Operation optimization strategy of existing residential building energy-saving renovation market:From the perspective of subject behavior

The energy-saving renovation of existing residential buildings is a crucial measure to achieve the strategic goal of energy conservation and emission reduction in China and build ecologically livable cities.This article focuses on the perspective of subject behavior,starting from analyzing the current situation and difficulties of the operation of the energy-saving renovation market for existing residential buildings in China,drawing on the practical experience of the operation of the existing residential building energy-saving renovation market abroad.Based on principles such as systematicity,humanization,feasibility,and sustainability,the article constructs an operation optimization system of the existing residential building energy-saving renovation market from the perspective of subject behavior.In order to provide a reference for the healthy and orderly operation of the existing residential building energy-saving renovation market,this paper proposes implementation strategies for optimizing the operation of the existing residential building energy-saving renovation market.Suggestions are proposed from four aspects:optimizing the market environment,innovating the financing model,building the information sharing platform,and utilizing the synergies of the main subjects.

Incentive operation characteristics and influence feedback of existing building energy-saving renovation market development

The quality of the existing building energy-saving renovation market determines the inherent inevitability of incentive,while unique requirements for the incentive should be satisfied by stage characteristics and individualization of the three entities of the existing building energy-saving renovation market development.Firstly,the analysis of internal and external factors’composition and system influencing the existing construction market development incentive structure was performed.Then,system dynamics was implemented to build the feedback model of incentive effects of market development of existing buildings energy-saving reconstruction.Discussions on the realization path of the incentive for the development of the existing energy-saving building market were also pointed out.Finally,this paper conducted the analysis of the dynamic feedback characteristics and key incentive factors of the incentive for the development of the existing building energy-saving renovation market.Based on the analyses and discussions above,this paper provides methodological guidance and implementation approach for the incentive path selection and policy-making of the existing building energy-saving transformation market,trying to help improve the incentive effectiveness of the market,and also promote healthy and sustainable development of the existing building energy-saving renovation market.

Application of the Regulations on Drawing of a Safe Firing Area Map in Weather Modification Operation

Technology for safe firing area maps was introduced firstly,and then potential danger after the launching of shells by an antiaircraft gun and a rocket was analyzed.Finally,problems in the process of applying the regulations and their solutions were discussed.The application of safe firing area maps can provide technical support for the efficient development of weather modification operation.

Tianwan sets a national record for continuous and safe operation in first fuel cycle

On May 1st, China National Nuclear Corporation(CNNC) announced in Beijing that unit 1 and unit 2 ofTianwan Nuclear Power Plant cooperatively constructedby China and Russia have completed in succession thefirst fuel cycle operation continuously and safely. It is

Research on Operation of UAVs in Non-isolated Airspace

In order to explore the safe operation of UAVs in non-segregated airspace,a collision risk model for cylindrical UAVs based on conflict areas was constructed and the risk of conflict between manned and unmanned aerial vehicles was researched.According to the results of risk analysis,a strategy for solving the conflict of aircraft is proposed,and the risk assessment experiment of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)in non-isolated airspace conflict is carried out.The results show that under the experimental conditions,large unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with ADS-B,TCAS and other airborne sensing systems will indeed interfere with other aircraft in airspace when they enter non-isolated airspace.Especially when the number of aircraft in airspace is large,the automatic avoidance system of UAV will increase the avoidance time and trigger the safety alarm,but the safety level is still acceptable.This indicates that it is relatively safe for UAVs to enter non-isolated airspace under limited conditions.The results can be used as a reference for the safe operation of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)in non-isolated airspace.

SiC trench MOSFET with dual shield gate and optimized JFET layer for improved dynamic performance and safe operating area capability

A novel silicon carbide(SiC) trench metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor(MOSFET) with a dual shield gate(DSG) and optimized junction field-effect transistor(JFET) layer(ODSG-TMOS) is proposed. The combination of the DSG and optimized JFET layer not only significantly improves the device’s dynamic performance but also greatly enhances the safe operating area(SOA). Numerical analysis is carried out with Silvaco TCAD to study the performance of the proposed structure. Simulation results show that comparing with the conventional asymmetric trench MOSFET(Con-ATMOS), the specific on-resistance(Ron,sp) is significantly reduced at almost the same avalanche breakdown voltage(BVav). Moreover, the DSG structure brings about much smaller reverse transfer capacitance(Crss) and input capacitance(Ciss), which helps to reduce the gate–drain charge(Qgd) and gate charge(Qg). Therefore, the high frequency figure of merit(HFFOM) of Ron,sp·Qgdand Ron,sp· Qgfor the proposed ODSG-TMOS are improved by 83.5% and 76.4%, respectively.The switching power loss of the proposed ODSG-TMOS is 77.0% lower than that of the Con-ATMOS. In addition, the SOA of the proposed device is also enhanced. The saturation drain current(Id,sat) at a gate voltage(Vgs) of 15 V for the ODSGTMOS is reduced by 17.2% owing to the JFET effect provided by the lower shield gate(SG) at a large drain voltage. With the reduced Id,sat, the short-circuit withstand time is improved by 87.5% compared with the Con-ATMOS. The large-current turn-off capability is also improved, which is important for the widely used inductive load applications.

改良后腹腔镜(SAFE术式)重复肾输尿管切除术的疗效分析

目的探讨改良后腹腔镜(SAFE术式)重复肾输尿管切除术的治疗效果、手术技巧以及医师疲劳程度。方法回顾性收集2016年7月到2019年12月7例SAFE术式重复肾输尿管切除术患者的临床资料,分析手术时间、术中出血量、术后肠道恢复时间及残余肾功能等相关指标,并用疲劳指数量表评价医师疲劳程度。结果7例患者手术均成功,无严重并发症,手术时间115~175 min;术中出血量40~120 ml;术后肠道功能恢复时间1~3 d;手术医师操作疲劳程度为中低度,术后随访1~18个月,残肾功能良好。结论SAFE术式重复肾输尿管切除术安全有效,患者创伤小、恢复快,手术医师操作体位舒适,疲劳程度低。

考虑净负荷不确定性的配电网协同调度

如何实现可再生能源的最大化消纳同时保证配电网的安全经济运行成为亟须解决的问题。首先,将节点上的可再生能源出力和负荷聚合为净负荷并以区间描述其不确定性,同时将系统中调节能力在节点上的映射以端点可优化的区间描述,以调节能力区间和净负荷扰动区间的公共部分反映该节点净负荷扰动的可接纳域。然后,基于优先目标规划,构建了以最大化净负荷扰动可接纳域、最小化配电网运行总成本、最小化电压偏差为目标的考虑净负荷不确定性的3层优化模型,进而得到协同考虑新能源最大化消纳、运行成本合理、节点电压波动最小化的优化方案,保证了配电网运行的安全性、可靠性与经济性。最后,基于改进的IEEE 33节点配网算例,验证了该模型和方法的有效性。

露天矿山无人驾驶编组运行关键技术

分析了当前国内外露天矿山智能化发展现状;介绍了无人驾驶编组运行阶段关键技术,包括:构建智能化管理与监控系统、无人驾驶改造、数据实时传输,以及构建协同作业管理系统和无人运输安全防护网,从而实现露天矿山装、运、排联合作业智能化。结果表明:逐步完善监控、数据处理、路径规划、防护措施,可保障无人驾驶编组运行稳定推进,为消除人员不安全行为、保障职工生命健康、降本增效提供现实可行性,从而实现智能化露天矿山安全稳定发展目标。

缆机安全运行本体知识表示及复用方法

为解决缆机运行管理过程中,大量多源异构结构化和非结构化知识难以复用及知识管理效率低的问题,分析缆机安装和运维过程中积累的大量技术规范、专家经验等安全知识,提取缆机运行相关实体类,采用五元组模型结构化表达缆机安全运行本体知识,并建立类间二元关系,使用Protégé中的本体表达语言程序化表示;构建缆机实体、安全预警、应急预案3大领域本体知识库;采用3Dmax软件,构建缆机运行三维场景模型,导入Unity3D引擎,在用户界面和交互功能中,实现本体知识库知识检索;针对缆机各实体存在的安全隐患、事故实例、应急预案,构建完整的缆机安全运行知识检索三维可视化平台。结果表明:缆机安全运行本体知识库,能够集中统一管理各种缆机安全运行知识,结合知识检索平台,可实现知识的高效查询和复用。

深水控压钻井隔水管系统连接作业窗口分析

深水控压钻井(managed pressure drilling,MPD)技术是深水钻井解决钻井液密度窗口较窄问题的重要钻井技术,但目前对于深水MPD隔水管系统连接作业窗口研究较少。基于欧拉-伯努利梁理论,在常规钻井隔水管数学模型的基础上,考虑管内高压及钻井液流速的影响,采用直接刚度矩阵法建立深水MPD隔水管系统理论模型,采用有限元法对理论模型进行离散并采用MATLAB软件开发MPD隔水管数值计算求解器。以南海某1600 m深水井为例,在同样的计算参数下,分别使用本文求解器与ABAQUS软件计算MPD隔水管系统的力学响应,结果表明本文求解器与ABAQUS软件计算结果吻合良好。在此基础上,开展深水MPD隔水管系统连接作业窗口分析,并研究管内高压和钻井液流速对作业窗口的影响。研究结果表明,管内高压对MPD隔水管连接作业窗口影响较大,而钻井液流速对作业窗口影响较小,MPD隔水管连接作业窗口稍大于常规隔水管连接作业窗口,从而可提高深水钻井时效。

秦岭天台山超长公路隧道群关键技术创新与实践

针对秦岭天台山超长公路隧道群在建设和运营过程中面临的工程建设难度大,运营管理复杂、安全风险高以及运营能耗高等诸多技术难题,围绕安全智慧运营、安全快速施工、单层衬砌支护、自然能源利用等方向,系统总结了秦岭山区特殊地质地形条件下32 km隧道群建设与运营过程中系列创新技术成果。主要结论:1)通过超长隧道群安全智慧运营技术创新与应用,破解山区超长连续公路隧道群运营安全保障难题;2)通过公路隧道安全快速施工技术创新与应用,突破超长大断面公路隧道机械化安全快速施工瓶颈;3)通过公路隧道单层衬砌支护技术创新与应用,构建硬质岩公路隧道单层衬砌支护体系;4)通过公路隧道利用自然能源技术推广应用,探索超长公路隧道绿色低碳运行。

连续管服役寿命实时预警系统开发与应用

为提高连续管服役寿命评估的准确性和可靠性,构建连续管服役寿命实时预警系统。采用数据清洗方法提升采集数据质量,结合疲劳寿命与极限承载理论建立预警模型并考虑各种工况进行修正;基于Python和SQL数据库对系统进行开发,通过试验和国外系统软件进行对比分析。研究结果表明:系统疲劳寿命和极限承载理论模型的平均相对误差分别为8.07%和6.41%,最大累积疲劳寿命与国外系统软件最大绝对差值为2.06%,极限载荷范围基本一致。研究结果可准确评估连续管服役寿命,实现连续管服役寿命实时预警,保障连续管安全作业。

液化气脱硫醇装置尾气治理改造及运行总结

针对中国石化济南分公司液化气脱硫醇装置尾气治理部分工艺流程存在的一些问题,对尾气治理部分工艺流程进行了升级改造,实现了脱硫醇尾气“零排放”,同时对运行期间主要设备出现的异常情况进行了原因分析,并进行相应的处置措施,确保装置平稳安全运行。

数字孪生太浦闸建设关键技术研究与应用

针对太浦闸调度及安全运行依赖人工经验,缺乏理论方法指导和专业模型辅助等痛点问题,围绕水闸安全运行和调度运行业务,重点研究平原感潮河网流量预测和工程安全评价技术,以太浦闸上下游关键位置水位流量为变量,训练构建平原感潮河网流量预测神经网络模型,构建真实反映工程及设备运行状态的评价指标集,利用层次分析法建立工程设备安全评价模型,分别应用于太浦闸的闸门调度和工程安全运行业务。太浦闸实际运行观测结果表明:2种模型方法应用后闸门调整次数同比下降40%,调整精准度提高5%。研究成果可为国内同类闸站融合数字孪生技术的调度运行和安全运行提供建设示范及经验借鉴。

城市生命线安全运行监测系统设计

文章介绍了城市生命线建设背景、运行监测系统架构及系统设计要求,并以天长市城市生命线工程(一期)供水安全监测项目为例,对城市生命线安全运行监测系统的设计做了详细解析。

客运索道的信息化管理与建设

随着科技的快速发展和信息化趋势的加强,客运索道信息化管理已经成为提升运营效率和服务质量的重要手段。文中阐述了客运索道信息化管理的内涵与重要性,着重描述了索道信息化建设的原则,探讨了索道信息化建设的方法。以某索道信息化管理系统为例,介绍了其运行效果,为索道行业提供参考和借鉴。

短区间特殊信号显示关系及点灯电路设计方案优化研究

针对短区间列车反向追踪运行的特殊需求,深入研究信号显示关系及其配套点灯电路设计方案。首先,分析车站正线与到发线列车行车组织方式和允许速度的差异性,提出基于实际允许速度设计短区间信号显示关系,取消侧线红灯重复显示,以提升到发线的行车组织效率和车站的通过能力;其次,根据信号“故障-安全”原则及点灯电路技术条件,在兼容现有四显示出站信号机点灯电路的基础上,通过增加灯丝监督继电器,优化反向发车信号显示,以适应短区间反向按四显示追踪运行的需求。经仿真测试和实际应用验证,结果表明该方案能够保障行车安全,提高短区间列车运行效率,为铁路枢纽和繁忙干线短区间特殊信号显示关系优化及点灯电路设计提供参考和借鉴。

新型电力系统居民分布式资源管理综述

随着新型电力系统建设加快推进,能源供需平衡模式正在经历由“源随荷动”向“源荷互动”的深刻变革。靠近电力需求侧的居民分布式资源以其庞大规模和灵活调节能力,具备支撑新型电力系统清洁低碳、安全高效发展的潜力。为此,在全面梳理国内外居民分布式资源管理具体进展的基础上,阐述其对新型电力系统建设的推动作用。首先,介绍了户用光伏、户用储能、电动汽车、柔性负荷4类居民分布式资源,并阐述了居民分布式资源管理概念及发展。其次,围绕新型电力系统四大关键特征,讨论了分布式资源在促进电网安全高效运行、推动能源清洁低碳转型、实现电力柔性灵活调控、助力智慧融合系统建设4个方面发挥的重要作用。同时,从政策制度与管理机制、硬件设备与软件平台、管理技术与优化方法 3个方面综述了居民分布式资源管理的核心要素,并分析了居民分布式资源管理内外部重要影响因素。最后,提出了对新型电力系统居民分布式资源管理的未来展望,包括完善政策机制、升级基础设施、优化市场交易、强化技术方法 4个方向。