Operating Parameters of the District Heating Substation Cooperating With the Installation of Technological Air Conditioning With High Efficiency of Heat Recovery

The article analyses the problem of determining the operating parameters of the district heating substation cooperating with the air heating system in technological air conditioning systems equipped with heat exchangers with high efficiency of heat recovery.Attention was paid to the correct selection of heat exchangers for the heat output balance depending on the heat recovery protection algorithms against a drop in the temperature of the heat transfer surface below 0℃.Critical parameters were determined in Polish climatic conditions,at which the operation of the heat recovery exchanger in the air conditioning system is switched off or limited.It has been proven that the proper functioning of the district heating substation cooperating with the installation of air conditioning with high heat recovery efficiency requires the use of two heat exchangers with different characteristics,equipped with properly selected temperature control systems.The optimal model of cooperation between the technological air conditioning system and the heating substation was also indicated.

An Energy-Saving Control Strategy on Central Air-Conditioning System

An energy-saving control strategy based on predictive control for central air-conditioning systems is proposed in this paper. The cold load model is developed to describe the dynamic characteristics of temperature control systems, and then parameters in the cold load model and in the central air-conditioning system model are estimated. Generalized predictive control (GPC) is used to establish an optimization model to minimize the consumption of energy and the control error of temperature. The simulated annealing (SA) algorithm, combined with quadratic programming, is adopted to solve the optimal problem. Contrasted with the simulation of traditional PID control, the results prove the effectiveness of this proposed strategy.

Genetic Optimization Algorithm of PID Decoupling Control for VAV Air-Conditioning System

Variable-air-volume (VAV) air-conditioning system is a multi-variable system and has multi coupling control loops. While all of the control loops are working together, they interfere and influence each other. A multivariable decoupling PID controller is designed for VAV air-conditioning system. Diagonal matrix decoupling method is employed to eliminate the coupling between the loop of supply air temperature and that of thermal-space air temperature. The PID controller parameters are optimized by means of an improved genetic algorithm in floating point representations to obtain better performance. The population in the improved genetic algorithm mutates before crossover, which is helpful for the convergence. Additionally the micro mutation algorithm is proposed and applied to improve the convergence during the later evolution. To search the best parameters, the optimized parameters ranges should be amplified 10 times the initial ideal parameters. The simulation and experiment results show that the decoupling control system is effective and feasible. The method can overcome the strong coupling feature of the system and has shorter governing time and less over-shoot than non-optimization PID control.

Multivariable fuzzy control of residential inverter-driven air conditionings

A model free intelligent multivariable fuzzy controller (MFC) designed for modulating the vapor compression cycles in a residential inverter-driven air conditioning is proposed. The novel controller combines a traditional fuzzy controller (TFC) and an additional coupling fuzzy controller,the coupling fuzzy controller is introduced to compensate for the unknown cross-coupling effects of this multivariable system. In order to evaluate the control performance of the MFC,it is digitally implemented in terms of regulating the desired evaporating temperature and superheat. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the MFC for improvement of system performance and energy efficiency.

COMPUTER DECOUPLE CONTROL OF TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY IN PREPROCESSING CHAMBER OF AIR-CONDITIONING TEST EQUIPMENT

This paper deals with the application of decouple Control theory to temperature and humidi-ty control in air-conditioning system. The decouple control algorithm for bivariable systems isderived applicablly for air-conditioning system. The algorithm is used to design a temperatureand humidity computer control system for the preprocessing chamber of air-conditioning testequipment. The results of the real-time control experiments indicate that the decouple controlalgorithm is feasible, the control quality is improved and high control precision is achieved.

Design of Fuzzy Controller for Central Air Conditioner

A structure of central air conditioning system in building and its running pattern are proposed in order to perform optimum energy saving strategy. The design of room temperature controller is taken as an example to discuss the design of fuzzy controller using common microprogrammed control unit (MCU) in detail. Based on fuzzy theory the query control tables fixed in read only memory (ROM) of MCU are established to realize the energy saving in the room temperature controller and the reasoning procedure is analyzed. The diagram of hardware design and the flow chart of software of room temperature controller are presented. The results show that the proposed method is practical and effective to achieve the energy saving goal.

Study on the Elman Neural Network Operation Control Strategy of the Central Air Conditioning Chilled Water System

The stable operation of the central air conditioning water system always is a major difficulty for the control profession. Paper focus on the water system with multi variable, strong coupling, nonlinear, large time delay characteristics, presented use feed forward coupling compensation method, to eliminate the coupling effect between temperature and pressure. In this paper, the Elman neural network controller is designed for the first time, and the simulation results show that the response time of Elman neural network controller is shorter, the system is more stable and the overshoot is small.

Numerical Analysis on Ventilating and Air Conditioning Scheme of Shenyang Subway Station

Different cities have different climate conditions and outdoor temperature and humidity, so the scheme of an environment control in subway should be analyzed by considering objective conditions, project cost and operating status. In this paper, a physical and mathematical model is built according to the design of Shenyang subway (line 1), the boundary conditions of the model are defined by the design and experiments, the numerical analysis of ventilating scheme and air conditioning scheme is introduced individually, and the temperature field and air flow field of the two schemes are compared, so that the feasibility of using a ventilating scheme in subway of northeast cities is discussed. Considering comfort and economy, it can be concluded that mechanical ventilation is feasible in subway of northeast cities because the air temperature there is not very high in summer.

Model predictive control of indoor thermal environment conditioned by a direct expansion air conditioning system

Temperature and humidity are two important factors that influence both indoor thermal comfort and air quality.Through varying compressor and supply fan speeds of a direct expansion(DX)air conditioning(A/C)unit,the air temperature and humidity in the conditioned space can be regulated simultaneously.However,most existing controllers are designed to minimize the tracking errors between the system outputs with their corresponding settings as quickly as possible.The energy consumption,which is directly influenced by the compressor and supply fan speeds,is not considered in the relevant controller formulations,and thus the system may not operate with the highest possible energy efficiency.To effectively control temperature and humidity while minimizing the system energy consumption,a model predictive control(MPC)strategy was developed for a DX A/C system,and the development results are presented in this paper.A physically-based dynamic model for the DX A/C system with both sensible and latent heat transfers being considered was established and validated by experiments.To facilitate the design of MPC,the physical model was further linearized.The MPC scheme was then developed by formulating the objective function which sought to minimize the tracking errors of temperature and moisture content while saving energy consumption.Based on the results of command following and disturbance rejection tests,the proposed MPC scheme was capable of controlling temperature and humidity with adequate control accuracy and sensitivity.In comparison to linear-quadratic-Gaussian(LQG)controller,better control accuracy and lower energy consumption could be realized when using the proposed MPC strategy to simultaneously control temperature and humidity.

日本HEAS-02-2022《医院设施设计指南(空调设备篇)》介绍

日本HEAS-02《医院设施设计指南(空调设备篇)》已经持续应用了30多年,对我国医院建设影响较大。历经4次修订,最新颁布的2022版是由医学主席在疫情中主持修订的,鉴于气溶胶新的传播特性提出了相应的合适措施。在医疗环境控制方面提出了许多新的思路与措施,局部修订了空气洁净度级别和各医疗科室的通风要求。依据感染管理风险评估及推荐强度与证据质量实施合理的医疗环境控制,并对一些关注点进行了澄清。

某有机化学实验室项目通风空调系统设计

有机化学实验往往会产生对人体有害的气体,有效的通风空调系统可以避免有害物泄漏,以保证实验人员在工作环境里的安全和健康。不同的有机化学实验室要求不同,其通风空调系统设计也有相应的不同要求。合成实验室通风量大,但对房间温湿度要求不高;分析仪器实验室中仪器设备较多,发热量较大,且对环境温湿度有一定的要求。本文结合某实际工程,对不同功能化学实验室通风量的确定、新风送风温度及空调设置情况和通风系统控制进行了介绍。

汽车空调控制面板双色倒装热流道注射模设计

汽车空调控制面板作为人机交互界面不可或缺的操作零件,设计时为了集成使用功能和外观美感等多重要求,一般设计为双色注塑件。以某汽车内饰空调控制面板为例,设计了一副双色倒装热流道注塑模,并详细介绍了零件结构特征、模具结构设计方案及工作原理。由于零件结构特殊性和注塑材料成型温度差异,塑件在成型过程中采用传统正置成型方案时表面易出现串色、印痕等缺陷,成型良品率较低,故模具采用倒装结构设计方案,即第一色先成型茶色透明的聚碳酸酯(PC)外观部分,再成型第二色黑色的PC/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯塑料(ABS)基体部分。基于模具的倒装结构,其第一、二色均采用热流道系统进料,同时为了确保零件顺利生产、顶出顺畅,在第一色子模内设置拉料柱和预压型推出机构,第二色子模具的定模侧设计了斜顶和顶针联合顶出机构,利用油缸驱动实现塑件脱模。实验证明,该倒装双色热流道注塑模整体结构稳定可靠,塑件批量生产质量满足设计要求。

基于迭代学习的楼宇空调湿度控制研究

传统楼宇变风量空调控制方法,存在对被控系统数学模型的精度要求较高以及抗干扰能力弱的不足,因此限制了变风量空调系统的应用。针对变风量楼宇空调系统运行时存在的重复干扰与系统模型精度问题,采用迭代学习控制方法对变风量空调空气湿度进行控制。将变风量空调空气调节过程看成间歇过程,并且将室内空间湿度控制过程当作间歇过程对目标轨迹的跟踪问题,设计迭代学习控制器,使被控系统能够获得更好的精度和鲁棒性,实现变风量空调的高精度湿度轨迹跟踪。

汽车空调控制策略与算法综述

文章对汽车热管理系统中空调的控制算法进行概述,对PID、模糊PID、带前馈反馈的控制算法以及模型预测控制算法(MPC)等控制理论在汽车空调中的应用进行介绍,并对不同控制算法在汽车空调中的优点和缺点进行分析,也对控制算法在应用层面上还存在的问题进行总结。与传统的机械式元器件相比,电子化的元器件在结合智能的控制算法后,能大大提高系统的节能水平和控制的准确性。最后,结合当前新能源汽车的发展方向,得出汽车空调系统中控制算法和电子元器件协同发展对节能和智能化的重要意义。

地铁站空调水系统节能控制研究

为了降低空调水系统的能耗,研究广州某地铁站的空调水系统节能控制策略。使用设备厂商提供的样本数据进行参数拟合,建立较为准确的设备模型,利用Trnsys软件搭建地铁站空调水系统模型。针对“大流量、小温差”现象,提出定温差控制策略,以降低水系统的能源消耗。结果显示:与定流量水系统相比,定温差控制策略下地铁站空调水系统节能率达到25.86%;在整个供冷季,相对于常规7℃的供水温度定温差控制策略,变冷冻水供水温度定温差控制策略的空调水系统节能约3.40%。

某纯电车型空调PTC不制热故障分析与改进

为分析电动汽车空调系统不制热故障原因,以某车企收到的4S店空调故障案例为例,使用质量管理工程师常用的检测方法和仪器对加热零部件进行分析与诊断,结果表明是由于软件问题导致熔断器开路,造成空调故障,提出对软件控制的临界值进行改进的故障排除建议。

空调温控负荷集群参与光伏消纳的潜力评估与互动框架

空调温控负荷集群作为当下最具调节潜力的需求侧响应资源之一,在削峰、填谷、分布式光伏消纳和电网调控中将发挥重要作用。因此,提出一种电力市场环境下,基于数据驱动和深度置信网络的空调温控负荷集群参与分布式光伏消纳的可调节潜力评估与互动框架。首先,利用数据驱动构建了基于深度置信网络的可调节潜力评估模型,实时输出温控负荷集群的可调节潜力;其次,考虑功率调整量在一定范围内变化的前提下,构建基于深度置信网络的需求互动模型,对温控负荷集群进行实时温度调控。最后,以冀北地区某10kV馈线作为实际算例进行分析,结果表明:所提框架能够充分利用空调温控负荷集群的可调节潜力,参与分布式光伏的消纳。

北京某大型商场空调系统节能改造方案分析

大型商场人流量大、散热设备多、空调系统运行时间长,有较大节能潜力。调研了北京某大型商场空调系统的能耗情况,针对其运行过程存在的问题,提出了一套基于空调系统节能控制技术的综合节能改造方案。研究表明,该空调系统节能改造后,年节电量为140.56万k Wh,每年节省电费160.24万元;节热量为601.82GJ,每年节省供热费用5.95万元,节能效果与经济效益较好,可为北京地区类似公建节能改造提供借鉴和参考。

光伏离网供电空调控温储粮技术应用

光伏离网供电空调控温储粮系统由光伏发电板、智能控制器、光伏空调和能源管理系统组成。智能控制器通过智能补偿、智能控制算法,实现光伏和市电双电源无缝切换,优先使用光伏,实现光伏零浪费,光伏直驱空调直接利用光伏板发的直流电来驱动机组,达到节能降耗的目的。解决了制冷空调用电费用高、光伏发电投资成本高和投资回收期长的问题。显著降低了空调控温的运行成本,实现了储粮空调控温的“零”碳或低碳的绿色储粮技术。

基于模糊比例积分控制的商用车驻车空调控制器设计

驻车空调控制系统是一个非线性、强耦合复杂控制系统,传统驻车空调控制系统存在调节时间长、控制精度低、能耗高等问题,难以满足不同环境下的控制需求。基于模糊比例积分控制,设计了商用车驻车空调控制器。通过AMEsim软件建模分析,针对驻车空调的主要可控部件蒸发风机、冷凝风机、压缩机设计了各自独立的模糊比例积分控制器。采用AMEsim软件和MATLAB软件Simulink模块联合仿真,搭建驻车空调控制系统模型,并对传统比例积分控制和模糊比例积分控制进行对比。仿真结果表明,模糊比例积分控制相较于传统比例积分控制,在温度控制方面具有更高的控制精度和动态性能,调节时间明显缩短,无超调,同时还具有更高的能效比。