Reform of the Comprehensive Practical Course System for Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Majors Under the Background of New Engineering

Under the background of new engineering,the reform of the comprehensive practical course system for mechanical and electronic engineering majors actively responds to the challenges posed by the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation to higher education,cultivating top-notch innovative intellectuals with comprehensive engineering qualities,meeting the requirements of being able to solve complex engineering problems rather than just cognitive capabilities,forming two core courses through reconstructing and reshaping the core courses of the major.The core courses include Drive,Measurement,and Control I and Drive,Measurement,and Control II,which highlight the comprehensive framework of mechanical and electronic engineering professional knowledge,continuing the comprehensive practical course system based on the unity of knowledge and practice,following the trend of new engineering,highlighting the practicality of professional innovation,assisting engineering education reform,and promoting high-quality development of new engineering professionals cultivation.

Model-Based Systems Engineering Approach to Design a Human Settlement to Better Serve Displaced People

The challenge of transitioning from temporary humanitarian settlements to more sustainable human settlements is due to a significant increase in the number of forcibly displaced people over recent decades, difficulties in providing social services that meet the required standards, and the prolongation of emergencies. Despite this challenging context, short-term considerations continue to guide their planning and management rather than more integrated, longer-term perspectives, thus preventing viable, sustainable development. Over the years, the design of humanitarian settlements has not been adapted to local contexts and perspectives, nor to the dynamics of urbanization and population growth and data. In addition, the current approach to temporary settlement harms the environment and can strain limited resources. Inefficient land use and ad hoc development models have compounded difficulties and generated new challenges. As a result, living conditions in settlements have deteriorated over the last few decades and continue to pose new challenges. The stakes are such that major shortcomings have emerged along the way, leading to disruption, budget overruns in a context marked by a steady decline in funding. However, some attempts have been made to shift towards more sustainable approaches, but these have mainly focused on vague, sector-oriented themes, failing to consider systematic and integration views. This study is a contribution in addressing these shortcomings by designing a model-driving solution, emphasizing an integrated system conceptualized as a system of systems. This paper proposes a new methodology for designing an integrated and sustainable human settlement model, based on Model-Based Systems Engineering and a Systems Modeling Language to provide valuable insights toward sustainable solutions for displaced populations aligning with the United Nations 2030 agenda for sustainable development.

Exploration and Research on Textbook Quality Evaluation Index System Based on Engineering Major in Higher Education

The report of the Chinese 20th National Congress put forward“strengthening the construction and management of textbooks”for the first time,which indicates the importance of textbook construction and highlights the vital position of textbooks in the overall development of the country.From the perspective of textbook quality,and based on the research and analysis of the policy requirements and current evaluation indicators of higher education textbooks,this paper establishes the textbook quality evaluation index system composed of basic indicators and evaluation indicators.This system is based on the principles of science,comprehensiveness,operability,and target-oriented approach.It provides a relatively scientific,objective,and fair reference system for the management and evaluation of textbooks.

Reform of Practical Teaching of “Linux Operating System Fundamentals” Under the Background of Emerging Engineering Education

With the advancement of the construction of emerging engineering education,the reform of practical teaching has become an important task of higher engineering education.This article takes the course“Linux Operating System Fundamentals”as an example to explore practical teaching reform in the context of emerging engineering education.By analyzing the current situation and problems in course practical teaching,we proposed practical teaching reforms such as online experiments,practical content updates,project-based engineering practices,and diversified evaluation models,and designed corresponding implementation plans.Practice has proved that this reform can improve students’learning interest and engineering practical skills,and cultivate outstanding engineers with innovative spirit and practical skills.

Biomimetic natural biomaterials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine:new biosynthesis methods,recent advances,and emerging applications

Biomimetic materials have emerged as attractive and competitive alternatives for tissue engineering(TE)and regenerative medicine.In contrast to conventional biomaterials or synthetic materials,biomimetic scaffolds based on natural biomaterial can offer cells a broad spectrum of biochemical and biophysical cues that mimic the in vivo extracellular matrix(ECM).Additionally,such materials have mechanical adaptability,micro-structure interconnectivity,and inherent bioactivity,making them ideal for the design of living implants for specific applications in TE and regenerative medicine.This paper provides an overview for recent progress of biomimetic natural biomaterials(BNBMs),including advances in their preparation,functionality,potential applications and future challenges.We highlight recent advances in the fabrication of BNBMs and outline general strategies for functionalizing and tailoring the BNBMs with various biological and physicochemical characteristics of native ECM.Moreover,we offer an overview of recent key advances in the functionalization and applications of versatile BNBMs for TE applications.Finally,we conclude by offering our perspective on open challenges and future developments in this rapidly-evolving field.

Phase-engineering modulation of Mn-based oxide cathode for constructing super-stable sodium storage

The Mn-based oxide cathode with enriched crystal phase structure and component diversity can provide the excellent chemistry structure for Na-ion batteries.Nevertheless,the broad application prospect is obstructed by the sluggish Na^(+)kinetics and the phase transitions upon cycling.Herein,we establish the thermodynamically stable phase diagram of various Mn-based oxide composites precisely controlled by sodium content tailoring strategy coupling with co-doping and solid-state reaction.The chemical environment of the P2/P'3 and P2/P3 biphasic composites indicate that the charge compensation mechanism stems from the cooperative contribution of anions and cations.Benefiting from the no phase transition to scavenge the structure strain,P2/P'3 electrode can deliver long cycling stability(capacity retention of 73.8%after 1000 cycles at 10 C)and outstanding rate properties(the discharge capacity of 84.08 mA h g^(-1)at 20 C)than P2/P3 electrode.Furthermore,the DFT calculation demonstrates that the introducing novel P'3 phase can significantly regulate the Na^(+)reaction dynamics and modify the local electron configuration of Mn.The effective phase engineering can provide a reference for designing other high-performance electrode materials for Na-ion batteries.

Decade Milestone Advancement of Defect-Engineered g-C_(3)N_(4) for Solar Catalytic Applications

Over the past decade, graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4)) has emerged as a universal photocatalyst toward various sustainable carbo-neutral technologies. Despite solar applications discrepancy, g-C_(3)N_(4) is still confronted with a general fatal issue of insufficient supply of thermodynamically active photocarriers due to its inferior solar harvesting ability and sluggish charge transfer dynamics. Fortunately, this could be significantly alleviated by the “all-in-one” defect engineering strategy, which enables a simultaneous amelioration of both textural uniqueness and intrinsic electronic band structures. To this end, we have summarized an unprecedently comprehensive discussion on defect controls including the vacancy/non-metallic dopant creation with optimized electronic band structure and electronic density, metallic doping with ultraactive coordinated environment(M–N_(x), M–C_(2)N_(2), M–O bonding), functional group grafting with optimized band structure, and promoted crystallinity with extended conjugation π system with weakened interlayered van der Waals interaction. Among them, the defect states induced by various defect types such as N vacancy, P/S/halogen dopants, and cyano group in boosting solar harvesting and accelerating photocarrier transfer have also been emphasized. More importantly, the shallow defect traps identified by femtosecond transient absorption spectra(fs-TAS) have also been highlighted. It is believed that this review would pave the way for future readers with a unique insight into a more precise defective g-C_(3)N_(4) “customization”, motivating more profound thinking and flourishing research outputs on g-C_(3)N_(4)-based photocatalysis.

Research on Distributed System Course Under the Background of New Engineering

Distributed System Course is a professional computer course of Harbin Institute of Technology.With the guidance of the education strategy under the background of New Engineering,we adhere to the concept of cultivating diverse and innovative outstanding engineering and technology talents.This course conducts research on the teaching content,teaching mode,and evaluation system.It combines the traditional teaching mode with the online teaching mode,as well as problem-driven theories with practice,and adopts a diversified evaluation system.The research of the course has fully mobilized students’learning enthusiasm,improved teaching quality,and achieved significant teaching results.

Compositional and Hollow Engineering of Silicon Carbide/Carbon Microspheres as High-Performance Microwave Absorbing Materials with Good Environmental Tolerance

Microwave absorbing materials(MAMs)characterized by high absorption efficiency and good environmental tolerance are highly desirable in practical applications.Both silicon carbide and carbon are considered as stable MAMs under some rigorous conditions,while their composites still fail to produce satisfactory microwave absorption performance regardless of the improvements as compared with the individuals.Herein,we have successfully implemented compositional and structural engineering to fabricate hollow Si C/C microspheres with controllable composition.The simultaneous modulation on dielectric properties and impedance matching can be easily achieved as the change in the composition of these composites.The formation of hollow structure not only favors lightweight feature,but also generates considerable contribution to microwave attenuation capacity.With the synergistic effect of composition and structure,the optimized SiC/C composite exhibits excellent performance,whose the strongest reflection loss intensity and broadest effective absorption reach-60.8 dB and 5.1 GHz,respectively,and its microwave absorption properties are actually superior to those of most SiC/C composites in previous studies.In addition,the stability tests of microwave absorption capacity after exposure to harsh conditions and Radar Cross Section simulation data demonstrate that hollow SiC/C microspheres from compositional and structural optimization have a bright prospect in practical applications.

Biomaterials and emerging technologies for tissue engineering and in vitro models

The latest advances in the field of biomaterials have opened new avenues for scientific breakthroughs in tissue engineer-ing which greatly contributed for the successful translation of tissue engineering products into the market/clinics.Bio-materials are easily processed to become similar to natural extracellular matrix,making them ideal temporary supports for mimicking the three-dimensional(3D)microenvironment required for maintaining the adequate cell/tissue functions both in vitro and in vivo^([1]).

Frilled Lizard Optimization: A Novel Bio-Inspired Optimizer for Solving Engineering Applications

This research presents a novel nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm called Frilled Lizard Optimization(FLO),which emulates the unique hunting behavior of frilled lizards in their natural habitat.FLO draws its inspiration from the sit-and-wait hunting strategy of these lizards.The algorithm’s core principles are meticulously detailed and mathematically structured into two distinct phases:(i)an exploration phase,which mimics the lizard’s sudden attack on its prey,and(ii)an exploitation phase,which simulates the lizard’s retreat to the treetops after feeding.To assess FLO’s efficacy in addressing optimization problems,its performance is rigorously tested on fifty-two standard benchmark functions.These functions include unimodal,high-dimensional multimodal,and fixed-dimensional multimodal functions,as well as the challenging CEC 2017 test suite.FLO’s performance is benchmarked against twelve established metaheuristic algorithms,providing a comprehensive comparative analysis.The simulation results demonstrate that FLO excels in both exploration and exploitation,effectively balancing these two critical aspects throughout the search process.This balanced approach enables FLO to outperform several competing algorithms in numerous test cases.Additionally,FLO is applied to twenty-two constrained optimization problems from the CEC 2011 test suite and four complex engineering design problems,further validating its robustness and versatility in solving real-world optimization challenges.Overall,the study highlights FLO’s superior performance and its potential as a powerful tool for tackling a wide range of optimization problems.

Magnesium-incorporated biocomposite scaffolds:A novel frontier in bone tissue engineering

Nonunion represents a crucial challenge in orthopedic medicine,demanding innovative solutions beyond the scope of traditional bone grafting methods.Among the various strategies available,magnesium(Mg)implants have been recognized for their biocompatibility and biodegradability.However,their susceptibility to rapid corrosion and degradation has garnered notable research interest in bone tissue engineering(BTE),particularly in the development of Mg-incorporated biocomposite scaffolds.These scaffolds gradually release Mg2+,which enhances immunomodulation,osteogenesis,and angiogenesis,thus facilitating effective bone regeneration.This review presents myriad fabrication techniques used to create Mg-incorporated biocomposite scaffolds,including electrospinning,three-dimensional printing,and sol-gel synthesis.Despite these advancements,the application of Mg-incorporated biocomposite scaffolds faces challenges such as controlling the degradation rate of Mg and ensuring mechanical stability.These limitations highlight the necessity for ongoing research aimed at refining fabrication techniques to better regulate the physicochemical and osteogenic properties of scaffolds.This review provides insights into the potential of Mg-incorporated biocomposite scaffolds for BTE and the challenges that need to be addressed for their successful translation into clinical applications.

Constructing a biofunctionalized 3D-printed gelatin/sodium alginate/chitosan tri-polymer complex scaffold with improvised biological andmechanical properties for bone-tissue engineering

Sodium alginate(SA)/chitosan(CH)polyelectrolyte scaffold is a suitable substrate for tissue-engineering application.The present study deals with further improvement in the tensile strength and biological properties of this type of scaffold to make it a potential template for bone-tissue regeneration.We experimented with adding 0%–15%(volume fraction)gelatin(GE),a protein-based biopolymer known to promote cell adhesion,proliferation,and differentiation.The resulting tri-polymer complex was used as bioink to fabricate SA/CH/GEmatrices by three-dimensional(3D)printing.Morphological studies using scanning electron microscopy revealed the microfibrous porous architecture of all the structures,which had a pore size range of 383–419μm.X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analyses revealed the amorphous nature of the scaffold and the strong electrostatic interactions among the functional groups of the polymers,thereby forming polyelectrolyte complexes which were found to improve mechanical properties and structural stability.The scaffolds exhibited a desirable degradation rate,controlled swelling,and hydrophilic characteristics which are favorable for bone-tissue engineering.The tensile strength improved from(386±15)to(693±15)kPa due to the increased stiffness of SA/CH scaffolds upon addition of gelatin.The enhanced protein adsorption and in vitro bioactivity(forming an apatite layer)confirmed the ability of the SA/CH/GE scaffold to offer higher cellular adhesion and a bone-like environment to cells during the process of tissue regeneration.In vitro biological evaluation including the MTT assay,confocal microscopy analysis,and alizarin red S assay showed a significant increase in cell attachment,cell viability,and cell proliferation,which further improved biomineralization over the scaffold surface.In addition,SA/CH containing 15%gelatin designated as SA/CH/GE15 showed superior performance to the other fabricated 3D structures,demonstrating its potential for use in bone-tissue engineering.

The marriage of immunomodulatory,angiogenic,and osteogenic capabilities in a piezoelectric hydrogel tissue engineering scafold for military medicine

Background:Most bone-related injuries to grassroots troops are caused by training or accidental injuries.To establish preventive measures to reduce all kinds of trauma and improve the combat effectiveness of grassroots troops,it is imperative to develop new strategies and scafolds to promote bone regeneration.Methods:In this study,a porous piezoelectric hydrogel bone scafold was fabricated by incorporating polydopamine(PDA)-modified ceramic hydroxyapatite(PDA-hydroxyapatite,PHA)and PDA-modified barium titanate(PDABaTiO_(3),PBT)nanoparticles into a chitosan/gelatin(Cs/Gel)matrix.The physical and chemical properties of the Cs/Gel/PHA scafold with 0–10 wt%PBT were analyzed.Cell and animal experiments were performed to characterize the immunomodulatory,angiogenic,and osteogenic capabilities of the piezoelectric hydrogel scafold in vitro and in vivo.Results:The incorporation of BaTiO_(3) into the scafold improved its mechanical properties and increased self-generated electricity.Due to their endogenous piezoelectric stimulation and bioactive constituents,the prepared Cs/Gel/PHA/PBT hydrogels exhibited cytocompatibility as well as immunomodulatory,angiogenic,and osteogenic capabilities;they not only effectively induced macrophage polarization to M2 phenotype but also promoted the migration,tube formation,and angiogenic differentiation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)and facilitated the migration,osteodifferentiation,and extracellular matrix(ECM)mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells.The in vivo evaluations showed that these piezoelectric hydrogels with versatile capabilities significantly facilitated new bone formation in a rat large-sized cranial injury model.The underlying molecular mechanism can be partly attributed to the immunomodulation of the Cs/Gel/PHA/PBT hydrogels as shown via transcriptome sequencing analysis,and the PI3K/Akt signaling axis plays an important role in regulating macrophage M2 polarization.Conclusion:The piezoelectric Cs/Gel/PHA/PBT hydrogels developed here with favorable immunomodulation,angiogenesis,and osteogenesis functions may be used as a substitute in periosteum injuries,thereby offering the novel strategy of applying piezoelectric stimulation in bone tissue engineering for the enhancement of combat efectiveness in grassroots troops.

Phase engineering of Ni-Mn binary layered oxide cathodes for sodiumion batteries

Nickel-manganese binary layered oxides with high working potential and low cost are potential candidates for sodium-ion batteries,but their electrochemical properties are highly related to compositional diversity.Diverse composite materials with various phase structures of P3,P2/P3,P2,P2/O3,and P2/P3/O3 were synthesized by manipulating the sodium content and calcination conditions,leading to the construction of a synthetic phase diagram for Na_(x)Ni_(0.25)Mn_(0.75)O_(2)(0.45≤x≤1.1).Then,we compared the electrochemical characteristics and structural evolution during the desodiation/sodiation process of P2,P2/P3,P2/03,and P2/P3/O3-Na_(x)Ni_(0.25)Mn_(0.75)O_(2).Among them,P2/P3-Na0.75Ni0.25Mn0.75O2exhibits the best rate capability of 90.9 mA h g^(-1)at 5 C,with an initial discharge capacity of 142.62 mA h g^(-1)at 0.1 C and a capacity retention rate of 78.25%after 100 cycles at 1 C in the voltage range of 2-4.3 V.The observed superior sodium storage performance of P2/P3 hybrids compared to other composite phases can be attributed to the enhanced Na^(+)transfer dynamic,reduction of the Jahn-teller effect,and improved reaction reversibility induced by the synergistic effect of P2 and P3 phases.The systematic research and exploration of phases in Na_(x)Ni_(0.25)Mn_(0.75)O_(2)provide new sights into high-performance nickel-manganese binary layered oxide for sodium-ion batteries.

Bioengineered skin organoids:from development to applications

Signifcant advancements have been made in recent years in the development of highly sophisticated skin organoids.Serving as three-dimensional(3D)models that mimic human skin,these organoids have evolved into complex structures and are increasingly recognized as efective alternatives to traditional culture models and human skin due to their ability to overcome the limitations of two-dimensional(2D)systems and ethical concerns.The inherent plasticity of skin organoids allows for their construction into physiological and pathological models,enabling the study of skin development and dynamic changes.This review provides an overview of the pivotal work in the progression from 3D layered epidermis to cyst-like skin organoids with appendages.Furthermore,it highlights the latest advancements in organoid construction facilitated by state-of-the-art engineering techniques,such as 3D printing and microfuidic devices.The review also summarizes and discusses the diverse applications of skin organoids in developmental biology,disease modelling,regenerative medicine,and personalized medicine,while considering their prospects and limitations.

Solvation Engineering via Fluorosurfactant Additive Toward Boosted Lithium-Ion Thermoelectrochemical Cells

Lithium-ion thermoelectrochemical cell(LTEC), featuring simultaneous energy conversion and storage, has emerged as promising candidate for low-grade heat harvesting. However, relatively poor thermosensitivity and heat-to-current behavior limit the application of LTECs using LiPF_6 electrolyte. Introducing additives into bulk electrolyte is a reasonable strategy to solve such problem by modifying the solvation structure of electrolyte ions. In this work, we develop a dual-salt electrolyte with fluorosurfactant(FS) additive to achieve high thermopower and durability of LTECs during the conversion of low-grade heat into electricity. The addition of FS induces a unique Li~+ solvation with the aggregated double anions through a crowded electrolyte environment,resulting in an enhanced mobility kinetics of Li~+ as well as boosted thermoelectrochemical performances. By coupling optimized electrolyte with graphite electrode, a high thermopower of 13.8 mV K^(-1) and a normalized output power density of 3.99 mW m^(–2) K^(–2) as well as an outstanding output energy density of 607.96 J m^(-2) can be obtained.These results demonstrate that the optimization of electrolyte by regulating solvation structure will inject new vitality into the construction of thermoelectrochemical devices with attractive properties.

A brief review on the recent development of phonon engineering and manipulation at nanoscales

Phonons are the quantum mechanical descriptions of vibrational modes that manifest themselves in many physical properties of condensed matter systems. As the size of electronic devices continues to decrease below mean free paths of acoustic phonons, the engineering of phonon spectra at the nanoscale becomes an important topic. Phonon manipulation allows for active control and management of heat fow, enabling functions such as regulated heat transport. At the same time, phonon transmission, as a novel signal transmission method, holds great potential to revolutionize modern industry like microelectronics technology, and boasts wide-ranging applications. Unlike fermions such as electrons, polarity regulation is difficult to act on phonons as bosons, making the development of effective phonon modulation methods a daunting task.This work reviews the development of phonon engineering and strategies of phonon manipulation at different scales, reports the latest research progress of nanophononic devices such as thermal rectifiers, thermal transistors, thermal memories, and thermoelectric devices,and analyzes the phonon transport mechanisms involved. Lastly, we survey feasible perspectives and research directions of phonon engineering. Thermoelectric analogies, external field regulation, and acousto-optic co-optimization are expected to become future research hotspots.

Dual-Defect Engineering Strategy Enables High-Durability Rechargeable Magnesium-Metal Batteries

Rechargeable magnesium-metal batteries(RMMBs)are promising next-generation secondary batteries;however,their development is inhibited by the low capacity and short cycle lifespan of cathodes.Although various strategies have been devised to enhance the Mg^(2+)migration kinetics and structural stability of cathodes,they fail to improve electronic conductivity,rendering the cathodes incompatible with magnesium-metal anodes.Herein,we propose a dual-defect engineering strategy,namely,the incorporation of Mg^(2+)pre-intercalation defect(P-Mgd)and oxygen defect(Od),to simultaneously improve the Mg^(2+)migration kinetics,structural stability,and electronic conductivity of the cathodes of RMMBs.Using lamellar V_(2)O_(5)·nH_(2)O as a demo cathode material,we prepare a cathode comprising Mg_(0.07)V_(2)O_(5)·1.4H_(2)O nanobelts composited with reduced graphene oxide(MVOH/rGO)with P-Mgd and Od.The Od enlarges interlayer spacing,accelerates Mg^(2+)migration kinetics,and prevents structural collapse,while the P-Mgd stabilizes the lamellar structure and increases electronic conductivity.Consequently,the MVOH/rGO cathode exhibits a high capacity of 197 mAh g^(−1),and the developed Mg foil//MVOH/rGO full cell demonstrates an incredible lifespan of 850 cycles at 0.1 A g^(−1),capable of powering a light-emitting diode.The proposed dual-defect engineering strategy provides new insights into developing high-durability,high-capacity cathodes,advancing the practical application of RMMBs,and other new secondary batteries.

Intrinsic pentagon defect engineering in multiple spatial-scale carbon frameworks for efficient triiodide reduction

Intrinsic topological defect engineering has been proven as a promising strategy to elevate the electrocatalytic activity of carbon materials.However,the controllable construction of high-density and specific topological defects in carbon frameworks to reveal the relationship between reactivity and defect structure remains a challenging task.Herein,the intrinsic pentagon carbon sites that can favor electron overflow and enhance their binding affinity towards the intermediates of catalytic reaction are firstly presented by the work function and the p-band center calculations.To experimentally verify this,the cage-opening reaction of fullerene is proposed and utilized for synthesizing carbon quantum dots with specific pentagon configuration(CQDs-P),subsequently utilizing CQDs-P to modulate the micro-scale defect density of three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide(rGO)viaπ-πinteractions.The multiple spatial-scale rGO-conjugated CQDs-P structure simultaneously possesses abundant pentagon and edge defects as catalytic active sites and long-range-orderedπelectron delocalization system as conductive network.The defects-rich CQDs-P/rGO-4 all-carbon-based catalyst exhibits superb catalytic activity for triiodide reduction reaction with a high photoelectric conversion efficiency of 8.40%,superior to the Pt reference(7.97%).Theoretical calculations suggest that pentagon defects in the carbon frameworks can promote charge transfer and modulate the adsorption/dissociation behavior of the reaction intermediates,thus enhancing the electrocatalytic activity of the catalyst.This work confirms the role of intrinsic pentagon defects in catalytic reactions and provides a new insight into the synthesis of defects-rich carbon catalysts.