Exploration and Application Practice of Energy Conservation Theory and Method in Steel Manufacturing Process System

This article briefly discusses the theoretical basis and overall goals of energy conservation in the steel manufacturing process system.It is proposed that in the process of implementing system energy conservation,it is necessary to fully recognize and utilize the characteristics and functional advantages of the steel manufacturing process,pay more attention to energy quality,firmly grasp the overall goal of system optimization,focus on the integrated optimization of gas,steam,and waste heat systems,and propose the idea of constructing a"steel chemi-cal gas electricity heating cooling multi generation system".Based on practice,the main principles,models,and effects of implementing systematic energy conservation in steel enterprises have been proposed.

Assessment of the Implementation of Energy Conservation Opportunities Arising from Energy Audits;A Study of Four-Star and Five-Star Hotels in Nairobi Kenya

This study assesses the implementation of energy conservation opportunities in four-star and five-star hotels in Nairobi. The Covid-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the Hospitality Industry. Currently, there is a growing inclination to furnish guests with superior and sustainable services in an energy-efficient and eco-friendly way. Comprehensive research was conducted from energy audits gathered from the establishments and contracted auditing companies, on top of this, hotel staff were given digital questionnaires. To add to the data, the researcher surveyed the hotels with engineering managers. The Energy Audits found that all 10 hotels had adopted Energy Conservation Opportunities (ECOs). After further analysis, the mean adoption rate of Energy Conservation Opportunities (ECOs) during the past three years was 55.83%, which was below the aim of 100%. According to studies, hotel staff manages energy to cut costs. The researcher found that hotels use up a lot of energy. However, they have conservation potential, depending on government policies, costs, ease of implementation, and management commitment to sustainable practices. Essentially, Energy Conservation Opportunities (ECOs) reduce energy expenditures and boost reliable revenues, especially during high energy prices and uncertainty.

Analysis of Current Research and Future Development Trends of Applying Solar Energy in Street Lighting

In the context of promoting green energy transition and addressing climate change globally,solar energy,as a clean and renewable energy source,has gradually become a hot topic for research.Solar streetlight systems realize energy self-sufficiency and environment-friendly lighting by integrating photovoltaic power generation technology and efficient LED lighting technology.By comprehensively analyzing the current status of the application of solar streetlights at home and abroad,this paper discusses its technical advantages,market penetration,and challenges in its development.In terms of technical characteristics,this paper focuses on analyzing the key technologies such as energy conversion efficiency and intelligent control systems of solar streetlights.

Light-Material Interactions Using Laser and Flash Sources for Energy Conversion and Storage Applications

This review provides a comprehensive overview of the progress in light-material interactions(LMIs),focusing on lasers and flash lights for energy conversion and storage applications.We discuss intricate LMI parameters such as light sources,interaction time,and fluence to elucidate their importance in material processing.In addition,this study covers various light-induced photothermal and photochemical processes ranging from melting,crystallization,and ablation to doping and synthesis,which are essential for developing energy materials and devices.Finally,we present extensive energy conversion and storage applications demonstrated by LMI technologies,including energy harvesters,sensors,capacitors,and batteries.Despite the several challenges associated with LMIs,such as complex mechanisms,and high-degrees of freedom,we believe that substantial contributions and potential for the commercialization of future energy systems can be achieved by advancing optical technologies through comprehensive academic research and multidisciplinary collaborations.

ENERGY CONSERVATION FOR THE WEAK SOLUTIONS TO THE 3D COMPRESSIBLE NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTAL FLOW

In this paper,we establish some regularity conditions on the density and velocity fields to guarantee the energy conservation of the weak solutions for the three-dimensional compressible nematic liquid crystal flow in the periodic domain.

Energy Saving Analysis of Coal Gas Resource Utilization in Iron and Steel Enterprises

The article discusses the preparation of a gas balance sheet,as well as the recovery,storage,transporta-tion,and use of gas.An analysis was conducted on the occurrence and consumption quotas of various gas media,and specific energy-saving measures were elaborated for each process.This provides a theoretical reference for saving gas and reducing energy consumption in steel enterprises.

Optimizing Storage for Energy Conservation in Tracking Wireless Sensor Network Objects

The amount of needed control messages in wireless sensor networks(WSN)is affected by the storage strategy of detected events.Because broadcasting superfluous control messages consumes excess energy,the network lifespan can be extended if the quantity of control messages is decreased.In this study,an optimized storage technique having low control overhead for tracking the objects in WSN is introduced.The basic concept is to retain observed events in internal memory and preserve the relationship between sensed information and sensor nodes using a novel inexpensive data structure entitled Ordered Binary Linked List(OBLL).Whenever an object passes over the sensor area,the recognizing sensor can immediately produce an OBLL along the object’s route.To retrieve the entire information,the OBLL can be traversed with logarithmic complexity which is much less than the traversing complexity of existing linked list structures.Performance evaluation and simulations were carried out to ensure that the suggested technique minimizes the number of messages and thus saving energy and extending the network life.

Application Research and Case Analysis of Green Technology in Building Engineering under the Direction of Energy Conservation Demands

With the rapid development of the economy,the scale of construction projects in China is gradually expanding.In terms of construction technology,continuous innovation is being made to meet the needs of sustainable development strategies,and green energy conservation technologies have emerged.It has a brand new design concept,and advocates for maximum energy conservation and environmental protection,fundamentally promoting the rational use of resources and space,and preventing the expansion of air and land pollution.First of all,a brief explanation is given on the current development status of green energy conservation technology in this paper.Secondly,through the introduction and analysis of energy conservation technologies and related building cases,the in-depth research on energy conservation measures of buildings is conducted.Finally,the prospects of green energy conservation technologies are proposed based on the current development status in China.This paper has certain reference value for its related engineering and theoretical research.

How do energy policies affect industrial green development in China:Renewable energy,energy conservation,or industrial upgrading?

The industrial sector has accounted for approximately 70%of China's total energy consumption over the past 30 years.Achieving green development is thus an important strategic goal of the Chinese industrial sector.The Chinese government has adopted various energy policies to facilitate industrial green development.Due to their different goals,these policies may have different impacts on the promotion of green development in the industrial sector.Using panel data on 31 provinces from 2007 to 2014,we examine the effects of three types of energy policies—renewable energy,energy conservation,and industrial upgrading—on industrial green development in China,measured using reduced energy intensity.Our empirical findings suggest that all three types facilitate industrial green development.However,effectiveness varies by policy type and region.Renewable energy and energy conservation policies have stronger impacts than policies aiming at upgrading traditional fossil fuel industries.Moreover,it takes longer for the effectiveness of industrial upgrading policies to be manifested,compared with the other two types.We discuss the implications of these empirical findings for future policymaking in promoting industrial green development.

An IoT-Based Energy Conservation Smart Classroom System

With the increase of energy consumption worldwide in several domains such as industry,education,and transportation,several technologies played an influential role in energy conservation such as the Internet of Things(IoT).In this article,we describe the design and implementation of an IoT-based energy conser-vation smart classroom system that contributes to energy conservation in the edu-cation domain.The proposed system not only allows the user to access and control IoT devices(e.g.,lights,projectors,and air conditions)in real-time,it also has the capability to aggregate the estimated energy consumption of an IoT device,the smart classroom,and the building based on the energy consumption and cost model that we propose.Moreover,the proposed model aggregates the estimated energy cost according to the Saudi Electricity Company(SEC)rates.Furthermore,the model aggregates in real-time the estimated energy conservation percentage and estimated money-saving percentage compared to data collected when the system wasn't used.The feasibility and benefits of our system have been validated on a real-world scenario which is a classroom in the college of computer science and engineering,Taibah University,Yanbu branch.The results of the experimental studies are promising in energy conservation and cost-saving when using our proposed system.

Adaptive energy-preserving algorithms for guiding center system

We develop two types of adaptive energy preserving algorithms based on the averaged vector field for the guiding center dynamics,which plays a key role in magnetized plasmas.The adaptive scheme is applied to the Gauss Legendre’s quadrature rules and time stepsize respectively to overcome the energy drift problem in traditional energy-preserving algorithms.These new adaptive algorithms are second order,and their algebraic order is carefully studied.Numerical results show that the global energy errors are bounded to the machine precision over long time using these adaptive algorithms without massive extra computation cost.

Gravity field recovery from GOCE orbits using the energy conservation approach

The sum of the dissipative energy and energy constant of the GOCE satellite is found by a priori gravity field model at first, and the GOCE dissipative energy is obtained by computing the adjacent epoch difference via the differential method. Then, a gravity field model GOCE-ECPO1, which up to the degree and order 80, is recovered by the energy conservation approach from the 103-day precise orbital data of the GOCE satellite collected from November 1, 2009 to January 12, 2010. Finally, the model is compared with existing models EGM96, ITG-CHAMP05S, EIGEN-GRACE2010S, EIGEN-6C and GO CONS GCF 2 DIR_R3. The results show that at the same order and degree, the accuracy of model GOCE-EBPO1 is higher than those of models EGM96 and ITG-CHAMP05S, but lower than those of models EIGEN-GRACE2010S, EIGEN-6C and GO_CONS_GCF 2 DIR_R3, which is mainly caused by the pole gap.

Simplified prediction model for lighting energy consumption in office building scheme design

At the scheme design stage,the potential of daylighting is significant due to the saving for electric lighting use. There are few simple tools for architects to optimize the daylighting design. Therefore,it is useful to develop a design guideline related to the evaluation of lighting energy saving potential and sunlight design strategies. This paper analyzes the impacts of different artificial lighting control methods and design parameters on daylighting. A direct correlation between lighting energy consumption and parameters such as orientations,window to wall ratio (WWR) and perimeter depth is established. A simplified prediction model is proposed to estimate lighting energy consumption with the given perimeter depth,WWR,and window transparency. Validation of the model is carried out compared with detailed lighting simulation software for an office building. After the variation analysis for these parameters,design advises for the daylighting design at scheme design phase are summarized.

NEW CONSERVATION LAWS OF ENERGY AND C-D INEQUALITIES IN CONTINUA WITHOUT MICROSTRUCTURE

Fundamental laws and balance equations as well as C-D inequalities in continuum mechanics are carefully restudied, incompleteness of existing balance laws of angular momentum and conservation laws of energy as well as C-D inequalities are pointed out, and finally new and more general conservation laws of energy and corresponding balance equations of energy as well as C-D inequalities in local and nonlocal asymmetric continua are presented.

Analysis of Technical Energy Conservation Potential of China’s Energy Consumption Sectors

It is necessary for China to refocus its energy conservation effort from the industrial sector (field) to all three sectors simultaneously, i.e. industry, construction and transport. In addition, it should also make significant effort for conserving energy on general technical equipment that are used in large quantities and for a variety of applications. Therefore, there is a need to integrate industrial, construction and transport sectors, i.e. the integration between key technologies and widely used technologies, between hard and soft management, between energy-saving technologies and comprehensive resource utilization technologies. According to estimates, if China’s energy consuming sectors adopted appropriate energy-saving technologies, total energy-savings (using 2010 as the baseline) would be 200 million, 450 million, 650 million and 800 million tons of standard coal in 2015, 2020, 2025 and 2030, respectively.

The design of Landscape lighting Based on wind, light, water and other green energy

Taking the ecological, environmental protection as the starting point, in view of our country road lighting with excessive power consumption problems, the paper proposes design scheme of S type spiral lamp that is suitable the coastal city, highway zone by solar energy combined with wind energy generation. This design uses class of S spiral with the highest wind energy utilization rate, and the surface has materials that can absorb solar energy, its structure built in simple and the design fit standard proportion lamp. This design has the advantages of beautiful apnearance, easv to produce, has the very big use value.

Conservation of Energy in Classical Mechanics and Its Lack from the Point of View of Quantum Theory

It is pointed out that the property of a constant energy characteristic for the circular motions of macroscopic bodies in classical mechanics does not hold when the quantum conditions for the motion are applied. This is so because any macroscopic body—lo-cated in a high-energy quantum state—is in practice forced to change this state to a state having a lower energy. The rate of the energy decrease is usually extremely small which makes its effect uneasy to detect in course of the observations, or experiments. The energy of the harmonic oscillator is thoroughly examined as an example. Here our point is that not only the energy, but also the oscillator amplitude which depends on energy, are changing with time. In result, no constant positions of the turning points of the oscillator can be specified;consequently the well-known variational procedure concerning the calculation of the action function and its properties cannot be applied.

Application and Research of Photovoltaic New Energy in Electrical Energy Conservation

At present,the increasing consumption of electrical energy is accompanied by the increasing pressure on natural environment,excessive discharge of waste gas,and accelerated rate of global warming.Photovoltaic new energy plays an important role in reducing costs and improving resource utilization.The leading power industries should come up with new designs of equipment that is in line with the green concept,improve the utilization of photovoltaic energy,and realize sustainable economic development.In view of this,this paper mainly analyzes the application of photovoltaic new energy in electrical energy conservation.

Apply of Low-Carbon Technology in Building Energy Conservation in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Area

Building energy conservation is the basis for carbon emission reduction, through elaborating the relationship between low carbon and energy efficient building. It points out that the construction of energy-saving emission reduction is an effective means to solve the problems of high energy consumption of the building, and it is also an important measure for China＇s carbon emission reduction. According to the climate characteristics in hot summer and cold winter area, low carbon technology suitable for the construction of energy-efficient hot summer and cold winter area is proposed which is based on the analysis of the current main building energy-saving technical measures.

On the energy conservation and critical velocities for the propagation of a "steady-shock" wave in a bar made of cellular material

The propagation of shock waves in a cellular bar is systematically studied in the framework of continuum solids by adopting two idealized material models, viz. the dynamic rigid, perfectly plastic, locking （D-R-PP-L） model and the dynamic rigid, linear hardening plastic, locking （D-R-LHP-L） model, both considering the effects of strain-rate on the material properties. The shock wave speed relevant to these two models is derived. Consider the case of a bar made of one of such material with initial length L 0 and initial velocity v i impinging onto a rigid target. The variations of the stress, strain, particle velocity, specific internal energy across the shock wave and the cease distance of shock wave are all determined analytically. In particular the ＂energy conservation condition＂ and the ＂kinematic existence condition＂ as proposed by Tan et al. （2005） is re-examined, showing that the ＂energy conservation condition＂ and the consequent ＂critical velocity＂, i.e. the shock can only be generated and sustained in R-PP-L bars when the impact velocity is above this critical velocity, is incorrect. Instead, with elastic deformation, strain-hardening and strain-rate sensitivity of the cellular materials being considered, it is appropriate to redefine a first and a second critical impact velocity for the existence and propagation of shock waves in cellular solids. Starting from the basic relations for shock wave propagating in D-R-LHP-L cellular materials, a new method for inversely determining the dynamic stress-strain curve for cellular materials is proposed. By using e.g. a combination of Taylor bar and Hopkinson pressure bar impact experimental technique, the dynamic stress-strain curve of aluminum foam could bedetermined. Finally, it is demonstrated that this new formulation of shock theory in this one-dimensional stress state can be generalized to shocks in a one-dimensional strain state, i.e. for the case of plate impact on cellular materials, by simply making proper replacements of the elastic and plastic constants.