosynthetic rate(Pn),ATP content,as well as NADH dehydrogenase,cytochrome oxidase and ATPase activities were found in the plants that received sufficient N,P and K.The lowest values of these parameters were detected in the N-deficient plants.Higher dry matter accumulation was observed in the K-deficient than in the P-deficient treatments,but there was no significant difference in the ratio of respiration rate to Pn between these two treatments,suggesting that differences in energy production efficiency may have accounted for this result.This hypothesis was confirmed by higher ATP contents and activities of NADH dehydrogenase,cytochrome oxidase and ATPase in the K-deficient plants than in the P-deficient plants.We therefore inferred different abilities in energy production efficiency among N,P and K in rice seedlings,which determined rice plant growth and development.

Relation between oxidation microstructure and the maximum energy product loss of a Sm_2Co_(17) magnet oxidized at 500℃

The oxidation microstructure and maximum energy product （BH）max loss of a 8m（Co0.76, Fe0.1, Cu0.1, Zr0.04）7 magnet oxidized at 500 ℃ were systematically investigated. Three different oxidation regions were formed in the oxidized magnet： a continuous externM oxide scale, an internal reaction layer, and a diffusion zone. Both room-temperature and high-temperature （BH）max losses exhibited the same parabolic increase with oxidation time. An oxygen diffusion model was proposed to simulate the dependence of （BH）max loss on oxidation time. It is found that the external oxide scale has little effect on the （BH）max loss, and both the internal reaction layer and diffusion zone result in the （BH）max loss. Moreover, the diffusion zone leads to more （BH）max loss than the internal reaction layer. The values of the oxidation rate constant k for internal reaction layer and oxygen diffusion coefficient D for diffusion zone were obtained, which are about 1.91×10^-10 cm^2/s and 6.54×10^-11 cm^2/s, respectively.

Cameroon Green Energy Potentials: Field Survey of Production, Physico-Chemical Analyses of Palm Kernel Oil for Industrial Applications

This paper reports a field survey undertaken to determine the availability of raw material for palm kernel oil commercial production for industrial applications. Both industrial and artisanal wastes from palm kernel oil production were also surveyed as raw material (palm kernel seeds) for green energy production. Results of the field study show that 22% of palm kernel seeds (which represents tons of waste) resulting from palm oil processing plants are dumped while at the artisanal level, 80% of palm kernel seed waste is dumped. Analysis of field study data shows that large amounts of waste palm kernel seeds are available to enable large scale production of palm kernel oil (PKO) for desirable industrial applications in green energy production. The paper also reports on the physical and chemical properties of Cameroon palm kernel oil (PKO). Palm kernel oil was extracted using mechanical press and solvent extraction. The palm kernel oil (PKO) from Cameroon was analyzed by standard physico-chemical methods. Results of the physical measurements show a specific gravity of PKO of 0.92 kg/L, viscosity of 26.03 cSt and at 5.93 cSt at 40°C and 100°C respectively, viscosity index of 185, pour point of 20°C, cloud point of 29°C, flash point of 200°C, aniline point of 105°F, diesel index of 23, cetane number of 27 and ASTM (American Standards for Testing and Materials) color of less than 2.5. Results of chemical analyses showed an acid value of 17.95 mg KOH/g, free fatty acid (FFA) content of 8.98 mg KOH/g, iodine value of 2.10 mg I2/g, peroxide value of 2.10 meq/kg, ester value of 123.0 mg KOH/g, hydroxyl value of 93.4 mg OH/g, saponification value of 140.95 mg KOH/g and a sulfur content of 0.016% w/v, signifying low sulfur content. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) showed the palm kernel oil to be predominantly made up of glycerides of various fatty acids with higher proportions of C12 to C16 fatty acid residues. Cameroon PKO therefore has a broad spectrum of industrial applications by virtue of its rich physical and chemical properties.

China's energy, environment and policy perspective

This paper discusses the specific features of the energy in China, and addresses those key challenges in China is that the co\|exist of (1) higher total energy production and lower per capita level; (2) lower per capita energy resources level with unrational energy consumption structure; (3) lower energy utilization efficiency and higher energy conservation potential; and (4) unequal distribution of energy resources. It reviews the key environmental problems related to the feature of energy production and consumption. Based on the analysis, the author furthers addresses the policy and actions needed.

STUDIES ON PROCESS AND STABILITY OF BONDED Sm_2TM_(17)MAGNETS WITH HIGH COERCIVITY AND HIGH ENERGY PRODUCT

The process of the epoxy-bonded Sm_2TM_(17) magnets includes:(1)after melting,the ingots are treated by solid soluiion,and then aged and pulverized;(2)the obtained alloy powder is mixed with epoxy resin bind- er;(3)the mixture is pressed in a magnetic field;(4)the compacts are cured.When the SmCo_(4.9)Fe_(2.7)Cu_(0.54)Zr_(0.13) alloy is heat treated and pressed with optimum pressing parameters,the high quality bonded magnets with B_r=8250 G,_iH_c=13000 Oe,and(BH)_(max)=16MGOe can be obtained.The stability of the magnets is studied also.The irreversible loss of O.C.(open circuit)remanence B_r in the temperature range between 25 and 150℃,is less than 4%.The average temperature coefficient at temperatures between 25 and 70℃ is-0.03%/℃.The magnets obtained have heat resistance up to 130℃ even in long-term service, and have good corrosion resistance in acid,alkali and salt solutions.

Short-Term Wind Energy Forecasting Using Deep Learning-Based Predictive Analytics

Wind energy is featured by instability due to a number of factors,such as weather,season,time of the day,climatic area and so on.Furthermore,instability in the generation of wind energy brings new challenges to electric power grids,such as reliability,flexibility,and power quality.This transition requires a plethora of advanced techniques for accurate forecasting of wind energy.In this context,wind energy forecasting is closely tied to machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL)as emerging technologies to create an intelligent energy management paradigm.This article attempts to address the short-term wind energy forecasting problem in Estonia using a historical wind energy generation data set.Moreover,we taxonomically delve into the state-of-the-art ML and DL algorithms for wind energy forecasting and implement different trending ML and DL algorithms for the day-ahead forecast.For the selection of model parameters,a detailed exploratory data analysis is conducted.All models are trained on a real-time Estonian wind energy generation dataset for the first time with a frequency of 1 h.The main objective of the study is to foster an efficient forecasting technique for Estonia.The comparative analysis of the results indicates that Support Vector Machine(SVM),Non-linear Autoregressive Neural Networks(NAR),and Recurrent Neural Network-Long-Term Short-Term Memory(RNNLSTM)are respectively 10%,25%,and 32%more efficient compared to TSO’s forecasting algorithm.Therefore,RNN-LSTM is the best-suited and computationally effective DL method for wind energy forecasting in Estonia and will serve as a futuristic solution.

Copper Oxide Inked with Dye Obtained from the Lactarius Indigo Fungus for Energy Production

The results obtained from the characterization of a copper deposit on indium doped tin oxide (ITO), inked with natural dye extracted from the Lactarius indigo fungus, for use in Gratzel type solar cells are reported. An electrolyte composed of 0.1 M HNO3 and 0.5 M CuSO4 was used, this solution was prepared for copper deposits on the ITO. Cyclic voltammetry was performed at different scan rates to obtain the reduction zone for deposition between potentials of ?100 to ?500 mV. The dye was obtained from the indigo Lactarius fungus from maceration, once the inked deposits were obtained, characterizations were performed, the initial test was to obtain the Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-visible) of the pure dye, and later the same test was performed on the inked oxide. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) was performed on the samples, as well as Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), to characterize the material properties for its application.

Direct Energy Production From Hydrogen Sulfide in Black Sea Water-Electrochemical Study

A sulfide driven fuel cell is proposed to clean the Black Sea with the simultaneous A sulfide driven fuel cell is proposed to clean the Black Sea with the simultaneous production of energy.The process is hopeful even at low sulfide concentrations,i.e.10 to 25 mg/l being close to the ones in the Black Sea water.The main problem for the practical application of this type of fuel cell are the low current and power densities.The measurement of the generated electric current compared to the sulfide depletion show that the most probable anode reaction is oxidation of sulfide to sulfate.It is evident that parasite competitive reactions oxidation of sulfide occurs in the anode compartment of the fuel cell.The pH measurements shows that the transfer of hydroxylic anions from the cathodic compartment to the anodic one across the separating membrane is not fast enough to compensate its drop in the anode compartment.

Energy Analysis in Irrigated Sugarcane Schemes of Awash River Basin, Ethiopia

Sugarcane is one of the important irrigated crops in Ethiopia and its production is highly linked with its energy and water use. In this paper, identifications and quantifications of input and output, direct and indirect energy sources, and energy use of farm operations were carried out on 11 irrigation schemes of Awash River Basin. In order to grow 91.8 to 167.6 tons of cane, 47.9 to 143.4 GJ/ha of total energy was used. Average total input energies of gravity, pump surface and sprinkler scheme categories to grow 109.8, 112.7 and 136.3 ton/ha were 53.6, 68.9 and 129.2 GJ/ha, respectively. Around 90% and 74% total energies of gravity surface and sprinkler schemes were consumed as direct and indirect energies, respectively. Irrigation found to be the most energy consuming operation constituting more than 50% input energy of all scheme categories. Energy efficiency of gravity schemes was 152% and 300% higher than pump driven surface and sprinkler schemes. Energy sequestrated in cane straws burned during harvesting found to be higher than fertilizer and pumping energy demands. Use of cane straws as manure and energy sources have the potential to substitute demands which in turn needs further investigations and analysis.

An Energy Saving Glass Deep Processing Line Put into Production in Hubei

On July 16, 2013, the first low-E energy saving glass deep processing line of Hubei Zhongyi Glass Co., Ltd. was put into production in Changyang County of Hubei Province. Low-E glass is a kind of new glass featured with good lighting, thermal insulation, and ultraviolet radiation resistance. So far contracts worth about CNY 50 million have been signed.

Molybdenum disulfide as hydrogen evolution catalyst:From atomistic to materials structure and electrocatalytic performance

Hydrogen production via water electrolysis defines the novel energy vector for achieving a sustainable society.However,the true progress of the given technology is hindered by the sluggish and complex hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)occurring at the cathodic side of the system where overpriced and scarce Pt-based electrocatalysts are usually employed.Therefore,efficient platinum group metals(PGMs)-free electrocatalysts to carry out HER with accelerated kinetics are urgently demanded.In this scenario,molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2))owing to efficacious structural attributes and optimum hydrogen-binding free energy(ΔG_(H*))is emerging as a reliable alternative to PGMs.However,the performance of MoS_(2)-based electrocatalysts is still far away from the benchmark performance.The HER activity of MoS_(2)can be improved by engineering the structural parameters i.e.,doping,defects inducement,modulating the electronic structure,stabilizing the 1 T phase,creating nanocomposites,and altering the morphologies using appropriate fabrication pathways.Here,we have comprehensively reviewed the majority of the scientific endeavors published in recent years to uplift the HER activity of MoS_(2)-based electrocatalysts using different methods.Advancements in the major fabrication strategies including hydrothermal synthesis methods,chemical vapor deposition,exfoliation techniques,plasma treatments,chemical methodologies,etc.to tune the structural parameters and hence their ultimate influence on the electrocatalytic activity in acidic and/or alkaline media have been thoroughly discussed.This study can provide encyclopedic insights about the fabrication routes that have been pursued to improve the HER performance of MoS_(2)-based electrocatalysts.

抚顺市农业光能资源及其利用(英文)

The solar global radiation from 1957 to 2006 was calculated in Fushun region and its seasonal,geographical and inter-annual variation were analyzed.Moreover,relationship between yield and solar energy use efficiency of rice,corn and soybean were analyzed concretely.The results showed that Fushun County had the most solar global radiation in Fushun region,while Xinbin County had the least.The solar global radiation in warm season accounted for 72% of the total solar radiation in one year.The maximum solar global radiation occurred in May,while theminimum value in December,with a period of 19 years.In addition,crop yield was proportional to solar energy use efficiency.

Forecasting of China's natural gas production and its policy implications

With the vigorous promotion of energy conservation and implementation of clean energy strategies,China＇s natural gas industry has entered a rapid development phase,and natural gas is playing an increasingly important role in China＇s energy structure.This paper uses a Generalized Weng model to forecast Chinese regional natural gas production,where accuracy and reasonableness compared with other predictions are enhanced by taking remaining estimated recoverable resources as a criterion.The forecast shows that China＇s natural gas production will maintain a rapid growth with peak gas of 323 billion cubic meters a year coming in 2036;in 2020,natural gas production will surpass that of oil to become a more important source of energy.Natural gas will play an important role in optimizing China＇s energy consumption structure and will be a strategic replacement of oil.This will require that exploration and development of conventional natural gas is highly valued and its industrial development to be reasonably planned.As well,full use should be made of domestic and international markets.Initiative should also be taken in the exploration and development of unconventional and deepwater gas,which shall form a complement to the development of China＇s conventional natural gas industry.

Generating Electricity from Mechanical Vibrations:Optimization of Linear a Generator

Energy preservation is one of the key components in developing eco-friendly machines.In industry,the majority of machines lose a considerable amount of energy through mechanical vibrations.However,the wasted energy through vibration can be utilized as a renewable energy source to compensate for the overall energy loss.The research work presented in this paper discusses the ability to design a linear power generator utilizing Nd Fe-B magnets,which can generate energy through mechanical vibrations.A pilot model was developed and simulated to understand the efficiency and limitation.The results showed that the model could reduce 14% rotor bulk with a marginal impact on the current generation.

High magnetic energy product in isotropic nanocomposite powders with high percent of soft phase towards ultrastrong magnets

Nanostructure of magnetically hard and soft materials is fascinating for exploring next-generation ul-trastrong permanent magnets with less expensive rare-earth elements.However,the resulting hard/soft nanocomposites often exhibit a low remanence/energy product due to the challenge in obtaining ideal phase components and appropriate soft phase fraction.In this work,a novel microstructure of multiple phases consisting of 1:5 phase and 1:3 phase as main hard phase,and a high ratio of Fe(Co)(27 wt.%-48 wt.%)as soft phase was obtained in Sm-Co(Fe)/Fe nanocomposite magnet.The grain size of both hard and soft phases below 15 nm was observed.The optimal energy product for Sm-Co(Fe)/Fe(Co)nanocom-posite is 2.1 times(an increment of 107%)of the corresponding single-hard-phase powders without soft phase.It reports that the isotropic nanocomposite powders exhibit a record of magnetic energy product larger than 25 MGOe(the highest value is 28.6 MGOe).The high performance and the microstructure achieved in this work for the isotropic powders will shed light on and provide a good premise for syn-thesizing high performance anisotropic bulk nanocomposite magnets.

DEPENDENCE OF MAGNETISM OF Nd-Fe-B SINTERMAGNETS ON ORIENTATION MAGNETIC FIELD

The effect of the orientation magnetic field on the permanent magnetism of Nd-Fe-B sintermagnets is investigated. The results show that the variation law of magnetism with orientation field obviously changes at the critical orientation field and the intensity of the orientation field should he determined by the dimension ratio of the magnet for effectively utilizing its magnetic energy product.