The Five-Year Plan: A new tool for energy saving and emissions reduction in China

China has achieved economic growth while great carbon emissions reduction in recent years. Amid China＇s effort to reduce emissions, the Five-Year Plans have guided and motivated local and foreign forces from the government, industries, and society to work together. This paper showed that a mediumehigh economic growth gate, industry structure adjustment, and energy structure adjustment, which are guaranteed under the Five-Year Plan, all contribute to energy saving in China. The economy entered a stable growing phase during the 12 th Five-Year Plan, while the economic growth rate declined to 7.8% from 11.2% in the 11 th Five-Year Plan. Simultaneously, the CO2 emissions growth rate declined from8.32%（2009-2012 mean） to 1.82%（2012-2014 mean）. Industrial structure adjustment canceled out nearly one-third of the CO2 emissions caused by economic growth. Under the 13 th Five-Year Plan, China will continue its energy saving efforts on the green development path, with greener quotas, a stricter implementation process, and more key projects.

Energy Saving and Emission Reduction Estimations of Electrified Railways in China

Based on the annual production data collected by the Statistic Center of the Ministry of Railways of the People＇s Republic of China, we calculated the energy saving and direct emission reductions of CO2, soot, SO2, CO, NOx and CnHm of electrified railways, and analyzed their dynamic characteristics during the period of 1975 2007. The results show that during this period, the annual mean values of energy saving is 1.23×10^6 tce, and direct emission reduction of CO2, soot, SO2, CO, NOx and CnHm are 4.267×10^6 t, 20.5×10^3 t, 3.0×10^3 t, 9.6×10^3 t, 67.9×10^3 t, and 6.9×10^3 t per year, respectively. The annual average increasing rates of energy saving is 139×10^3 tce, and direct emission reduction of CO2, soot, SO2, CO, NOx and CnHm are 483×10^3 t, 2.3×10^3 t, 0.34×10^3 t, 1.1×10^3 t, 7.7 ×10^3 t and 0.78×10^3 t per year, respectively. The electrified railways have played an important role in decreasing the energy consumption and air pollutant emissions of China＇s railway system. The results of this study could provide some reference knowledge for future reductions of energy consumption and waste gas emission in China＇s railway transportation.

Utilization of Livestock's Dejection as Biogas Origin in Building New Countryside in Heilongjiang Province--Developing Utilization of Biogas and Promoting Energy-saving and Emission Reduction

With the startup and execution of new socialistic countryside construction in Heilongjiang Province,the transition from castoff to resource is strengthened in the countryside,aiming at neat appearance of the countryside,clean production and saving energy.People produce biogas and provide the countryside with new energy by means of turning livestock＇s dejection into resources,composting of the plant and animal＇s leavings in the courtyard and even in the factory.It is helpful for the countryside to conserve the energy and reduce emission of the waste.And it also plays an important role in protecting the eco-environment,beautifying homestead and developing the ecological agriculture and so on.The liquid and solid residue in the biogas production can be reused as fertilizer for crops or food for animals after pretreatment,which is propitious to accelerate the development of the circular economy in Heilongjiang Province.

Energy savings and CO_2 emission reduction by using geothermal heat pumps

The renewable energy will play significant role in the world primary energy consumption in the future. Geothermal energy is immense with 5 000 EJ/a of technical potential, and geothermal heat pumps (GHPs) are one of the fastest growing applications of renewable energy in the world with annual increases of 10 % and much faster in China. With high coefficient of performance (COP) up to 6, GHPs make efficiency of primary energy more than 240 % with assumed a 40 % of electricity generation efficiency, which means energy savings and CO2 emission reduction. In this paper,the geothermal resources and its utilization are talked about, and GHPs technology was introduced. Due to its high efficiency, there will be energy savings by using GHPs. There is also CO2 emission reduction because of using geothermal heat pumps, which is analyzed in the end.

The development of slag processing technology and its impact on energy-saving and emission reduction in the metallurgical industry

This study provides an overview of the production and classification of metallurgical slag and its impact on energy-saving and emission reduction in the metallurgical industry and an analysis of the impact of key factors on slag processing technology, including a brief account of blast furnace（BF） slag processing and applications with a focus on the steel slag disposal processes and the features of some typical processes. In view of the characteristics of the basic oxygen furnace （BOF） slag and the technical difficulties faced by the traditional processes,it describes the principle,features and technical advantages of the Baosteel short-flow （BSSF） steel slag treatment process developed by Baosteel. The thinking and outlook on the direction of the development of the metallurgical slag processing process are stated.

A research of green taxation policy for promoting energy saving and emission reduction

It's been proved by theory and practice that taxation policy is one of the important means of realizing energy saving and emission reduction. The green taxation system in the Western countries has got better effects in energy saving and environmental protection. In the recent years, China has in succession released some taxation policies promoting energy saving and emission reduction, but still has a huge gap to meet the real needs of energy saving and emission reduction. By analyzing China's status quo of the polices of energy saving and emission reduction and drawing upon experiences of the developed countries about green taxation, this paper presents how to perfect ideas of China's energy saving and emission reduction taxation policies: adjusting taxes relevant to green taxation in the current taxation system, such as resource tax, consumer tax, and so on; collecting new environmental tax; perfecting the preferential taxation policies for the energy saving and environmental protection industries.

A multi-objective train-scheduling optimization model considering locomotive assignment and segment emission constraints for energy saving

Energy saving and emission reduction for railway systems should not only be studied from a technical perspective but should also be focused on management and economics. On the basis of relevant trainscheduling models for train operation management, in this paper we introduce an extended multi-objective trainscheduling optimization model considering locomotive assignment and segment emission constraints for energy saving. The objective of setting up this model is to reduce the energy and emission cost as well as total passenger- time. The decision variables include continuous variables such as train arrival and departure time, and binary vari- ables such as locomotive assignment and segment occu- pancy. The constraints are concerned with train movement, trip time, headway, and segment emission, etc. To obtain a non-dominated satisfactory solution on these objectives, a fuzzy multi-objective optimization algorithm is employed to solve the model. Finally, a numerical example is performed and used to compare the proposed model with the existing model. The results show that the proposed model can reduce the energy consumption, meet exhausts emission demands effectively by optimal locomotive assignment, and its solution methodology is effective.

Study on Objectives and Strategies for Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction in Transportation Industry during the 13th Five-Year Plan Period in Beijing

Facing increasing passenger and cargo transport demand and limited re-source in the 13th Five-Year period, how to make a breakthrough and substantial progress has become a key issue on planning and the Top-level Design. In this paper we judged and analyzed the current development and potential demand of the energy saving and emission reduction in Beijing traffic industry. Through application of energy and emission prediction model which based on the vehicle activity data, the development goals of “one drop, double control, and triple upgrade” have been put forward. In order to achieve the goal, “5 + 1” development strategies should be implemented, and we also proposed the thinking and recommendations on sustainable development of transportation.

Evaluation of Energy-Efficiency Standards for Room Air Conditioners in the US

This article describes an analysis of the energy and economic impacts of possible energy efficiency standards for room air conditioners on both U.S. consumers and the nation as a whole. We used two metrics to determine the effect of standards on a representative sample of U.S. consumers: life-cycle cost change and payback period. For the national impact analysis, we evaluated national energy savings attributable to each potential standard, the monetary value of the energy savings to consumers of room air conditioners, the increased total installed costs because of standards, and the net present value of the difference between the value of energy savings and increased total installed costs. Our analysis indicates that standards for room air conditioners at efficiency level 3, which is 17% more efficient than today’s typical unit in the case of room air conditioners less than 6000 Btu/h with louvers and 12% more efficient in the case of room air conditioners 8000 - 13,999 Btu/h with louvers, would save close to one quad of energy over 30 years and have a net present value of consumer benefit of between ?$0.14 billion and $1.82 billion, depending on the discount rate. In addition, such standards would reduce carbon dioxide emissions and NOx emissions.

A Self-Powered Energy-Saving Epidemic Prevention Tent

The current situation of the epidemic is complex and changeable.Under the China adherence to the“dynamic zero clearance,”epidemic prevention and control is closely related to all walks of life,and epidemic prevention awning has become one of the essential basic epidemic prevention facilities.However,most of the epidemic awnings are manufactured for the isolation and protection from wind and rain,which could not meet the needs of electricity allocation during emergencies.Therefore,our goal is to design a new energy-saving epidemic prevention tent that is green,stable,and easy to shrink.It is equipped with multiple energy storage and multivariate methods to achieve self-supply of electric energy.First the“1+1”arrangement design of solar power panels on the anti-epidemic tent and pressure power panels combined with the design of pressure power panels under the tent can receive various energy inputs.At the same time,retractable brackets are designed under the four pillars,which are easy to fold and enhance the stability of the canopy.The utilization of energy is more diversified to achieve the purpose of energy conservation and emission reduction.Its market value is broad,and the development prospect is good.

纯电驱挖掘机动臂与斗杆复合能量回收系统

为改善液压挖掘机能效,提出一种纯电驱挖掘机的动臂与斗杆复合能量回收系统。采用液压蓄能器作为储能单元,回收动臂下降和斗杆内收过程中的重力势能;能量再生过程中,蓄能器释放高压油驱动与电动机同轴连接的变排量液压马达,辅助主电机驱动主泵,减少电动机能耗。分析所提系统工作原理,建立系统数学模型和多学科联合仿真模型,对采用所提系统的动臂和斗杆运行特性、重力势能回收效果和节能效果进行分析。结果表明:与传统电液流量匹配系统相比,动臂重力势能回收利用效率为62.1%,主电机能耗减少36.3%;斗杆重力势能回收效率为48.5%,主电机能耗减少22.1%。

空气源热泵与市政热力双热源供暖系统设计与运行分析

介绍了北京市某项目的供暖节能改造,从减少投资成本、降低后期维护费用、缩短投资回收期及应对极端天气的角度,因地制宜地选择了低温空气源热泵与市政热力双热源运行方案。改造完成后,通过1个供暖季的运行,与传统市政蒸汽供暖系统相比,双热源供暖系统能源消耗总量减少了49.4%、供暖费用减少了650084.23元,充分验证了双热源供暖方案的节能减排效果,为供暖节能改造提供了新思路。

分段进水SBR工艺处理高负荷城镇污水

该文以某SBR工艺的城镇污水处理厂为研究对象,探讨了分段进水的工艺优化及自控系统的升级改造。结果表明,采用分段进水能有效解决高负荷城镇污水中氨氮降解迟滞的问题,减污降碳效果显著。在全流程分析中,分段等量进水相比于正常进水,其含氮污染物减少了41.9%。在实际运行过程中,出水水质得到进一步改善,处理水量及出水稳定性显著提高,处理水量同比增加12.0%,总氮去除率由88.2%提升至91.3%,COD污染物削减量增加1 061 t,同比提高24.3%。此外,分段进水在节能方面表现出显著优势,综合电单耗为0.427 kW·h/m^(3),同比降低5.32%;生产药剂中的碳源单耗减少13.28%,除磷药剂单耗降低8.97%。

节能减排技术在城市建设中的的应用分析

随着城市化进程的加速,城市化带来的能源消耗与环境污染问题日益严重。基于此,文章提出了一种基于改进YOLOv5s的城市道路照明节能控制系统,该系统通过高清摄像头、目标检测芯片、控制芯片和调光控制器的协同工作,以实现对城市路灯照明强度的智能调节。研究结果表明,相较于传统路灯,该系统能够降低35.2%的能耗,与无法调节输出功率的LED灯具相比,能耗降低了14.1%。

半导体自动化点胶设备加热结构能耗规律分析

随着微电子领域热熔胶广泛应用,加热设备能耗和效率成为生产考虑的必要因素,在提升加热效率和节能减排之间合理分配,对我国日益庞大的半导体产业具有重要意义。以半导体点胶生产常用热熔胶为试验对象,分析加热结构在不同加热功率下,胶水达到指定温度所需时间变化规律,得到加热结构随加热功率增加对加热效率的影响关系。研究结果表明,当加热功率达到或趋近某一临界值时,加热结构的能量耗散成为影响升温速度的主导因素,加热效率将不再增加。

带独立循环节能器的锅炉系统能效测试方法研究

在节能减排政策引导下,为确保完成节能减排目标,部分燃气锅炉系统采用了节能器独立循环系统,以达到回收锅炉尾部烟气余热目的。为了从理论上掌握此循环系统特点,对该系统采用了单独测量节能器换热量和将节能器及其系统视为整体计算换热量2种方法进行研究,可知采用单独测量节能器换热量的方法,虽然可以获得较为精确的测试结果,但测试和计算过程较为复杂;将节能器及其系统视为整体进行计算,现场测试较为简单,但需考虑水箱储热量和散热量。节能器独立循环系统的热工参数计量和计算在锅炉能效测试中较为重要,可直接影响测量结果。

CO_(2)回收液化技术在餐厨行业中的应用

推进碳达峰和碳中和目标,对保护全球气候和环境都有重大和积极的意义。通过实例阐述了二氧化碳(CO_(2))回收液化技术在餐厨行业中应用的可行性,项目每年可减少CO_(2)排放720 t,环境效益显著。同时按液态CO_(2)市场价约400元/t的价格,可形成年收益28.8万元。项目平均能耗272 k Wh/t,运行成本每天约为326.4元,折算年利润可达17万元,经济效果显著。

外墙节能技术在学校施工项目中的应用分析

研究以实训楼为背景,探讨了建筑外墙施工及外墙节能设计要点。在建筑物外墙施工中,为了保证建筑物坚固耐用,必须对材料的选用、施工工艺及质量进行严格控制。从外墙构造、外墙主断面传热修正系数、外墙平均热工作性等方面出发,对建筑外墙节能进行设计,以提高建筑外墙的隔热保温性能。

基于算力中心高效节能减排技术的应用研究

为贯彻绿色低碳发展理念,适应碳达峰、碳中和战略需要,数据中心管理急需智能化和自动化的节能减排技术措施。本文提出一套智能化的综合节电方案,将虚拟层及网管调度、服务器智能节能调节相结合,自动上电服务器,预估全年节省电费超百万级别。

基于节能的机舱通风系统设计

为了实现节能减排的目的,船舶在各个系统上都积极寻求优化设计,最大限度地实现节能。根据不同工况下主机运行的台数及负荷的大小对机舱通风系统进行优化设计,以达到节能的效果。通过在机舱中安装压差和温度传感器实时监控机舱状态并将信号反馈给中控系统;中控系统将信号值与系统设定值进行对比,输出相关命令给风机变频器,以实现对风机的启停及速度的调节。通过实船验证可知,风机可以根据环境反馈信号实现自动调节启停及风速大小,机舱通风系统在智能化及节能方面实现了优化。此种设计可为船舶机舱通风系统的智能优化设计提供参考。