An Intelligent Control Method for the Low-Carbon Operation of Energy-Intensive Equipment

Based on an analysis of the operational control behavior of operation experts on energy-intensive equipment,this paper proposes an intelligent control method for low-carbon operation by combining mechanism analysis with deep learning,linking control and optimization with prediction,and integrating decision-making with control.This method,which consists of setpoint control,self-optimized tuning,and tracking control,ensures that the energy consumption per tonne is as low as possible,while remaining within the target range.An intelligent control system for low-carbon operation is developed by adopting the end-edge-cloud collaboration technology of the Industrial Internet.The system is successfully applied to a fused magnesium furnace and achieves remarkable results in reducing carbon emissions.

Effects of technical and allocative inefficiencies on energy and nonenergy elasticities:an analysis of energy-intensive industries in China

Elasticity of substitution is traditionally estimated while ignoring technical and allocative inefficiencies,which could bias the estimates.We estimate elasticity of substitution for Chinese energy-intensive sectors by incorporating these inefficiencies.The results show most of the sectors are low substitutes between input factors and stress important differences among energy-intensive sectors.Concerning the cross-price elasticity for energy,with respect to capital(labor),the sectors are mainly characterized by weak substitutability or complementary.These imply the production structure is quite rigid and capital cannot be so readily used as a substitute for energy.

Research on the Industrial Transfer and Restructuring Path of the Energy-Intensive Manufacturing Industry in Western China

The orderly transfer of the manufacturing industry is a major action in China’s industrial restructuring.From the perspective of industrial transfer,we used the concentration ratio to depict the trend of the industrial transfer of energy-intensive manufacturing in the eastern,central,and western regions since the policy of large-scale development of western China was implemented.We measured the total factor productivity(TFP)of western China using the DEAMalmquist index method.We conducted a regression analysis to measure the effect of western China’s undertaking of the transfer of the energy-intensive manufacturing industry.The findings of this study show that during 2000–2019,eleven provinces(as well as autonomous regions and municipalities)in western China undertook the transfer of the energy-intensive manufacturing industry from the eastern and central regions to varying degrees,exhibiting significant phase features regarding the rate and scale of transfers.Further investigation also demonstrated that the transfer of energy-intensive manufacturing industries has a U-shaped enabling effect on TFP in western China with the scale effect greater than the technology effect.Therefore,it is necessary to transition from“extensive industrial transfer”at the cost of the labor force,land,and resources to“modern industrial transfer”featured by technology and efficiency improvements to contribute to industrial restructuring in western China effectively.

Changes in China--Beijing is seeking less energy-intensive economic growth ＆ a less carbon-intensive energy mix and its impact over oil ＆ gas supply

Having experienced over 30 years of rapid growth,China’s economic development is entering a new normal featured by an ever optimizing economic structure shifting from high-speed to medium-high speed growth,and from factor-driven to innovation-driven pattern.In adapting

分扇区湍流载荷计算与应用

风电机组的疲劳载荷对其使用寿命和结构安全有着重要的影响,目前在风机载荷仿真中,通常将不同风向扇区的湍流强度进行等效,采用等效湍流强度进行计算,仅考虑某一风向,该方法无法反映机组真实受力状态。实际风速分布和湍流分布在不同风向扇区内存在差异,机组在每个扇区受到的载荷也不同。文章针对某山地项目,充分考虑不同风向扇区的风资源特点,对风机塔架载荷进行精细化仿真。结果表明,分扇区湍流方法可大幅降低塔架疲劳载荷,对塔架的精细化设计具有重要意义。

中国制造业能源相关的碳排放因素分析

本文运用对数平均迪氏分解法,建立制造业部门能源消耗碳排放模型,将我国制造业碳排放分解为产出规模、部门结构,能源强度和能源结构等四个方面因素。以能源强度为标准把制造业划分为能源密集型行业和非能源密集型行业两类。结果发现:①从逐年效应来看,产出规模是碳排放增加的最大拉动因素,能源强度是碳排放较强的抑制因素,产业结构和能源结构两个因素影响相对较小,产出规模增长抵消了能源强度对碳减排的贡献导致碳排放总量增加。以1996年为基期,至2011年,除能源消耗强度的累积效应为负值外,其余三种因素的累积效应均为正值。②相较于非能源密集型行业,能源密集型行业数目虽少,对能源消耗碳排放的影响更大,但非能源密集型行业减碳潜力巨大。

协商民主视域下推进人民政协界别协商研究

界别协商作为人民政协政治协商的又一大创新,具有自身的独特性:即界别性、专业性、协商性和平等性。同时,界别协商作为协商民主实践形式的又一创新,在协商民主审视下,还存在协商主体参与意识、协商能力不足,协商客体公共利益性、平等性缺乏,协商过程开放性、公开性欠缺的问题。从原则、形式、难点等维度,探讨界别协商的推进思路,能够弥补上述不足,并能将界别协商打造成人民政协又一大品牌。

测井资料在英安井田煤层对比中的应用

英安井田下含煤段含煤层数较多、岩性相近,煤层对比工作比较困难。在首采区补充勘探工作中,采用测井曲线对比方法,在确定K2标志段、22、26号煤标志层的基础上,将该区19号煤层顶板至23号煤层底板划分为上含煤亚段;23号煤层底板至30号煤层底板划分为下含煤亚段。并依据测井资料对19、20、20b、21、23、26、26a、30号等煤层的测井曲线异常特征进行了详细描述。该区依据测井曲线划分标志层段及含煤亚段的方法确定的煤层层位、层号,依据充分,达到煤层对比准确可靠的目的。

我国制造业外汇风险暴露的影响因素研究

以制造业10个子行业324家上海证劵交易所A股上市公司为样本,先用传统的两因素模型估算外汇风险暴露系数,再构建横截面回归模型以确定影响因素,最后研究子行业外汇风险暴露水平与影响因素的关系.研究发现,在10%显著水平下,有11.7%的公司存在外汇风险暴露;外汇风险暴露与外销比例、速动比例和现金流量净额正相关,与总市值、净利率负相关.对于受人民币升值负面影响的公司,其外汇风险暴露系数与总资产周转率、基本每股收益同比增长率正相关,与研发费用负相关;对于受人民币升值正面影响的公司,其外汇风险暴露系数与资产负债率和基本每股收益同比增长率负相关.

我国湿地保护管理体制的完善

湿地保护管理体制是保护湿地的关键所在,然而当前我国实行的“综合协调、分部门管理”的管理体制面临着职权不清、协调无力的挑战。改变此局面必须依托现有的湿地管理架构,在坚持“分部门管理、综合协调”的基础上,逐渐充实湿地管理体制的内容,提高湿地管理的可操做性与精准性。

Low-carbon benefits analysis of energy-intensive industrial demand response resources for ancillary services

As a major CO_(2)emission source,the low-carbon development of the power sector requires the sector’s own efforts and the cooperation with other industries,especially in the context of rapid development of renewable generation technologies.The industrial demand response resources(IDRR)will be helpful to improve wind power penetration and bring low-carbon benefits if they are utilized to provide ancillary services(AS)for the power system.In this paper,demand response(DR)characteristics of industrial users are firstly analyzed according to their production process and electricity consumption distribution.In order to have an indepth study of the response mechanism of industrial loads to provide AS,cement and aluminum smelter are selected as two typical IDRR,and the AS type they provided and response mechanism are analyzed.Based on the data of these two industries in certain provinces of China,low-carbon benefits considering IDRR to provide AS are analyzed.

Composites on Base of the Ultradispersed Polytetrafluoroethylene and Graphite Oxide Intercalated Compounds

Composites based on ultradispersed polytetrafluoroethylene and intercalated graphite oxide compounds with dodecahydro-closo-dodecaborates and methods of their fabrication have been developed. The fabricated composites have been characterized using XRD analysis, and optical microscopy. These composites are distinguished with completeness of their combustion, since the combustion products comprise gaseous boron fluorine-containing compounds of boron, boron trifluoride (BF3), and boron oxyfluoride ((BOF)3). Besides, these composites are characterized with increased energy capacity as compared to purely oxygen-containing compounds, since the heat of formation of boron fluorine-containing compounds is higher than that of boron oxide. Introduction of ultradispersed polytetrafluoroethylene imparts composites with hydrophobicity, thus improving their functioning properties.

Decarbonization options of the iron and steelmaking industry based on a three-dimensional analysis

Decarbonization is a critical issue for peaking CO_(2) emissions of energy-intensive industries,such as the iron and steel industry.The decarbonization options of China’s ironmaking and steelmaking sector were discussed based on a systematic three-dimensional low-carbon analysis from the aspects of resource utilization(Y),energy utilization(Q),and energy cleanliness which is evaluated by a process general emission factor(PGEF)on all the related processes,including the current blast furnace(BF)-basic oxygen furnace(BOF)integrated process and the specific sub-processes,as well as the electric arc furnace(EAF)process,typical direct reduction(DR)process,and smelting reduction(SR)process.The study indicates that the three-dimensional aspects,particularly the energy structure,should be comprehensively considered to quantitatively evaluate the decarbonization road map based on novel technologies or processes.Promoting scrap utilization(improvement of Y)and the substitution of carbon-based energy(improvement of PGEF)in particular is critical.In terms of process scale,promoting the development of the scrap-based EAF or DR-EAF process is highly encouraged because of their lower PGEF.The three-dimensional method is expected to extend to other processes or industries,such as the cement production and thermal electricity generation industries.

The impact of energy-intensive industries on air quality in China’s industrial agglomerations

Understanding the driving forces of regional air pollution and its mechanism has gained much attention in academic research,which can provide scientific policy-making basis for economy-environment sustainability in China.Being an important energy and industrial base,the North China Plain region has been experiencing severe air pollution.Therefore,understanding the relationship between industrialization and air quality in this region is of great importance for air quality improvement.In this study,the average annual concentrations of SO2,NO2 and PM10 in 47 sample cities at and above the prefecture level in the North China Plain region from 2007 to 2016 were used to illustrate the spatiotemporal characteristics of air pollution within this region.Furthermore,panel data model,panel vector autoregression model,and impulse response function were used to explore the correlation and driving mechanism between energy-intensive industries and regional air quality.The results show that:first,overall air quality improved in the study area between 2007 and 2016,with a significant greater fall in concentration of SO2 than that of NO2 and PM10;second,provincial border areas suffered from severe air pollution and showed an apparent spatial agglomeration trend of pollution;and third,the test results from different models all proved that energy-intensive industries such as the chemical,non-metallic mineral production,electric and thermal power production and supply industries,had a significant positive correlation with concentrations of air pollutants,and indicated an obvious short-term impulse response effect.It concludes that upgradation of industrial structure,especially that of energy-intensive industries,plays a very important role in the improvement of regional air quality,which is recommended to be put in top priority for authorities.Therefore,policies as increasing investments in technological innovation in energy-intensive industries,deepening cooperation in environmental governance between different provinces and cities,and strengthening supervision and entry restrictions are suggested.

Sectoral Features of the Tenir-Too Mountains

For the first time, the separating issues of the Tenir-Too mountains into sectors in contrast to the accepted schemes of physical geography as a province and sub-province were discussed. Since the term province is more acceptable in political science than in physical geography, the main factors in the process of sector formation were determined. The purpose of this article is not only to describe the high altitudes of the Tenir-Too mountains, but theoretically substantiate their formation, ecological and genetic features, and distribution patterns. Until today the Tenir-Too mountain area is not divided into sectors and subsectors with significant changes to the stencil scheme, which has been used to date in the physical geographical zoning. Research methods in this work are based on the recent study materials collected from meteorological stations of Tenir-Too region. Hypsometric and topographic maps were used to identify high altitude ranges, and climatic factors were separated by zones. Plant species and genus divisions were identified. In some areas of the Tenir-Too the range of altitudes along the routes was studied.

Ex-ante Adoption Analysis for Improved Sorghum Varieties in the Lake Zone Tanzania

The objective of this study was to determine the influence of production and consumption characteristics of improved sorghum varieties on farmers＇ adoption decisions. Thirty-four farmers and 231 consumers evaluated five sorghum varieties to determine their preferences. The perceptions of the farmers and consumers were summarized and presented to 100 sorghum farmers to help them choose the best varieties, based on results obtained earlier. Ordered probit models were used to predict their adoption decisions. Results indicated that when adoption is predicted on production characteristics alone the adoption rate was lower than when prediction incorporated both production and consumption characteristics of the sorghum varieties. Therefore, when disseminating new technologies farmers need to be informed about the production as well as the consumption characteristics of the new technologies. The outcomes of this study imply that involving producers and consumers in the generation of new agricultural technologies would potentially increase their adoption rates when they are disseminated. Thus a subsector analytical approach is recommended.

Regional Distribution and Pollution of Energy-lntensive Industries in China

This paper investigates the regional distribution and pollution of energyintensive industries in China. Through the analysis of provincial panel data collected during 1998-2008, this work estimates the drivers of pollution in 30 of China＇s provincial-level divisions. The paper concludes that while China＇s energy-intensive industries are heavily distributed in eastern and central China, the speed of development toward central and western China has, in recent years, risen continuously. Industries located in eastern China do, however, remain the primary polluters in the country. Notably, regional agglomeration of energy-intensive industries plays a positive role in energy conservation and pollution control in China. This paper also finds that patterns of pollution in China follow the environmental Kuznets curve （EKC） with strong inter-provincial discrepancies.

An Empirical Study of China＇s Energy- Intensive Industries＇ Growth Based on Environmental Total Factor Productivity

Using directional distance function and nonparametric data envelopment analys＆, th＆ paper estimates the environmental total factor productivity （ETFP） of energy-intensive industries in China from 1995 to 2010, and performs an empirical analysis on factors affecting ETFP growth after studying the differences of energy-intensive industries ＇ ETFP by industries and provinces. The findings include the following： energy-intensive industries ＇ETFP growth is mainly driven by technical progress; China, at its current development stage, still has the potential to raise the productivity of its energy- intensive industries. By estimating the provincial data, we find that the ETFP growth of different provinces converge at different levels. Further market liberalization, increased FDl flows and reductions in energy intensity will help to improve each province＇s ETFP growth. In addition, increasing investment in energy saving and emissions reduction and improving corporate environmental management capacity can help to reduce a company＇s short-term cost of complying with environmental regulations.

中美贸易中马歇尔-勒纳条件的修正与应用

在中美贸易摩擦不断和中国扩大对外开放的背景下,马歇尔-勒纳条件作为汇率变动与贸易关系的重要理论,对经济现实具有极其重要的指导价值。通过将人民币实际有效汇率分解为人民币对美元实际有效汇率和美元实际有效汇率的乘积形式,推演国际收支弹性分析法,将美国对中国出口和美元有效汇率对中美实际汇率的弹性作为重要参数,得到修正的马歇尔-勒纳条件。为了验证结论的合理性,将汇率和贸易福利进行有机结合,采用异质性企业一般均衡框架对分行业贸易福利进行估计,深入分析中美汇率波动对我国贸易福利的影响。结果发现,修正的马歇尔-勒纳条件成立,汇率与贸易福利呈现较为明显的正相关关系。基于此提出相应的政策建议。

金融系统压力:指数化测度及其溢出效应研究

2008年全球金融危机的爆发及其冲击促使监管者更多的关注全球金融市场的关联网络特征及金融风险在各金融市场间的传导机制.本文基于全球向量自回归模型(GVAR),从关联网络的视角构建了金融压力溢出效应模型,考察信贷市场、资本市场、外汇市场、债券市场和货币市场等五个金融子市场压力在不同国家和市场间的传导及其动态演变.研究结果表明,美国是全球金融市场中金融压力主要溢出者;发达经济体主要通过其资本市场和货币市场影响我国的信贷市场、资本市场和外汇市场,而新兴经济体金融压力则主要影响我国的债券市场和货币市场.资本市场和货币市场是不同国家和金融子市场间金融压力传染的重要路径.2014年以来国际金融市场压力对我国金融市场的影响远高于金融危机时期,且资本市场和外汇市场所受影响更为显著.