Regulatory Impact Assessment of the EU Digital Market Surveillance and Chinese Response Plan

As a data protection legislation with the dual objectives of market regulation and government supervision,the EU General Data Protection Regulation(GDPR)is designed to promote the cultivation of a market for data ele⁃ments and to regulate the data processing subjects'behaviour.The civil legal norms to participate in the data market regulation are introduced,and a right-protected mode with the obligation norms of data controllers as the core is started by GDPR.However,from the perspective of GDPR's global enforcement effectiveness,as an export-orientated global standard and protection framework,the power regulation model of the EU's single digital market is facing the in⁃novative incentives of data market expansion and the tension of human rights protection.A more modest and moderate data governance regulation model has been opened by a new round of the EU digital market regulation.The legal sce⁃narios transition and digital platforms regulation more fit the regulatory demand and development goals of global digital economy development.The EU's determination to enhance the global digital market share and competitiveness is dem⁃onstrated.For China,the impact and security risks of the new round should be evaluated carefully,drawing on the ex⁃perience of the technical standpoint and institutional framework and regulatory rules of the EU digital market regula⁃tion,providing the regulatory models and Chinese solutions to respond to the EU digital market regulation,and enhanc⁃ing Chinese institutional discourse and rule-making leadership in the global digital economy.

Asymmetric Regulation System Fit for Chinese Telecom Market

After the new round of restructuring of Chinese telecom sector,it's pressing to formulate and implement asymmetric regulation policies so as to shape an effectively competitive market structure in a relatively short term.This paper reviewed the asymmetric regulation policies and practices carried out in foreign telecom market,and then according to the specific situations of Chinese telecom market,proposed the principles and corresponding policies for establishing an asymmetric regulation system fit for Chinese telecom market.

Telecommunications Market and Regulation in India and Ireland

Information and communications technology is apillar industry in India and Ireland,playing an increasinglyimportant role in promoting the economicand social development.Full market competitionpromotes the rapid development of the telecommunicationsindustry.Effective market regulation andconstant legal system improvement can promote thesmooth development of the telecommunicationsindustry.Use of new technology promotes a sustainabledevelopment of the telecommunicationsindustry.It is proposed that the pace of telecommunicationslegislation in China should be furtherquickened,telecommunications market structureoptimized,and telecommunications regulationstrengthened.

Market Regulation and Fiscal Replenishment: An Analytical Framework for the Space Control Intensity for Regulatory Detailed Planning

Regulatory detailed planning is the most direct management tool for urban development and construction activities. Through theoretical deduction, this paper demonstrated the elastic relationship between the land-transferring price and the floor area ratio(FAR) of residential land, which represented the space control intensity for regulatory detailed planning. Based on the two dimensions of market regulation and fiscal replenishment, this paper also established an analytical framework for the space control intensity for regulatory detailed planning. The results showed that the space control intensity for regulatory detailed planning decreased with the expansion of urban scale and that the weaker the market regulation and the stronger the land finance dependence, the weaker the space control intensity for regulatory detailed planning. Based on this, this paper proposed that local governments should strengthen the scientificity and openness of regulatory detailed planning, institutionally resolve the predicament due to fiscal decentralization, and reduce the dependence on land transfer income.

Regulation Issues for the Internet Market

Regulation of Internet market attracts more and more scholars and governments＇ attention as the Internet＇s commercial potential is displayed worldwide. Key characteristics of Internet market prove there are also market failures in Internet market, so regulation is an avoidable issue for the Internet market. Policy approaches relating to competition, intellectual property, and information privacy are three key areas of regulation that the paper emphasizes. The paper also analyzes the current regulation practices carried by some developed countries and calls for countries to cooperate and coordinate thus build a legal and fair environment for the Internet market.

Existing Problems and Countermeasures in Financial Securities Market Regulation

At the present stage,with the continuous development of social economy and science and technology,China's financial and securities industry has gradually developed.As an important part of China's socialist economic market,including the financial and securities industry,therefore,to a certain extent,the development of the financial securities industry has promoted the prosperity and development of China's economy.In other words,strengthening the management of financial securities market regulation can promote the sustainable development of the securities industry,thereby promoting the rapid development of China's economy.This paper mainly discusses and expounds some problems existing in the current process of financial securities market regulation,and proposes solutions to it,hoping to be helpful to the financial securities industry.

A model of local labor market regulation of China in the transition period

With the establishment of labor market of China, market is playing a more and mare important role in allocation of human resources. However, with the transition of economy in China and industrial upgrading in recent years, many labor problems have occurred which do harm to the sustainable development of local economy. The paper researches on the labor market issues of China from the perspective of local labor market regulation. Firstly, it reviews the theories of local labor market regulation. And then the main components of local labor market regulation of China are identified and the evaluation index system is established. The results of analysis of the calculated output show that （1） the local labor market regulation of China has an obvious character of gradient distribution geographically and decreases gradually from east to west; （2） of all the regulations, the regulation of the development of human capital has the most significant impact on local economy currently which is followed by the regulation of labor relation and the regulation of market participation. As to the regulation of social security, it has no Significant impact on the development of local economy.

Market regulation and government intervention of vocational education＇s development

Government intervention and market regulation are two important ways in the process of economic operations, effective govemment intervention and market regulation can promote development of economic. This article briefly summarizes economists defined the government intervention and market regulation in the history of economic. Since the founding of New China, it elaborated to defining process of government intervention and market regulation in the development China＇ s economic. Under the new situation, it proposed government intervention should combine market regulation to achieve sound and fast development of economic. Market regulation in the development of vocational education for the economic development is the goal of training practical talents of vocational education. This objective requires that vocational education must work closely with the needs of economics＇ development and service for the economics＇ development. Under the system of planned economy, contraction between supply of talent and needs of economic is planning to achieve indirectly through a unified government.

Regulations on Foreign Exchange Adjustment Market

Article 1. The regulations are promulgated in order to improve and develop the foreign exchange adjustment market, speed up the horizontal circulation of capital in foreign exchange and strengthen the macro-control of the foreign exchange market. Article 2. The State Exchange Control Administration is the governing body of the foreign exchange adjustment market.

Optimal Bidding Strategy for PV and BESSs in Joint Energy and Frequency Regulation Markets Considering Carbon Reduction Benefits

Photovoltaic(PV)and battery energy storage systems(BESSs)are key components in the energy market and crucial contributors to carbon emission reduction targets.These systems can not only provide energy but can also generate considerable revenue by providing frequency regulation services and participating in carbon trading.This study proposes a bidding strategy for PV and BESSs operating in joint energy and frequency regulation markets,with a specific focus on carbon reduction benefits.A two-stage bidding framework that optimizes the profit of PV and BESSs is presented.In the first stage,the day-ahead energy market takes into account potential real-time forecast deviations.In the second stage,the real-time balancing market uses a rolling optimization method to account for multiple uncertainties.Notably,a real-time frequency regulation control method is proposed for the participation of PV and BESSs in automatic generation control(AGC).This is particularly relevant given the uncertainty of grid frequency fluctuations in the optimization model of the real-time balancing market.This control method dynamically assigns the frequency regulation amount undertaken by the PV and BESSs according to the control interval in which the area control error(ACE)occurs.The case study results demonstrate that the proposed bidding strategy not only enables the PV and BESSs to effectively participate in the grid frequency regulation response but also yields considerable carbon emission reduction benefits and effectively improves the system operation economy.

Impact of Environmental Regulation on Industrial Upgrading: Analysis Based on Panel Data of 30 Provinces in China

Environmental regulation and industrial upgrading are the key to achieve win-win results for both economy and the environment. After environmental regulation tools are divided into market incentive and command control types,based on the provincial-level data of 30 provinces( cities and regions) in China from 2004 to 2016,the impact of environmental regulation on industrial upgrading and its transmission paths are empirically tested through an intermediary effect model. Technological innovation,FDI and capital market development all meet intermediary conditions,and the market incentive type is more dependent on technological innovation,while the command control type is more dependent on FDI and capital market development.The impact of the two environmental regulation tools on industrial upgrading is further studied. The results show that there is an " inverted U-shaped" relationship between the command control type and industrial upgrading,while there is a " U-shaped" relationship between the market incentive type and industrial upgrading,and there are also certain regional differences in the impact of environmental regulation on industrial upgrading.

Risk and Regulation of Chinese Online Investment Products

The emergence of Yu＇E Bao and the like provides Chinese investors with a new and flexible investment option. Such new investment instrument forces up the cost of capital of local banks and also takes away the market share from them. Yu＇E Bao has allocated most investments in inter-bank money market due to the liquidity concerns. This study investigates Yu＇E Bao＇s portfolio allocation and potential risk, and also provides policy implications for regulators. The research findings suggest that regulators should issue more provisions to further regulate the operation of online investment products and keep the liquidity risk under control, i.e. require money market funds to hold more capital in reserve on a gradual basis. By examining the case of Yu＇E Bao, a new online investment product in China, this study sheds light on the recent financial development and reform of China.

The ＂Production＂ of Accounting Information Between Regulatory and Free Market Approach： An （Eternally） Open Issue

Accounting information has gained utmost importance over the years, and it now plays a vital role in our society. Indeed, the trends of a global economy, especially one relying on a capital market-based financial system, are greatly influenced by reliable accounting information. However, it is sometimes difficult to assess the ＂reliability＂ of such information, given the clear differences in the needs and goals of its different users. In this respect, the possible ways to guarantee the appropriateness of the accounting information provided to users doubtlessly deserve a careful investigation. The second half of the 1970s can be considered as the starting point of a debate, within the Anglo-Saxon accounting literature, concerning the most effective methods to provide users with accounting data effectively meeting their very specific needs. In this context, two antithetical schools of thought developed： （1） free market approach; and （2） regulatory approach. Although it is possible to state that accounting regulation has now become a concrete reality both inside and outside the Anglo-Saxon accounting context, after more than halfa century, its efficacy is still an open issue.

Improving China's Legal System for Product Quality Guarantees ——A legal analysi s of product quality guarantee regulation by the Government

It is the responsibility of governments to supervise and regulateproduct quality to protect consumers and prevent failures in the product qualityguarantee system.Appropriate supervision will help safeguard the interests ofconsumers,promote product quality,and resolve disputes.The extent of supervisionshould be guided by the principle of need for state intervention andneeds to be highly diversified.

Regulation of the Warsaw Stock Exchange： History and Operating Rules

The aim of this article is to present the principles of the operation of the Warsaw Stock Exchange （WSE）, which is the most important institution of the capital market in Poland. The article is an attempt to explore the history and structure of the exchange and its investment possibilities in order to understand the number of existing security features which make cooperation with this institution-with appropriate assumptions and diversification-an activity providing profits to potential investors who are aware of its operating rules. This topic deserves a historical outline because of the socialist past and the current status of the WSE, now called the most dynamically growing capital market in Central and Eastern Europe.

Green Drug Supply Chain Investigation by Time-Market Balance and Risk

The quality of pharmaceutical products plays a crucial role in healthcare systems such as hospitals for better patient services. Drug Supply Chain Management requires approaches to uncertainty and risk consideration. This study is a comprehensive multi-objective mathematical model considering the uncertainties and potential reserves in supply and medicine. The proposed model includes three general objective functions that minimize total production costs, including the costs of transportation, maintenance, breakdown, collection, and disposal of waste. The model also maximizes the quality of potential storage. The results show the proposed method has a high quality to solve the model and leads to the optimization of the results to provide the drug supply chain for the proposed example. We have identified three important risks and uncertainties in addressing drug supply planning: the indefinite duration of the licensing process, the risk of a forced brand change, and indefinite repayment levels that lead to varied demand diversification. The results of comparison with other multi-objective optimization methods in existing articles also show better performance of the proposed model. A significant cost reduction results from implementing our model instead of using the over-storage role to estimate the volume of active drug elements, as seen in today’s industry.

信用修复机制及在市场监管领域的实践研究

随着社会信用体系建设的深入推进,信用修复制度在理论研究和实践应用中逐渐成为关注焦点,发挥着维护信用主体合法权益、鼓励重塑信用、激发市场活力的积极作用。通过系统梳理信用修复的概念和信用修复的制度探索,厘清了当前社会信用体系建设中的信用修复规范,并从信用修复的方式、主体、客体和程序方面对信用修复机理进行了阐述;以市场监管领域信用修复实践作为切入点,对当前信用修复的实施现状和存在问题进行系统分析,并给出了加强信用修复机制建设的措施建议。

碳减排“时-空-效-益”统筹理论:Ⅲ.效率统筹

碳减排效率表现为在达成碳减排目标同时尽可能降低社会成本,实现碳减排效率最优的关键在于统筹政府管制与市场机制。作为碳减排“时-空-效-益”统筹理论系列论文的组成部分,构建了效率统筹方法框架,首先阐释了碳减排效率的概念内涵,提出了效率统筹的理论框架;进而采用新制度经济学的理论视角,系统分析了市场机制与政府干预在碳减排过程中的互动机制与互补路径;并结合相对斜率决策准则,应用C3IAM/EcOp模型和CEEPA-CETA-FM模型深入探索了如何在不同减排机制下实现减排资源的优化配置,科学回答了碳减排混合机制的设计问题,为统筹政府管制与市场机制提供方法基础。

金融强监管对企业风险承担的影响——来自资管新规的经验证据

在经济下行压力增大、外部环境不确定性有增无减的背景下,我国企业运营正面临着各种挑战,企业风险承担问题尤为突出。选取2011—2021年A股上市公司作为样本,以资管新规的出台作为准自然实验,检验资管新规对企业风险承担水平的影响,探究企业在金融强监管下的风险承担行为。研究发现,资管新规提升了企业的风险承担水平。经济后果检验显示,资管新规主要增加了企业的被动风险承担,加大了企业的破产风险。经调节效应分析得到,企业通过提高信息披露透明度,政府通过改善营商环境、推进资本市场开放,可以缓解在资管新规出台背景下企业风险承担提高而带来的生产经营压力。

考虑换电需求响应的换电站参与电能量-调频市场竞价策略

电动汽车(EV)大规模发展会加大电网的调峰调频压力。通过换电站市场化运营,可有效激励换电站利用EV换电需求和换电站电池灵活性资源,缓解电网调峰调频压力。为此,提出了换电站参与电能量市场和调频辅助服务市场的协同竞价策略及其两阶段优化模型。第1阶段依据调频市场需求制定换电价格,引导EV调整换电需求,优化冗余电池数量及时序,以便与调频需求趋势一致,进而提升换电站调频服务收益;第2阶段考虑换电站需求响应和市场调峰调频需求,制定换电站竞价策略。所提出竞价策略在优先满足EV换电需求的同时,可降低换电站充电成本、提升调频服务收益,并助力电网调峰调频。算例仿真结果验证了所提策略的有效性。