Analysis of GPS Technology in Surveying and Mapping Engineering Technology

With the rapid advancement of digital and information technology,global positioning system(GPS)technology has seen increasing utilization in surveying and mapping engineering,extending its application across land,ocean,and various other domains.By analyzing the technical means of GPS in surveying and mapping engineering,understanding the characteristics and key technologies in different application environments,and exploring the application process and key technical means,accurate control can be effectively realized.Based on this,this paper mainly analyzes the specific application of GPS technology in surveying and mapping engineering technology for reference.

Innovation of Engineering Surveying Course Teaching for Road and Bridge Engineering Technology Majors in Higher Vocational Colleges

Engineering surveying is an important course for road and bridge engineering technology majors in higher vocational colleges.With the advancement of science and technology,engineering surveying technology is also constantly developing,so the theoretical knowledge and professional skills that students need to master are also becoming increasingly complicated.To stimulate the students’interest in learning the course,it is necessary to continuously introduce innovative teaching methods into the course.In this paper,the importance of teaching innovation in engineering surveying courses of road and bridge engineering technology majors in higher vocational colleges and the knowledge system that students need to master are analyzed.Subsequently,innovative strategies are proposed to help improve the students’mastery of engineering surveying.

CONGRATULATIONS ON THE JOURNAL CHANGED THE NAME OF《SURVEYING AND MAPPING》AS《ENGINEERING OF SURVEYING AND MAPPING》

The journal has been changed the name of《Surveytng And Mapping》,as《Engineering of Sur-veying And Mapping》from this issue.The jounal is a quarterly publication for surveying and map-ping science and technology sponsored by Harbin Institute of Engineering(former Harbin Instituteof Surveyting and Mapping).The purpose of the journal is to present national and international newtheoris,techniques and methods,to exchange achievements and experience about the scientific re-search,teaching,technique reform and production management,to report national and internation-al development,seminar and technique lessons,and introduce famous scholars and books in survey-ing and mapping circles.The journal has enjoyed the support and favorable comment of nationalreaders of surveying and mapping circles.

Automated machine learning for rainfall-induced landslide hazard mapping in Luhe County of Guangdong Province,China

Landslide hazard mapping is essential for regional landslide hazard management.The main objective of this study is to construct a rainfall-induced landslide hazard map of Luhe County,China based on an automated machine learning framework(AutoGluon).A total of 2241 landslides were identified from satellite images before and after the rainfall event,and 10 impact factors including elevation,slope,aspect,normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),topographic wetness index(TWI),lithology,land cover,distance to roads,distance to rivers,and rainfall were selected as indicators.The WeightedEnsemble model,which is an ensemble of 13 basic machine learning models weighted together,was used to output the landslide hazard assessment results.The results indicate that landslides mainly occurred in the central part of the study area,especially in Hetian and Shanghu.Totally 102.44 s were spent to train all the models,and the ensemble model WeightedEnsemble has an Area Under the Curve(AUC)value of92.36%in the test set.In addition,14.95%of the study area was determined to be at very high hazard,with a landslide density of 12.02 per square kilometer.This study serves as a significant reference for the prevention and mitigation of geological hazards and land use planning in Luhe County.

Characteristics of B,Zn and Se in stream sediments of Tanzania and their agricultural applications:Based on 1∶1000000 geochemical survey

Tanzania is located in eastern Africa with a predominantly agricultural ecomomy,the potential for developing and utilizing cultivated land are promising,but scientific guidance is required.B,Zn and Se are essential micronutrients for plants and human body with crucial biological functions,in particular,Se is significant for human health and considered as“the king of anti-cancer”.As these elements required by human or plants are mainly absorbed from soil directly or indirectly,therefore,it is important to understand the contents and distributions of them in the soil of cultivated land for guiding agricultural production.In this work,low-density geochemical survey at the scale of 1∶1000000 was carried out in Tanzania,and the results show that the concentrations of B,Zn and Se in stream sediments are low and their distributions are heterogeneous.According to the distributions of geological units,the existing cultivated land resources can be divided into five regions in Tanzania.Compared with the national background values,the concentrations of B,Zn and Se are insufficient overall but enriched locally in these regions.In general,element concentrations in stream sediments and soil have a positive correlation because of their similar sources,which is essential in agriculture application.Based on the information provided by low-density geochemical data and maps,the Se-sufficient and Se-rich regions were delineated in Tanzania,where can be used to develop Se-rich industries.Finally,this paper believes that geochemical survey is a powerful tool for cultivated land evaluation,agriculture management and land development.

Pollution source identification methods and remediation technologies of groundwater: A review

Groundwater is an important source of drinking water.Groundwater pollution severely endangers drinking water safety and sustainable social development.In the case of groundwater pollution,the top priority is to identify pollution sources,and accurate information on pollution sources is the premise of efficient remediation.Then,an appropriate pollution remediation scheme should be developed according to information on pollution sources,site conditions,and economic costs.The methods for identifying pollution sources mainly include geophysical exploration,geochemistry,isotopic tracing,and numerical modeling.Among these identification methods,only the numerical modeling can recognize various information on pollution sources,while other methods can only identify a certain aspect of pollution sources.The remediation technologies of groundwater can be divided into in-situ and ex-situ remediation technologies according to the remediation location.The in-situ remediation technologies enjoy low costs and a wide remediation range,but their remediation performance is prone to be affected by environmental conditions and cause secondary pollution.The ex-situ remediation technologies boast high remediation efficiency,high processing capacity,and high treatment concentration but suffer high costs.Different methods for pollution source identification and remediation technologies are applicable to different conditions.To achieve the expected identification and remediation results,it is feasible to combine several methods and technologies according to the actual hydrogeological conditions of contaminated sites and the nature of pollutants.Additionally,detailed knowledge about the hydrogeological conditions and stratigraphic structure of the contaminated site is the basis of all work regardless of the adopted identification methods or remediation technologies.

Gold enrichment characteristics and exploration prospects in Zambia: Based on 1∶1000000 geochemical mapping

The 1∶1000000 geochemical mapping of Zambia provides catchment sediment geochemical data for 58elements including Au from 746 sediment samples at 736 sampling sites,corresponding to a sampling density of about one site per 1000 km2.Under strict quality control using field duplicates,certified reference materials,and analytical replicate samples,the Au was determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry(ICP-MS).The detection limit of Au was 0.20×10^(-9).The 95%range(2.5%–97.5%)of Au concentrations was from 0.24×10^(-9) to 1.36×10^(-9),and the median value was 0.40×10^(-9).The most noticeable Au distribution patterns shown on the map are mainly located between Lusaka and Ndola(Lufilian Arc Belt).In addition,several high Au value areas occurred in Mansa,Muyombe,Chipata,and Livingstone.The spatial distribution patterns of Au in tectonic units,drainage basins,and geomorphological landscapes could be related to the Lufilian Arc Belt and Bangweulu Block.The Au concentrations show metallogenic belts between Muyombe and Mbala areas,between Mansa and Ndola areas,and between Lusaka and Kasempa areas.

Source,migration,distribution,toxicological effects and remediation technologies of arsenic in groundwater in China

Groundwater with high arsenic(As) content seriously threatens human life and health. Drinking high-As groundwater for a long time will lead to various pathological changes such as skin cancer, liver cancer,and kidney cancer. High-As groundwater has become one of the most serious environmental geological problems in China and even internationally. This paper aims to systematically summarize the sources,migration, distribution, toxicological effects, and treatment techniques of As in natural groundwater in China based on a large number of literature surveys. High-As groundwater in China is mainly distributed in the inland basins in arid and semi-arid environments and the alluvial and lacustrine aquifers in river deltas in humid environments, which are in neutral to weakly alkaline and strongly reducing environments.The content of As in groundwater varies widely, and As(Ⅲ) is the main form. The main mechanism of the formation of high-As groundwater in China is the reduced dissolution of Fe and Mn oxides under the action of organic matter and primary microorganisms, alkaline environment, intense evaporation and concentration, long-term water-rock interaction, and slow groundwater velocity, which promote the continuous migration and enrichment of As in groundwater. There are obvious differences in the toxicity of different forms of As. The toxic of As(Ⅲ) is far more than As(V), which is considered to be more toxic than methyl arsenate(MMA) and dimethyl arsenate(DMA). Inorganic As entering the body is metabolized through a combination of methylation(detoxification) and reduction(activation) and catalyzed by a series of methyltransferases and reductases. At present, remediation methods for high-As groundwater mainly include ion exchange technology, membrane filtration technology, biological treatment technology, nanocomposite adsorption technology, electrochemical technology, and so on. All the above remediation methods still have certain limitations, and it is urgent to develop treatment materials and technical means with stronger As removal performance and sustainability. With the joint efforts of scientists and governments of various countries in the future, this worldwide problem of drinking-water As poisoning will be solved as soon as possible. This paper systematically summarizes and discusses the hot research results of natural high-As groundwater, which could provide a reference for the related research of high-As groundwater in China and even the world.

新型地理信息系统技术在工程测绘中的应用要点分析

近年来,随着我国经济与科技水平的不断发展,各领域工程建设需求也持续增加,工程建设的难度越来越高。在这一背景下,传统的工程测绘技术和手段已经无法满足现阶段工程测绘的实际需求,必须要提升工程测绘实际水平,才能够确保我国工程建设事业实现良好发展。基于此,分析新型地理信息系统技术的优势,探讨工程测绘中新型地理信息系统技术的应用要点,对推动现代工程测绘事业的可持续发展具有重要价值。

基于测绘发展现状的工程测量测绘技术的应用讨论

工程测量测绘技术是现代工程建设领域中不可或缺的环节,随着测绘技术不断发展,基于测绘的工程测量技术在实践中得到广泛应用。基于此,简要介绍基于测绘发展现状的工程测量测绘技术的意义,重点探讨基于测绘发展现状的工程测量测绘技术的具体应用,主要包括地下管线测绘、道路测量、建筑物测量等方面,充分发挥工程测量测绘技术应用效果,提高工程施工效率,加强工程施工质量。

测绘地理信息技术在地质工程测绘中的应用研究

为了提升地质工程测绘的精度和效率,本文深入研究了测绘地理信息技术在地质工程测绘中的应用。通过介绍基于测绘地理信息技术的地质工程数据获取与处理方法,并探讨了地质工程高精度测绘与立体式输出的实现方式。通过优化数据处理流程、提升模型构建精度以及完善立体式输出方式,为地质工程提供了更为精确、直观的数据支持。研究结果表明,测绘地理信息技术的引入不仅显著提高了地质工程测绘的精确性,还有效提升了数据处理和模型构建的自动化水平。通过高精度测绘和立体式输出,地质工程师能够更全面地掌握工程现场的地质情况,为工程设计和施工提供了有力的数据支撑。

城市地下管线测绘中信息化探测技术的应用

运用现代信息化技术进行地下管线探测能够更加全面准确地进行管线定位,实现更高的利用价值。文章研究了城市地下管线测绘中信息化探测技术的应用,在掌握城市地下管线探测工作要点的基础上,从一体化管线探测系统、智能井下量测技术、非开挖管线探测技术、磁梯度探测技术、电磁感应探测技术、三维阵列探地雷达技术、地震波探测技术等方面出发,分析了信息化探测技术的应用要点。

测绘新技术在国土测绘工程中的运用分析

在市场经济发展中,城市化速度不断加快,对各类土地资源使用率随之提升,在这种情况下,相关部门需要通过开展国土测绘来掌握土地资源使用情况,并以此制定科学合理的土地资源开发利用策略。本文通过对测绘工作的内容概述,明确了测绘新技术在国土测绘工程中应用的价值,剖析了测绘新技术在国土测绘工程中的具体应用,以供参考。

新型测绘技术与地理信息系统在工程测量中的应用

现阶段的经济社会领域,工程测量十分重要,但传统的测量技术存在效率、精度等问题,测量过程中常常面临诸多难题。信息时代到来后,测绘技术呈现多样化、数字化,许多新型测绘技术日渐出现且逐步被应用到了更多领域,大大提高了工程测量水平。地理信息系统作为比较常见的测量技术,无论在当下及未来都有较大的发展潜力。基于此,本文从工程测量的内容着手,分析了几种常见的测绘技术,介绍了工程测量中地理信息系统的具体应用,以期为实际工作提供指导与借鉴。

基于激光点云技术的山区工程测绘信息提取方法

激光点云技术是一种利用激光扫描系统快速获取大量空间数据点的高效技术,已广泛应用于地形测绘、城市规划、林业管理等领域.通过发射激光束并测量其反射回来的光的时间,该技术能生成代表物体表面的精细三维坐标点云.在复杂的山区地形,传统测绘方法由于地形限制和成本问题面临诸多挑战,而激光点云技术因其高效率和高精度的特点,成为解决这一问题的理想选择.

Responses of phreatophyte transpiration to falling water table in hyper-arid and arid regions,Northwest China

Quantitative assessment of the impact of groundwater depletion on phreatophytes in(hyper-)arid regions is key to sustainable groundwater management.However,a parsimonious model for predicting the response of phreatophytes to a decrease of the water table is lacking.A variable saturated flow model,HYDRUS-1D,was used to numerically assess the influences of depth to the water table(DWT)and mean annual precipitation(MAP)on transpiration of groundwater-dependent vegetation in(hyper-)arid regions of northwest China.An exponential relationship is found for the normalized transpiration(a ratio of transpiration at a certain DWT to transpiration at 1 m depth,T_(a)^(*))with increasing DWT,while a positive linear relationship is identified between T_(a)^(*)and annual precipitation.Sensitivity analysis shows that the model is insensitive to parameters,such as saturated soil hydraulic conductivity and water stress parameters,indicated by an insignificant variation(less than 20%in most cases)under±50%changes of these parameters.Based on these two relationships,a universal model has been developed to predict the response of phreatophyte transpiration to groundwater drawdown for(hyper-)arid regions using MAP only.The estimated T_(a)^(*)from the model is reasonable by comparing with published measured values.

GIS技术在岩土工程勘察中的应用探究

岩土工程勘察作业的开展可以有效把握工程地质情况,为工程设计施工提供有力的数据支持。在实际勘察作业中加强对GIS技术的运用,可以提高实际勘察工作效率,确保勘察数据结果的准确性。该文联系GIS技术和岩土工程勘察的基本概述,从前期准备、现场布设、安装工艺、系统构建、数据库建立和制作三维地质界面图等方面入手,细致阐述GIS技术在岩土工程勘察中的具体应用,并围绕实际工程案例详尽探讨GIS技术的实践应用,以供参考。

PIE系列遥感软件在测绘类专业体验式教学中的应用

遥感数据处理软件作为遥感数据与行业应用的桥梁,在我国遥感产业化发展过程中发挥着不可替代的作用。为了从源头上减轻对国外遥感数据处理软件的依赖,满足日益增长的国家经济和安全需要,有必要开展国产遥感软件在测绘类专业实践教学中的应用研究,促进国产遥感软件在高校测绘类专业的使用和发展。本文从测绘类本科专业遥感实践课程的教学需要出发,分析了像素专家(PIE)系列国产遥感数据处理软件在高校教学中应用的必要性和适用性,充分利用体验式教学理念和翻转课堂,设计了相关教学案例并在本科教学实践中进行试验,为PIE在测绘类专业体验式实践教学中的推广应用提供了重要借鉴。同时,对推动国产遥感软件在实践教学中的发展提供了重要参考。

探析测绘遥感技术和地理信息系统在矿山地质勘测中的应用

通过对金属矿地质勘测,可以获得有价值的金属矿地质信息,并为金属矿地质勘测工作提供可靠的信息。但在传统的工作方式中,由于技术的限制,金属矿地质勘测信息存在着不完整和误差,从而对其信息的真实性造成了一定的影响。而测绘遥感技术和地理信息系统,可以为矿山地质勘测提供充足、有效的现代化技术支持。本文在简要介绍了测绘遥感技术及地理信息的有关内容之后,对测绘遥感技术和地理信息在金属矿地质勘测中的具体运用要点进行了深入的剖析,以期能够为提升金属矿地质勘测工作的效率和质量,提供一种充分、有效的参考意见。

工程测量信息化和测绘工程质量管理研究

传统测绘技术受人员素质、自然条件影响很大,测绘工作需要消耗大量的资源和时间,而且测量成果可能存在较大误差,影响了后续工作的顺利开展。论文针对工程测量信息化和测绘工程质量管理进行研究,明确工程测量信息化的优势和特点,掌握信息化技术发展要点,同时,围绕仪器设备管理、人员管理、文件管理展开探讨。经研究可知,从全过程、系统性的角度出发,采取有效的质量管理措施,可以有效提高测绘工程质量的管理水平,保证测量成果的完整性和精确度。