Research on the Knowledge System Framework of Eco-industrial Engineering

With intensified contradiction between the rapid devel- opment of modem industry and the carrying capacity of natural environment, coordinating the relationship between economic benefits and ecological benefits is a significant issue to be solved for modem industrial engineering. This paper firstly conducts the comparative analysis between traditional and ecological industry as well as traditional and modem industrial engineering, and in- dicates that eco-industrial engineering is an inevitable choice for sustainable development of modem industrial engineering; Then, based on industrial ecology, environmental economics and sustain- able development theory, the connotation and definition of eco- industrial engineering are proposed, and the theoretical and practi- cal development of the concepts of eco-industrial engineering are further investigated. Furthermore, the research subject, research content, academic system architecture and evaluation methods of eco-industrial engineering are discussed. Finally, combining the current scientific and technological development, we put forward the important scientific value and practical significance of con- structing eco-industrial engineering for the utilization of these concepts.

GMOs in animal agriculture: time to consider both costs and benefits in regulatory evaluations

In 2012, genetically engineered （GE） crops were grown by 17.3 million farmers on over 170 million hectares. Over 70% of harvested GE biomass is fed to food producing animals, making them the major consumers of GE crops for the past 15 plus years. Prior to commercialization, GE crops go through an extensive regulatory evaluation. Over one hundred regulatory submissions have shown compositional equivalence, and comparable levels of safety, between GE crops and their conventional counterparts. One component of regulatory compliance is whole GE food/feed animal feeding studies. Both regulatory studies and independent peer-reviewed studies have shown that GE crops can be safely used in animal feed, and rDNA fragments have never been detected in products （e.g. milk, meat, eggs） derived from animals that consumed GE feed. Despite the fact that the scientific weight of evidence from these hundreds of studies have not revealed unique risks associated with GE feed, some groups are calling for more animal feeding studies, including long-term rodent studies and studies in target livestock species for the approval of GE crops. It is an opportune time to review the results of such studies as have been done to date to evaluate the value of the additional information obtained. Requiring long-term and target animal feeding studies would sharply increase regulatory compliance costs and prolong the regulatory process associated with the commercialization of GE crops. Such costs may impede the development of feed crops with enhanced nutritional characteristics and durability, particularly in the local varieties in small and poor developing countries. More generally it is time for regulatory evaluations to more explicitly consider both the reasonable and unique risks and benefits associated with the use of both GE plants and animals in agricultural systems, and weigh them against those associated with existing systems, and those of regulatory inaction. This would represent a shift away from a GE evaluation process that currently focuses only on risk assessment and identifying ever diminishing marginal hazards, to a regulatory approach that more objectively evaluates and communicates the likely impact of approving a new GE plant or animal on agricultural production systems.

An Integrated Approach to Evaluate Benefits and Costs of Wastewater and Solid Waste Management to Improve the Living Environment: The Citarum River in West Java, Indonesia

Absence of wastewater and solid waste facilities impacts the quality of life of many people in developing countries. Implementation of these facilities will benefit public health, water quality, livelihoods and property value. Additional benefits may result from the potential recovery of valuable resources from wastewater and solid waste, such as compost, energy, phosphorus, plastics and paper. Improving water quality through implementation of wastewater and solid waste interventions requires, among others, an analysis of i) sources of pollution, ii) mitigating measures and resource recovery potentials and their effect on water quality and health, and iii) benefits and costs of interventions. We present an integrated approach to evaluate costs and benefits of domestic and industrial wastewater and solid waste interventions. To support a policy maker in formulating a cost and environmentally effective approach, we quantified the impact of these interventions on 1) water quality improvement, 2) resource recovery potential, and 3) monetized benefits versus costs. The integration of technical, hydrological, agronomical and socio-economic elements to derive these three tangible outputs in a joint approach is a novelty. The approach is demonstrated using the heavily polluted Indonesian Upper Citarum River in the Bandung region. Domestic interventions, applying simple (anaerobic filter) technologies, were economically most attractive with a benefit cost ratio (BCR) of 3.2, but could not reach target water quality standards. To approach the target water quality, both advanced domestic (nutrient removal systems) and industrial wastewater treatment interventions were required, leading to a BCR of 2. We showed that benefits from selling recovered resources represent here an additional driver for improving water quality and outweigh the additional costs for resource recovery facilities. While included benefits captured some of the major items, these may have been undervalued. Based on these findings, water quality interventions justify their costs and are socially and economically beneficial.

Cost effectiveness of intensive care in a low resource setting: A prospective cohort of medical critically ill patients

AIM: To calculate cost effectiveness of the treatment of critically ill patients in a medical intensive care unit(ICU) of a middle income country with limited access to ICU resources. METHODS: A prospective cohort study and economic evaluation of consecutive patients treated in a recently established medical ICU in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. A cost utility analysis of the intensive care of critically ill patients compared to the hospital ward treatment from the perspective of the health care system was subsequently performed. Incremental cost effectiveness was calculated using estimates of ICU vs non-ICU treatment effectiveness based on a formal systematic review of published studies. Decision analytic modeling was used to compare treatment alternatives. Sensitivity analyses of the key model parameters were performed.RESULTS: Out of 148 patients, seventy patients(47.2%) survived to one year after critical illness with a median quality of life index 0.64 [interquartile range(IQR)0.49-0.76]. Median number of life years gained per patient was 30(IQR 16-40) or 18 quality adjusted life years(QALYs)(IQR 7-28). The cost of treatment of critically ill patients varied between 1820 dollar and20109 dollar per hospital survivor and between 100 dollar and 2514 dollar per QALY saved. Mean factors that influenced costs were: Age, diagnostic category,ICU and hospital length of stay and number and type of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. The incremental cost effectiveness ratio for ICU treatment was estimated at 3254 dollar per QALY corresponding to35% of per capita GDP or a Very Cost Effective category according to World Health Organization criteria.CONCLUSION: The ICU treatment of critically ill medica patients in a resource poor country is cost effective and compares favorably with other medical interventions.Public health authorities in low and middle income countries should encourage development of critical care services.

THE COST-BENEFIT FUNCTION AND ANALYSIS MODELS OF INVESTMENT IN DISASTER RESISTANT ENGINEERING

Based on the characteristics of cost-benefit of disaster resistant engineering, the concept of cost-benefit function of disaster resistant engineering is given and its characteristics are analyzed. According to different decision-making principles, the cost-benefit analysis models are worked out. It offers a useful tool for cost-benefit analysis and decision making of investment in disaster resistant engineering.

Optimization of water-urban-agricultural-ecological land use pattern:A case study of Guanzhong Basin in the southern Loess Plateau of Shaanxi Province,China

Extensive land use will cause many environmental problems.It is an urgent task to improve land use efficiency and optimize land use patterns.In recent years,due to the flow decrease,the Guanzhong Basin in Shaanxi Province is confronted with the problem of insufficient water resources reserve.Based on the Coupled Ground-Water and Surface-Water Flow Model(GSFLOW),this paper evaluates the response of water resources in the basin to changes in land use patterns,optimizes the land use pattern,improves the ecological and economic benefits,and the efficiency of various spatial development,providing a reference for ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin.The research shows that the land use pattern in the Guanzhong Basin should be further optimized.Under the condition of considering ecological and economic development,the percentage change of the optimum area of farmland,forest,grassland,water area,and urban area compared with the current land use area ratio is+2.3,+2.4,-6.1,+0.2,and+1.6,respectively.The economic and ecological value of land increases by14.1%and 3.1%,respectively,and the number of water resources can increase by 2.5%.

基于工程教育专业认证的工程造价专业课程体系重构探析

为适应行业发展对工程造价专业学生岗位能力的要求,在总结归纳工程教育专业认证文件要求和“注册造价工程师”执业资格考试制度要求的基础上,分析工程造价专业应开设课程的科目、学时、顺序等设置问题,结合地方财经类院校本科层次工程造价专业办学特点,以安徽财经大学工程造价专业为例,对工程造价专业的课程体系进行调整设置,修订后的课程体系较大程度地响应了认证和资格考试要求,课程体系重构方案可为同类院校教学改革提供参考。

海上边际油气项目成本控制前期策略研究

对于海上边际油气项目,由于其可采资源“小、散、碎”或开发条件较差导致总投资较高,因此设置成本目标和限额设计、成本绩效管理等成本控制手段对于其经济有效开发尤为重要。目前针对海上边际油气项目投资管理的管理,缺少主动统筹的成本控制观念。为此,文章从项目决策的基本要求出发,系统分析了海上边际油气项目的开发工程模式,以项目参与各方共赢为导向,以实现项目经济效益为目标,提出基于目标成本法的成本规划策略和基于价值工程分析的成本计划策略。研究结果表明:在海上边际油气项目前期决策中,为推进边际油气项目经济有效实施,应积极融合各方利益,制定成本目标、明确成本计划。结论认为:在海上边际油气项目实施前主动制定符合要求的成本目标,实施过程中严格执行成本计划,对保证海上边际油气项目经济开发具有现实意义。

基于精细化管理的大型建筑企业工程项目管理研究

精细化管理是有别于常规管理的一种现代化管理模式,其主要目标在于实现资源的优化配置和最大限度地降低运营成本。在大型建筑企业工程项目管理实践中系统性运用精细化管控措施,可促进工程项目优质高效实施,提高项目盈利能力和企业运行效率,推动企业实现高质量发展。

黄河上游景泰川电力提灌工程的经济与生态效益

为促进景泰川电力提灌工程及其灌溉区(以下简称“景电工程”及“景电灌区”)持续健康发展,通过时间序列分析法,对比分析景电工程自建设以来产生的经济效益;利用2000—2020年的归一化植被指数数据,采用Slope趋势分析法,分析2000—2020年景电灌区植被指数的时空动态变化。结果表明:1980—2020年农村人均纯收入增加19854元;城乡居民储蓄存款增加近100倍;地区生产总值增加122亿元;财政收入增加5.78亿元,40年的时间里财政收入增加289倍。2000—2020年植被指数持续增加,区域生态呈显著改善状态,景电灌区灌溉面积已发展到60784 hm^(2),荒漠化土地面积减少2.0667万hm^(2),景电工程建成以后,生态得到有效恢复,促进了区域农业经济的快速发展,居民生活水平显著提高。

建筑业钢筋工程质量追溯及成本控制研究——以广西自治区的建筑业钢筋加工为例

国家提出要持续开展绿色建筑创建行动,落实碳达峰碳中和目标任务,加快转变“大量建设、大量消耗、大量排放”的建设方式,推动城乡建设绿色发展。在建筑工业化领域实施智能建造模式是推动实现这一目标的有力举措,使整个工程实际施工实现从传统现场施工到项目的工厂化生产,有助于解决人力资源不足和技术水平参差不齐的痛点,从而有效提高工程建造的效率和控制施工成本。本文以智能建造为切入点,基于钢筋智能化生产加工领域内实际生产成本数据,将数据同步至质量追溯系统,分析当前成本控制效果,为钢筋加工智能化生产领域的成本控制提供降本增效措施建议,为推广成型钢筋应用提供数据支撑,进一步推动智能建造与建筑工业化协同发展。

概预算编制对工程造价的影响及应对策略

概预算编制是工程项目实施过程中不可或缺的重要环节,是工程造价管理的核心内容,因此概预算编制工作对工程项目顺利实施具有重要意义。文章首先对概预算编制概念及方法进行了阐述,其次从三个方面分析了概预算编制对工程造价的影响,最后重点探讨了提升概预算编制质量策略。

建筑工程经济分析中施工成本控制探讨

本文基于对建筑工程经济分析特点的探究,分析了实施经济分析的必要性,同时,研究了建筑工程施工成本控制中的常见问题,并提出相应的施工成本控制优化策略。希望本文所研究的内容可以为国内建筑行业施工成本管理效果的提高起到一定帮助,促使各种建筑项目总体经济效益和社会效益都有所提高。

价值工程理论驱动下的既有住宅建筑节能改造效益评价

本研究具体评估了价值工程理论于既有住宅建筑节能改造效益评价中的实际应用。文中界定了既有住宅节能改造及相应价值工程理论的基本内涵,明晰了基于价值工程理论开展建筑节能改造效益评价工作的优越性。在此基础上以无锡市某既有住宅项目为例,详细阐述了该住宅建筑项目现有节能措施,从建筑外墙、窗户、屋顶及照明系统四方面提出了具体的节能改造方案。且对新型建筑节能改造方案实施成本及效益进行了全面的评估分析,由此验证了价值工程理论在实际节能改造项目中的可行性。研究结果表明,在价值工程理论的指导下,既有住宅建筑节能改造方案的实施能显著提高能源使用效率,降低运营成本,进而为既有住宅建筑节能改造提供经济有效的方案方法。

招标控制价对工程项目质量和成本的双重影响评估

在当前经济与环境背景下,政府工程项目的成本效益与质量控制尤为重要。招标控制价作为一种重要的成本控制手段,对于确保工程项目在预算内完成并满足质量标准具有不可忽视的作用。然而,招标控制价的设定与实施过程中存在的不足,如过度设计、施工方案不合理等问题,常常导致资源浪费与投资效率低下。文章旨在探讨招标控制价对工程项目的成本与质量的影响,并通过案例分析,揭示优化设计、施工方案的重要性;同时,还探讨土石方平衡与石方利用的策略,以减少不必要的投资浪费,促进工程项目的经济与环境可持续性;最后提出了一系列实现成本与质量双重优化的策略,为政府工程项目管理提供新的视角和方法。

地铁深基坑变形监测及支护结构方案优化研究

文中以深圳市某地铁车站基坑工程为例,对基坑开挖过程中沉降量及水平位移进行了监测分析,并基于经济性提出最佳的支护结构方案。结果表明,随着基坑工程开挖的不断推进,基坑累积沉降量不断增加,钻孔灌注桩桩身的最大水平位移不断向桩底推移,且桩身的水平位移不断增加。优化后的基坑支护结构参数最佳方案是桩直径为1.2m,混凝土强度等级为C35,桩间距和支撑间距分别为1.5.6m;优化后的支护结构工程造价为100万元,比原支护结构工程造价降低28.5%;最大水平位移达到31.2mm,比原支护结构最大水平位移提升14.3%,但仍未超过设计预警值40mm,证实了优化后的基坑支护结构施工效果依然具有合理性,施工效果良好。

建筑工程经济预算与成本控制分析

随着城市化进程的加快,建筑工程的规模也在不断扩大。建筑工程经济预算作为工程项目开展的重要内容,对建筑企业最终经济收益产生重要影响。本文对建筑工程经济预算影响因素进行分析,并针对目前建筑工程成本控制存在的问题提出有效解决措施。

浅论控制建筑工程造价的方法

建筑工程造价控制工作作为工程项目顺利开展的基础所在,能够根据项目的实际需求进行成本估算,进而为后续相关工作开展提供有效参考依据。但是在建筑工程造价控制工作开展过程中,仍然存在较多问题,不利于建筑工程项目的顺利开展。在此背景下,本文针对于建筑工程造价控制方法进行深入分析,进而为相关工作开展提供有效参考。

伸缩套管在海上地质勘察中的应用

在海洋资源开发活动不断扩展的背景下,传统海上钻探施工方法面临着效率低下和劳动强度高等问题。本文介绍了一种新型的“伸缩套管”装置,旨在提高海上钻探施工的效率和安全性。伸缩套管通过内外套管的结合,利用“O型圈”和止水布绳提高密封性,减少泥浆外溢,从而适应潮汐变化和涌浪起伏。材料选择和制作过程均考虑到海洋环境的复杂性,确保了装置的可靠性和安全性。实际应用表明:伸缩套管能显著提高工程经济效益,节约劳动时间和降低劳动强度,提高泥浆回收利用率,且在恶劣海况中具有易操作和补偿效率好的特点。因此,伸缩套管被证明是一种结构简单、可靠性高、补偿效率好的装置,适用于沿海海上大多数工程基建项目的勘察。

基于价值工程的装配式建筑增量成本-效益模型研究

当前的工程实践表明,装配式建筑能大幅度减少现场施工人员数量、缩短工期,但装配式建筑中会产生增量成本,增量成本是影响装配式建筑大规模推广的重要原因。通过分析装配式建筑在施工过程中的增量成本组成要素,并指出利用装配式建筑会产生增量效益。提出一种基于价值工程的增量成本-效益模型(VCF),通过VCF模型可以真实地反映出在利用装配式建筑施工的过程中设计、施工、运营环节的增量成本和增量效益,通过具体案例对比增量成本与增量效益之间的差异,引导施工企业正确评估装配式建筑的成本及其潜在的效益,从而更好地促进装配式建筑行业发展。