Optical coherence tomography enhanced depth imaging of chorioretinal folds in patients with orbital tumors

AIM:To characterize spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT)features of chorioretinal folds in orbital mass imaged using enhanced depth imaging(EDI).METHODS:Prospective observational case-control study was conducted in 20 eyes of 20 patients,the uninvolved eye served as a control.All the patients underwent clinical fundus photography,computed tomography,EDI SDOCT imaging before and after surgery.Two patients with cavernous hemangiomas underwent intratumoral injection of bleomycin A5;the remaining patients underwent tumor excision.Patients were followed 1 to 14mo following surgery(average follow up,5.8mo).RESULTS:Visual acuity prior to surgery ranged from 20/20 to 20/200.Following surgery,5 patients’visual acuity remained unchanged while the remaining 15 patients had a mean letter improvement of 10(range 4 to 26 letters).Photoreceptor inner/outer segment defects were found in 10 of 15 patients prior to surgery.Following surgical excision,photoreceptor inner/outer segment defects fully resolved in 8 of these 10 patients.CONCLUSION:Persistence of photoreceptor inner/outer segment defects caused by compression of the globe by an orbital mass can be associated with reduced visual prognosis.Our findings suggest that photoreceptor inner/outer segment defects on EDI SD-OCT could be an indicator for immediate surgical excision of an orbital mass causing choroidal compression.

Optical coherence tomography with or without enhanced depth imaging for peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer and choroidal thickness

AIM：To assess peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer（RNFL）and choroidal thickness obtained with enhanced depth imaging（EDI）mode compared with those obtained without EDI mode using Heidelberg Spectralis optical coherence tomography（OCT）.METHODS：Fifty eyes of 25 normal healthy subjects and32 eyes of 20 patients with different eye diseases were included in the study.All subjects underwent 3.4 mm diameter peripapillary circular OCT scan centered on the optic disc using both the conventional and the EDI OCT protocols.The visualization of RNFL and choroidoscleral junction was assessed using an ordinal scoring scale.The paired t-test,intraclass correlation coefficient（ICC）,95%limits of agreement（LoA）,and Bland and Altman plots were used to test the agreement of measurements.RESULTS：The visibility score of RNFL obtained with and without EDI was of no significant difference（P=0.532）,the visualization of choroidoscleral junction was better using EDI protocol than conventional protocol（P〈0.001）.Peripapillary RNFL thickness obtained with EDI was slightly thicker than that obtained without EDI（103.25±9.42μm vs 101.87±8.78μm,P=0.010）.The ICC of the two protocols was excellent with the value of 0.867 to 0.924,the 95%LoA of global RNFL thickness was between-10.0 to 7.4μm.Peripapillary choroidal thickness obtained with EDI was slightly thinner than that obtained without EDI（147.23±51.04μm vs 150.90±51.84μm,P〈0.001）.The ICC was also excellent with the value of 0.960 to 0.987,the 95%LoA of global choroidal thickness was between-12.5 to 19.8μm.CONCLUSION：Peripapillary circular OCT scan with or without EDI mode shows comparable results in the measurement of peripapillary RNFL and choroidal thickness.

Standardization of choroidal thickness measurements using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography

AIM: To describe and evaluate a standardized protocol for measuring the choroidal thickness(Ch T) using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography(EDI OCT).METHODS: Single 9 mm EDI OCT line scans across the fovea were used for this study. The protocol used in this study classified the EDI OCT images into four groups based on the appearance of the choroidal-scleral interface and suprachoroidal space. Two evaluation iterations of experiments were performed: first, the protocol was validated in a pilot study of 12 healthy eyes. Afterwards, the applicability of the protocol was tested in 82 eyes of patients with diabetes. Inter-observer and intra-observer agreements on image classifications were performed using Cohen’s kappa coefficient(κ). Intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC) and Bland-Altman’s methodology were used for the measurement of the Ch T.RESULTS: There was a moderate(κ=0.42) and perfect(κ =1) inter- and intra-observer agreements on image classifications from healthy eyes images and substantial(κ =0.66) and almost perfect(κ =0.86) agreements from diabetic eyes images. The proposed protocol showed excellent inter- and intra-observer agreements for the Ch T measurements on both, healthy eyes and diabetic eyes(ICC 】0.90 in all image categories). The Bland-Altman plot showed a relatively large Ch T measurement agreement in the scans that contained less visible choroidal outer boundary. CONCLUSION: A protocol to standardize Ch T measurements in EDI OCT images has been developed;the results obtained using this protocol show that the technique is accurate and reliable for routine clinical practice and research.

Peripapillary choroidal thickness in Chinese children using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography

AIM：To evaluate the peripapillary choroidal thickness（PPCT） in Chinese children,and to analyze the influencing factors.METHODS： PPCT was measured with enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography（EDI-OCT） in 70children（53 myopes and 17 non-myopes） aged 7 to 18 y,with spherical equivalent refractive errors between 0.50and-5.87 diopters（D）.Peripapillary choroidal imaging was performed using circular scans of a diameter of 3.4 mm around the optic disc.PPCT was measured by EDI-OCT in six sectors： nasal（N）,superonasal（SN）,superotemporal（ST）,temporal（T）,inferotemporal（IT）and inferonasal（IN）,as well as global RNFL thickness（G）.RESULTS： The mean global PPCT was 165.49±33.76 μm.The temporal,inferonasal,inferotemporal PPCT were significantly thinner than the nasal,superonasal,superotemporal segments PPCT were significantly thinner in the myopic group at temporal,superotemporal and inferotemporal segments.The axial length was significantly associated with the average global（β=-0.419,P =0.014）,superonasal（β=-2.009,P=0.049） and inferonasal（β=-2.000,P=0.049） PPCT.The other factors（gender,age,SE） were not significantly associated with PPCT.CONCLUSION： PPCT was thinner in the myopic group at temporal,superotemporal and inferotemporal segments.The axial length was found to be negatively correlated to PPCT.We need more further studies about the relationship between PPCT and myopia.

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering sensor based on fused biconical taper zone of optical fiber

In this paper, a novel surface-enhanced Raman scattering （SERS） sensor combined with fused biconical taper fiber （FBTF） and film coated with silver sols is proposed. This structure is designed to significantly increase the SERS active surface when the length of the taper is increased and the radius is reduced, since the penetration depth is inversely proportional to the taper radius and proportional to the taper length according to the fiber-optic evanescent-wave theory. Based on the SERS sensing principle, the feasibility of FBTF sensor is analyzed in this paper. As a result, the Raman spectrum of R6G is obtained from the fused biconical taper zone surface coating with the silver sols in our experiments. The detected concentration is up to 10-7mol/L.

基于软聚类的深度图增强方法

针对现有的深度获取方式存在数据缺失、分辨率低等问题,提出一种基于软聚类的深度图增强方法,称为软聚类求解器.该方法利用软聚类的强边缘保持特性提高深度图增强的精度.将软聚类仿射矩阵和加权最小二乘模型有机结合,构建了软聚类求解器中的置信加权最小二乘模型,提出了基于迭代的求解方法.为评估所提出的方法,在多项深度图增强任务上进行试验,包括深度图补洞、深度图超分辨率和深度图纠正,评价指标包含了峰值信噪比(PSNR)、结构相似度(SSIM)、均方根差(RMSE)和运行效率.结果表明:文中方法在深度图补洞任务中的平均PSNR达到了42.28,平均SSIM达到了98.83%;在深度图超分辨率、深度图纠正任务中的平均RMSE达到了8.96、 2.36.文中方法处理1张分辨率为2 048×1 024像素的图像仅需5.03 s.

基于自适应空间特征增强的多视图深度估计

为了提高多视图深度估计结果精度,提出一种基于自适应空间特征增强的多视图深度估计算法。设计了由改进后的特征金字塔网络(feature pyramid network,FPN)和自适应空间特征增强(adaptive space feature enhancement,ASFE)组成的多尺度特征提取模块,获取到具有全局上下文信息和位置信息的多尺度特征图像。通过残差学习网络对深度图进行优化,防止多次卷积操作出现重建边缘模糊的问题。通过分类的思想构建focal loss函数增强网络模型的判断能力。由实验结果可知,该算法在DTU(technical university of denmark)数据集上和CasMVSNet(Cascade MVSNet)算法相比,在整体精度误差、运行时间、显存资源占用上分别降低了14.08%、72.15%、4.62%。在Tanks and Temples数据集整体评价指标Mean上该模型优于其他算法,证明提出的基于自适应空间特征增强的多视图深度估计算法的有效性。

基于深度域适应迁移学习的滚动轴承故障诊断方法研究

在实际工业生产中,滚动轴承故障数据稀疏,构建的小样本数据集易导致模型过拟合,需要进行数据增强构成训练域。由于机械设备在运行中存在工况时变性,导致训练数据和测试数据之间存在差异,进而造成轴承故障诊断准确率不高,故提出一种基于生成对抗网络和多核最大均值差异(MK-MMD)的深度域适应迁移学习方法。文中通过有限元模拟获得大量带有标签的仿真故障数据,在此基础上构建深度域适应迁移学习的故障诊断模型,并利用凯斯西储大学的轴承数据集对轴承故障诊断模型进行测试。此外,通过与卷积神经网络(CNN)、深度适配网络(DAN)和深度域自适应网络(DANN)的故障诊断结果对比,证明基于有限元模拟的数据增强和迁移学习的轴承故障诊断方法可有效提高轴承故障诊断的准确度。

基于增强的煤矿井下尘雾图像渲染算法

煤矿井下工作环境恶劣,受复杂光照及尘雾等影响监控图像模糊不清,很大程度上影响煤矿作业的安全性。现有合成尘雾数据集方法假定大气光是均匀分布的前提条件在煤矿场景中并不成立,使得深度去雾算法在煤矿场景中泛化性能较差。针对该问题,首先估计清晰图像深度信息,利用Retinex理论得到对应带雾图像空间变化的亮度信息,结合图像深度信息和亮度信息通过神经网络训练,在亮度一致性等损失约束下生成能够反映空间亮度变化的带雾图像。另外,考虑到煤矿真实场景光照复杂的特点,对清晰图像进一步增强处理,消除图像去雾后过于昏暗的问题。结合煤矿真实场景的对比实验,表明了本文方法的有效性。

基于边缘强化的无监督单目深度估计

为解决无监督单目深度估计边缘深度估计不准确的问题,提出了一种基于边缘强化的无监督单目深度估计网络模型。该模型由单视图深度网络和姿态网络两部分构成,均采用编解码结构,其中单视图深度网络编码器使用高分辨率网络(high-resolution net,HRNet)作为骨干网络,在整个过程中保持高分辨率表示,有利于提取精确空间特征;单视图深度网络解码器引入条状卷积,细化深度边缘附近的深度变化,同时利用经典的高斯拉普拉斯算子增强边缘细节,最终充分利用深度边缘信息提高深度估计质量。在KITTI数据集中进行的实验结果表明:所提模型具有较好的深度估计性能,能够使深度图中的目标边缘更加清晰,细节更加丰富。

自动化竖向排渗设施在尾矿库工程中的应用

某在用尾矿库运行已接近原设计最终堆积标高,需要进行闭库,但现有浸润线埋深接近控制浸润线埋深,为确保闭库后尾矿库的安全,需要对尾矿库坝体进行增强排渗。提出采用自动化竖向排渗设施,并通过Geo-Studio软件对优化的尾矿库进行渗流和抗滑稳定分析。结果表明:不同工况下,有限元计算浸润线位置与实测浸润线位置基本吻合,且抗滑稳定安全系数均大于规范值;在实施增强排渗等闭库措施后,尾矿库坝体稳定性得到较大提升,且管理高效便捷,对以后类似闭库工程有一定借鉴意义。

Patient reported outcomes after implementation of an enhanced depth of focus intraocular lens with low postoperative myopia

Background:Enhanced depth-of-focus intraocular lenses(EDOF IOL)have filled the gap between monofocal and multifocal intraocular implants with optical qualities of monofocal lenses and usually minor dysphotopsias typical for multifocal lenses.The purpose of this study was to evaluate visual outcomes after bilateral implantation of a new EDOF IOL in patients with requirements for perfect near and intermediate vision.Methods:The study included 15 patients(29 eyes as one was amblyopic)with bilateral implantation of LUXSMART EDOF IOL(Bausch&Lomb)with a targeted myopia(between-0.25 and-0.50D)in both eyes.Monocular corrected and uncorrected visual acuity for far,intermediate and near as well as refractive outcomes were evaluated at 1,3,6 and 12 months after the surgery.Additionally,binocular visual acuity,contrast sensitivity and defocus curve were measured at the final follow-up visit.At 12 months’visit patients completed a questionnaire evaluating patient satisfaction,spectacle independence and presence of dysphotopsias.Results:Binocular uncorrected visual acuities at 12 month’s visit were 0.13±0.16,0.06±0.08,0.07±0.09 and 0.15±0.09 logMAR for far distance,80 cm,66 cm and 40 cm respectively.Corrected binocular visual acuities at 12 months were 0.00±0.00,0.05±0.07,0.05±0.06,0.13±0.16 respectively for distance,80 cm,66 cm and 40 cm.Automated refraction spherical equivalent at 12 months’visit stood at-0.70±0.48D,which was 0.46D less than calculated biometric target,however spherical equivalent of subjective refraction at 12 months equaled–0.49±0.46D,which was closer to preoperative biometric target.Defocus curve had gentle shape without peaks typical for monofocal IOLs.Binocular contrast sensitivity results were superior to average results for that age group and equaled 1.78±0.16 logMAR without correction and 1.81±0.13 logMAR with correction.Spectacle independence for near and intermediate distances was achieved in all patients and for far distance in 73.3%of patients.Burdensome dysphotopsias were not reported in any case.Conclusions:EDOF IOLs targeted bilaterally at low myopia can provide excellent near and intermediate visual acuity and independence of any optical correction in majority of cases.This approach can be used in selected patients who are focused on stationary activities.

基于深度优先多径参数估计的NLOS定位增强算法

为了提高非视距(NLOS)环境中的毫米波系统定位精度,基于分布式压缩感知理论,提出一种深度优先的多路径参数估计算法。通过估计出来的多径参数来识别NLOS路径,增强了定位性能。首先,使用深度优先算法来减少非必要的路径搜索,获得更加准确的多径参数。其次,采用反向定位距离残差的方法进行NLOS多径识别。然后,对NLOS路径中的散射体进行匹配,估计出散射体的位置并将其视为虚拟锚节点。结合基站与虚拟锚节点的信息实现定位增强。最后,对所提算法的定位性能进行了仿真,与距离加权最小二乘(LS)算法和最大鉴别变换(MDT)算法相比,所提算法的性能分别提升了17%和8%。

深度学习在脉络膜分割中的应用研究进展

近年来,眼科作为高度依赖辅助成像的医学领域之一,一直处于深度学习算法应用的前沿。脉络膜的形态变化与眼底疾病的发生、发展以及治疗预后密切相关。光学相干断层扫描的快速发展极大地促进了对脉络膜形态和结构的精确分析。脉络膜分割及相关分析对于确定眼病的发病机制和治疗策略至关重要,然而,目前脉络膜主要依赖于繁琐、耗时和重复性低的人工手动分割。为了克服这些困难,近年来开发了用于脉络膜分割的深度学习方法,极大地提高了脉络膜分割的准确性和效率。本文旨在回顾不同眼病中脉络膜厚度的特征,探讨深度学习模型在测量脉络膜厚度中的最新应用及其优势,同时关注深度学习模型面临的挑战。

蜂窝钢管混凝土抗侵彻性能实验研究

为了研究蜂窝钢管混凝土的抗侵彻性能,采用125 mm口径滑膛炮开展了蜂窝钢管混凝土靶侵彻实验共6发,获得了不同工况时靶板破坏形态及侵深数据,分析了蜂窝钢管混凝土的典型破坏形式,对比了不同弹靶尺寸因数时靶板破坏形式的区别以及着靶点和钢管壁厚对蜂窝钢管混凝土抗侵彻能力的影响。同时,对7组不同壁厚的六边形钢管混凝土和3组六边形无钢管混凝土柱进行了单轴压缩实验,研究了不同壁厚时六边形钢管对核心混凝土强度及延性的增强效应,拟合了核心混凝土强度增强因数同围箍因数的关系,并改进普通混凝土侵深的经验公式,得到了适用于蜂窝钢管混凝土的最大侵深计算公式。结果表明:钢管壁厚是影响侵深的重要因素,壁厚越大,侵深越小;着靶点位置对侵深的影响较复杂,具有离散性;着靶点位置对靶体表面破坏形式影响较大;钢管可以有效增加核心混凝土的强度和延性;改进后的侵深计算公式可以预测弹体对蜂窝钢管混凝土靶的最大侵深。

基于光线散射衰减模型的低照度图像增强

针对传统图像增强算法在总体照度低且光照分布不均的环境内易造成图像过度增强和自然度保存能力弱的问题,提出了一种基于光线散射衰减模型的低照度图像增强算法。首先,本文提出了光线散射衰减模型,该模型合理解释了非均匀光照分布的成像过程,其次,通过Max-RGB滤波器分别估计每个像素的照度,初始化照明图,然后,根据光照随图像分割区域入射角、入射距离平滑衰减的特性,利用深度信息和梯度信息优化光照分量,获得精确照明图;此外,利用暗通道先验中的透射率所具有的局部相似性来约束反射分量估计;最后,通过提出的光线散射衰减模型融合优化光照分量和反射分量,获得最终的低照度增强图像。通过与NPE,LIME,HE,ALSM,MSRCR,MF,WV_SIRE算法比较,在不同场景的低照度图像上,无参考各向异性质量评估器(BIQAA)最大为0.019 6,模糊检测累积概率(CPBD)最大为0.680 1,无参考空间域图像质量评估器(BRISQUE)最小为21.471 5,自然图像质量评估器(NIQE)最小为2.699 5,综合性能优于其他对比算法。实验结果表明,本文算法能够有效抑制噪声,提高图像对比度和亮度,更好地保留图像自然度。

习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想凝心铸魂的机制及路径研究——基于对120位青年的深度访谈

坚持不懈用习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想武装全党、教育人民、指导实践,是新时代建设具有强大凝聚力和引领力的社会主义意识形态的核心任务。通过对120位青年开展深度访谈,形成了以“理论认同”为核心、以“青年个体”和“社会环境”为直接影响因素、以“宣传教育”为推进及催化、以“具体途径”为中介的习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想凝心铸魂理论模型。青年比较了解并高度认同习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想,且理论知晓度越高理论认同度也越高。应进一步加大宣传力度,全面提高青年对习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的知晓广度和深度;将直接途径与间接途径深度融合,实现理论武装内容与形式的最佳匹配;充分发挥传统语言文字载体与网络新媒体优势,实现多元载体的融合发展;将正面宣传与错误社会思潮批判相结合,在澄清思想误区中推动理论武装;融合党的宣传思想部门主导作用和青年主体性作用,实现凝心铸魂路径的综合创新。

基于多深度对抗网络的ROV水下目标检测

有缆水下机器人ROV是水下工程作业的重要工具,但由于不同水质特性及水中散射折射的影响,ROV水下图像普遍存在失真模糊、分辨率低等问题。为此构建深度分离可变形卷积代替原始卷积,采用高效表达稀疏性的特征提取结构实现对ROV水下目标的特征提取;再运用多深度机制的改进GAN网络生成器和类似马尔可夫架构的判别器建立数据集,增强水下图像;最后构建多项损失函数,提升网络的泛化性能并实现对ROV目标的快速检测。水下实验结果表明,该水下图像增强方法提高了ROV目标检测精度,符合预期要求。

基于水体衰减系数反演的水下图像复原方法

光在水中传输时容易受到水体和水中微粒的吸收和散射作用,造成成像模糊和颜色失真,导致水下图像质量有待提高。提出一种基于水体衰减系数反演的图像复原新方法,不预设水体类型和波长值,而是通过图像反演求得最符合图像特征的衰减系数。对图像去除垂直衰减色差,使描述水下图像强度规律的先验信息能更准确地反映水平方向的光传输特性,提升背景光估计和场景深度估计的准确性。利用水下图像的雾化模糊特征、红通道分量衰减特征以及通道间衰减差异特征得到水下图像场景深度的融合估计结果,依据像素场景深度与水下成像模型,通过非线性拟合直接反演出水下图像的衰减系数,并基于灰度世界假设对衰减系数进行优化,以完成传输率求解,实现图像复原。最后,使用非锐化掩膜增强图像,凸显细节信息,提升视觉效果。实验结果表明,与SMBOT、IBLA、ULAP、UDCP方法相比,该方法在RUIE数据集上的复原图像信息熵平均值分别提升了4.9%、5.4%、9.2%、17.9%,能较好地提升图像整体视觉效果。

急性原发性闭角型青光眼首次发作后1年内视盘周围脉络膜厚度的变化

目的:探讨急性原发性闭角型青光眼(APACG)首次发作后1a内视盘周围脉络膜厚度(pCT)的变化规律。方法:前瞻性队列研究。选取2015-10/2019-09于石家庄市人民医院眼科诊治的APACG患者31例(发作眼组31眼,对侧临床前期眼组31眼),正常对照组30例30眼,三组均在APACG发作期,术后1wk,1、3、6mo,1a测量pCT。结果:发作眼组pCT在术后1wk时比发作期增厚,之后1a内持续变薄(P<0.05)。发作眼组pCT较其余两组:在发作期,术后1wk时增厚,1a时变薄(P<0.05)。发作眼组发作期平均pCT与高眼压持续时间正相关,与前房深度负相关(P<0.05)。结论:首次发作的APACG患者,pCT在发作期和术后1wk弥漫增厚,1mo恢复正常,1a时变薄。发作期平均pCT与高眼压持续时间正相关,脉络膜厚度在APACG的发作中可能有重要作用。