Exploration on Key Technologies and Practical Paths for Carbon Emission Reduction in Food System

On the basis of existing research,carbon emission reduction technologies in production,processing,packaging,transportation and storage of the food system were summarized,and their application effects were analyzed.In view of the inherent inadequacy of carbon emission reduction technologies in Chinese food system,starting from carbon labeling technologies and ESG system of the food industry,the unsoundness of the carbon emission reduction evaluation system and the high cost of related technology promotion,countermeasures such as strengthening top-level design,encouraging and supporting the development of new carbon emission reduction technologies,and improving carbon emission reduction technology subsidies were proposed by drawing on domestic and international experiences.

The development of slag processing technology and its impact on energy-saving and emission reduction in the metallurgical industry

This study provides an overview of the production and classification of metallurgical slag and its impact on energy-saving and emission reduction in the metallurgical industry and an analysis of the impact of key factors on slag processing technology, including a brief account of blast furnace（BF） slag processing and applications with a focus on the steel slag disposal processes and the features of some typical processes. In view of the characteristics of the basic oxygen furnace （BOF） slag and the technical difficulties faced by the traditional processes,it describes the principle,features and technical advantages of the Baosteel short-flow （BSSF） steel slag treatment process developed by Baosteel. The thinking and outlook on the direction of the development of the metallurgical slag processing process are stated.

Assessing China’s regional efficiency of energy-saving and emission reduction using the target orientation approach of extended DDF model

Based on the target of energy-saving and emission reduction(ESER)in the national five-year plan in China,an extended directional distance function model(E-DDF)including undesirable input and undesirable output is proposed,and energy-saving efficiency,emission reduction efficiency,ESER efficiency are defined.Then the weighted directional distance function model is constructed for the total factors efficiency index model of ESER to reflect its dynamic change.The results show that the ESER efficiency continues to rise during the three five-year plan periods(2006-2017),and the efficiency score of the east area are higher than those of central and west area.The disparity and change of energy-saving efficiency among difference regions are not obvious,but the disparity and change of emission reduction efficiency are the main reasons for the improvement and change of ESER efficiency index.In the long run,the ESER efficiency is in a dynamic upward trend,and the effect of technological progress is more obvious compared with technical efficient index.

Analysis of Global CCS Technology,Regulations and Its Potential for Emission Reduction with Focus on China

这份报纸介绍碳俘获和存储(CCS ) 的发展与 CCS 有关的技术，在 CCS 示范工程的进步，和规定和政策。为 CCS 的大规模推广的障碍和限制被讨论。为排放减小的 CCS 和不同工艺的答案(例如，精力保存和可更新的精力) 被比较。分析证明中国应该小心地评估 CCS 推广和需要的否定影响在 CCS 提高研究和开发输入以便掌握 CCS 系统的核心技术。而且， CCS 刺激应该取决于实际 CCS 开发。基于当前的状况，中国可以需要集中于与 CCS 技术翻新存在热发电厂， CCS 能因此为未来被支持大规模申请。引证扇子， Y. ， L. 朱，和 X. 张， 2011：为有中国的焦点的排放减小的全球 CCS 技术，规定和它的潜力的分析。副词。Clim。变化物件， 2 (2 ) ， doi：10.3724/SP .J.1248.2011.00057。

Carbon dioxide emissions reduction technology and its application prospects in the steel industry

Fossil-fuel burning greenhouse gas induced global warming has been recognized as global environmental problems,reduce and ultimately control the energy production in the use of CO_2 emissions, global energy production will be a major challenge.As a highly intensive materials and energy,iron and steel enterprises,need to be invested to produce one ton of steel about two tons of material and 0.7 t of standard coal energy,and while producing two tons of CO_2.Therefore,reducing CO_2 emissions from iron and steel industry has become the focus of the global steel industry.This paper describes an integrated domestic and international measures to control carbon dioxide emissions research progress and future technology trends, with emphasis on the domestic steel industry emissions of carbon dioxide status of technology development and industrialization of implementation of the proposed on this basis,including dry quenching technology, gas,power generation,coal moisture control technology,blast furnace injection plastics technology,the use of coking process for treating municipal waste plastics technology,sintering heat generation,low pressure saturated steam for power generation,metallurgical slag heat recovery technology,coke oven gas hydrogen technology and the other key technologies energy saving technologies,including the development,promotion and popularization of the steel industry in China will be the CO_2 emission reduction technology direction and focus.At this stage,the Chinese steel industry can be improved the energy efficiency and recycling of waste heat and energy,reduce unit GDP,CO_2 emissions;but in the long run,should increase CO_2 capture and storage on the input of technology can possible effective control of the adverse effects of CO_2 emissions.

Exploration and Practice of Precision Emission Reduction Monitoring System in Air Pollution Prevention and Control in a District of Tianjin

At present,China’s atmospheric environmental protection work has achieved initial results,but environmental protection is facing increasing pressure,and the environmental situation is still not optimistic.In response to the call of the state,efforts have been intensified in environmental protection and ecological civilization construction,and supply-side structural reform has been actively promoted,and the Implementation Plan for Tianjin’s Comprehensive Discharge of Industrial Pollution Sources to Meet Standards has been promoted.When the total amount of pollutants discharged in key areas far exceeds the environmental capacity,regional heavy pollution weather will still occur once adverse meteorological conditions are encountered.In accordance with the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution,when the deterioration of air quality to a certain extent,to protect public health,key gas related industries should carry out emergency emission reduction in accordance with the local emergency plan while the local government starts the emergency response of heavy pollution weather.Direct economic loss of emergency response to heavy pollution weather is enormous.On the basis of meeting the total amount of emissions required by the state,the project aims to achieve the effect of"emission reduction and production increase"by precise emission reduction according to local characteristics.

Road life-cycle carbon dioxide emissions and emission reduction technologies:A review

Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions from the road sector have attracted increasing attention in current years.This paper attempted to provide a systematic review of the existing research efforts on road life-cycle CO_(2)emissions by analyzing the system’s boundary division,identifying the CO_(2)emission contributions of each life-cycle phase,listing major emission contributors,exploring related emission reduction technologies,and giving directions for future development.The research showed that the road life cycle is usually divided into five phases:material production,construction,use,maintenance and end-of-life(EOL)phases.The use phase and the initial construction stage(including material production and construction phases)contributed the most CO_(2)emissions during the road life cycle.In detail,the production of cement,asphalt and steel were the three main emission contributors in the material production phase.The pavement roughness,albedo,and concrete carbonation were the main factors affecting emissions in the use phase.In addition,emission reduction technologies such as using recycled materials and recycling techniques,lowering mixing temperature,and equipment energy substitution were commonly used to reduce emissions from material production and construction phases.The application of emerging technologies such as carbon capture and storage,carbon sink,and the use of hydrogen,solar and photovoltaic in the road sector may have emission reduction potentials and should be highlighted more in future studies.

Low-carbon scenario and technologies in modern city——Case study of Shenyang

From a multi-dimensional perspective of economic development,carbon dioxide and industrial pollutant emission and resource consumption in the case study of Shenyang,this paper analyzes the resource consumption and environmental impact in the process of urban economic development and low-carbon transition and evaluates the emission reduction potential and scenario of various technologies. The results show that city plays a key role in global low-carbon economic construction,and it is pointed out that emission reduction technology in urban scale can reduce total amount of carbon emission to substantial extent. From the aspect of future development,the input of technology and economic growth pattern should be strengthened so as to realize economic development as well as the total amount reduction of pollutant emission.

高质量发展下中国工业企业碳减排路径选择

管理改进与技术创新是工业企业实现高质量减排的两大关键路径。运用Shapley值分解方法实证测度了技术创新与管理改进对工业企业碳减排技术进步效率的贡献作用。结果发现,整体上技术创新与管理改进的贡献率分别为28.45%和71.55%,并且二者贡献率在不同类型特征企业之间存在明显差异。随着企业技术进步水平、雇佣规模和能耗水平的提升,技术创新的贡献率逐步递减,而管理创新的贡献率则呈现递增趋势。首次对企业管理改进与技术创新对碳排放效率的贡献进行测度,为优化“双碳”目标政策与指导企业减排行动提供有益参考。

绿色技术创新对城市碳减排影响的区域差异和收敛性——来自地级市层面的经验证据

运用我国299个城市的面板数据构建空间杜宾模型,实证研究绿色技术创新对城市碳排放影响的区域差异性和收敛性。结果表明:我国绿色技术创新可以降低碳排放水平,且存在空间关联效应。横向来看,不同区域的绿色技术创新对碳排放的影响具有明显的区域差异性,东部、长三角、珠三角等经济发达地区的影响效应更强,中西部、京津冀等地区相对较弱。纵向来看,2015年以来绿色技术创新对碳排放影响的区域差异持续收敛,根源在于区域经济发展差距的缩小。未来持续推进绿色技术创新、缩小区域发展差距是实现“双碳”目标的必由之路。

碳交易下驱动企业碳减排的碳配额机制

碳配额是碳交易的基础,有效的碳配额不是为了抑制生产,而是驱动企业实施低碳技术。针对碳配额有效性设定问题,设计优化了驱动企业降低单位产品的碳排放水平的碳配额机制,得到了碳配额机制有效区间,重点分析了影响碳配额有效性的关键因素。碳配额有效性表明,单位产品初始碳排放量和减排成本系数均是影响碳配额机制有效性的关键因素,合理降低碳交易价格、提高非减排成本和价格敏感性能增大产量碳配额机制的有效性。当减排技术得到改进与提升后,减排成本系数减小,政府单位产品免费碳配额量紧缩,但制造商和零售商利润都降低,此时政府应积极引导消费者购买低碳产品,提高市场需求量。

温室气体管控纳入化工园区规划环评的技术方法探索和实证研究

《中共中央国务院关于深入打好污染防治攻坚战的意见》中明确提出“将温室气体管控纳入环评管理”,温室气体管控纳入环评已成为深入推进碳达峰行动的重要举措。产业园区是控制污染物和温室气体排放增量的重要载体,是推进减污降碳源头防控的重要抓手。该研究重点围绕协同减污降碳优化规划方案这一关键问题,探索产业园区规划环评中开展温室气体评价的技术方法,并以某石化园区为例开展了实践探索。为了在环评中科学、合理地分析和评价温室气体减排潜力,从两方面探索评价技术方法:一是温室气体与大气耦合评价方法,开展温室气体评价重点排放设施能效分析,结合大气评价中空气质量目标改善要求和初步模拟预测结果,联合提出淘汰高耗低效热源设施、分阶段推进清洁能源替代的规划调整建议;二是研究创新温室气体评价和循环经济分析紧密结合的环评方法,遵循化工园区协同、合作、共享的一体化设计理念和循环经济理念,以资源循环降碳、能效提升降碳为目标,充分发挥化工园区碳固定、碳消纳的天然优势,促进园区内产业链协同。实证研究表明:①通过全面识别园区减污和降碳的关键环节,以“提效-控煤”为主线,温室气体评价与大气评价联合提出热源点整合方案;聚焦园区CO_(2)资源化利用、能源梯级利用,推动两家企业6套装置实施CO_(2)回收,并实施聚碳酸酯、碳酸乙烯酯等CO_(2)产业链利用项目,将零散企业余热资源统一纳网,实现余热余压利用,很好地验证了前述技术方法的可行性,以及温室气体评价对能源规划方案和产业循环经济方案的优化调整作用。②基于现行产业园区环评的评价技术流程,采用全过程纳入模式,提出了温室气体全过程评价技术框架,即现状评价“挖潜力”、规划分析“融理念”、影响识别“定目标”、影响评价“评趋势”、方案论证“明措施”、调整建议“优方案”。此外,对未来研究提出展望,一是增强污染防治与气候治理的协同性,二是关注难以量化的新排放源和非二氧化碳温室气体,三是结合不同园区面临的能源转型和环境目标压力,形成差异化的温室气体减排方案。该研究提出的技术框架和评价方法为优化化工园区环评源头管控作用起到有力支撑,具有重要的现实意义。

“双碳”目标下低碳农业技术发展应用条件评价及路径研究

“双碳”目标下,科学评估筛选适宜不同地域的农业减排固碳技术,并因地制宜制定低碳农业技术路径具有重要的现实意义.综合采取德尔菲法、层次分析法、多因素综合评价模型进行评价表明,种植、养殖、能源消耗3个方面42项技术中发展应用条件综合水平位于3≥Z≥2.5、 2.5>Z≥2、 2>Z≥1等3个区间的比重分别为16.67%,61.90%,21.43%,大部分技术在重庆具有较好的综合推广应用条件,其中种植方面最好;重庆低碳农业发展可采取分区分级思路,根据农业生产特点按粮食主产区、养殖集中区、生态脆弱区分区推进“双增双减”“稳能减排”“提能固碳”综合技术路径,根据技术发展应用条件水平分级优先推广位于3≥Z≥2.5区间的7项技术,以及位于2.5>Z≥2区间的26项技术.最后提出加快低碳农业技术的创新步伐、推广应用、发展环境建设等对策建议.

国有资本入驻是否有助于民营企业减排

国有资本是推动经济绿色转型的重要引擎,国有资本入驻民营企业,不仅可以有效规范民营企业污染排放行为,还可以通过打破民营企业发展桎梏以赋予企业创新活力,对于实现“双碳目标”和推动中国式现代化发展具有重要意义。本文运用工业企业与绿色发展数据库的匹配数据,考察国有资本入驻对民营企业减排行为的影响。研究发现,国有资本入驻后可有效减少民营企业污染排放,并且该减排效应在大规模企业、非战略性行业与财政分权水平较高的样本中表现更为突出。机制检验发现,国有资本入驻既可以通过放松企业融资约束与提高企业风险承担能力的方式促进民营企业技术创新,还可以通过将自身所承担的政策性社会目标融入民营企业中,以强化民企的社会责任意识,最终在“技术创新效应”和“社会责任效应”共同驱动下实现污染减排。特别的,虽然国有资本入驻不利于提升企业生产率,但国有资本入驻引致的“技术创新效应”有助于推动民企实现生产效率与绿色化的兼容发展。本研究为完善企业创新激励机制、优化环境治理与实现发展方式绿色转型提供新的视角和动力。

绿色技术创新对我国碳减排的影响——基于省级区域面板数据的实证分析

为了早日实现“碳达峰碳中和目标”,我国提出要建立健全绿色低碳循环发展的经济体系,而绿色技术创新是推动绿色高质量发展的关键核心,也是解决我国现实生态环境问题的重要支撑。为了研究绿色技术创新对地区碳减排的影响机制,文章基于我国30个省份2011-2020年的面板数据构建固定效应模型,并检验了能源利用率的中介机制和地方政府竞争的调节作用。研究发现,绿色技术创新可以显著促进碳减排,但这一促进作用在我国东部地区最显著,而在中部地区和西部地区不显著;进一步研究发现,绿色技术创新可以通过提高能源利用率促进碳减排,但地方政府竞争对绿色技术创新的促进作用起到负向调节作用。本研究为提高我国绿色技术创新能力、助力“双碳目标”的实现以及促进地方政府有序竞争提供了理论支撑和对策建议。

数字服务贸易开放能否有效推动碳减排?

数字服务贸易是数字化技术应用下贸易发展的新模式,或将成为碳减排的重要抓手。为此,本文基于2014—2021年全国30个省级行政区的数据,实证检验数字服务贸易开放对我国各省碳排放水平的影响。研究发现:数字服务贸易开放程度的提高能够有效降低各省的碳排放水平,并通过数字化产品替代效应和数字化政策倾向效应两条中介渠道实现。数字化产品替代程度越高、数字化政策的地区倾向效应越明显,数字服务贸易的开放对碳减排的推动作用就越强,且数字技术通过中介变量降低碳排放的作用效果也会增强。区分不同地区数字服务贸易对碳减排的影响发现,我国东中部地区数字服务贸易开放对碳减排的作用效果高于西部地区。

保定市碳达峰预测研究

本文利用2000-2018年的相关数据,基于STIRPAT模型预测保定市2019-2035年间的碳排放量。结果显示:在基准情景下,保定市未来碳排放量呈增长的趋势,并且在三种情景中碳排放量最高;技术减排和绝对低碳减排情景下,未来碳排放量显示出逐年降低的趋势,其中绝对低碳减排情景下碳排放减少幅度最大。研究结果表明,保定市已经实现碳达峰,未来应进一步通过技术进步调整产业结构、降低对化石能源的依赖程度。

绿色金融、技术创新与碳排放

绿色金融作为一种结合了金融与环境保护的金融创新工具,已经成为助推碳减排的新动能。基于2009-2021年我国30个省份的省级面板数据,结合双向固定效应、调节效应和分位数回归等方法,实证检验绿色金融对二氧化碳排放强度的影响及其作用机制。研究发现:绿色金融能够有效抑制碳排放强度,且这一结论具有稳健性;绿色金融可以通过技术创新来减少碳排放;绿色金融对碳排放的抑制作用先增加后减少;中西部地区和工业化水平更高的地区,绿色金融能够更有效地发挥碳减排效应。要通过积极开展动态的绿色金融实践工作,建立健全绿色金融体系,推动多元主体协同推进绿色金融发展。

可再生能源技术创新的减排效应:空间溢出与门槛特征

可再生能源技术创新是实现绿色低碳发展的重要动力。基于2003—2020年我国30个省份的面板数据,构建固定效应模型分析可再生能源技术创新对碳排放的影响及区域异质性,采用空间杜宾模型探究其空间溢出效应,并通过门槛回归模型检验可再生能源技术创新对碳排放的非线性影响。研究发现:就全国而言,可再生能源技术创新显著抑制碳排放;分区域来看,可再生能源技术创新的碳减排效应在东部地区显著,但在中部、西部及东北地区不显著;空间上,可再生能源技术创新不仅降低本地区的碳排放,同时促进邻近地区的碳减排;可再生能源技术创新对碳排放存在人口规模、研发投入、环境规制的门槛效应,较高的人口规模和研发投入、较低的环境规制可以强化可再生能源技术创新对碳减排的促进作用。

我国碳排放权交易市场对企业碳减排的效应与机制研究

碳排放权交易市场是我国政府激励企业碳减排、实现绿色低碳发展的重要环境规制工具。本文基于2008—2021年中国沪深两市A股上市企业的面板数据,从企业视角研究碳排放权交易市场对碳减排的影响及传导机制。研究表明:(1)碳排放权交易市场对企业碳减排有显著的促进作用;(2)在机制检验层面,绿色技术创新和企业碳信息披露在碳排放权交易市场对企业碳减排影响中发挥了中介作用,政府的参与加强了碳排放权交易市场对企业碳减的促进作用;(3)异质性分析发现:碳排放权交易市场的实施对非国有企业的碳减排效果强于国有企业,相比于非高耗能行业,碳排放权交易市场的实施对促进高耗能行业碳减排效果更加明显。本文不仅为全国碳排放权交易市场建设提供理论参考,也为促进企业绿色低碳转型、推进碳达峰碳中和提供了政策智力支撑。