The Tenth Anniversary of Free Trade Pilot Zones in China:Fundamental Experiences and Enhancement Strategies

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the country has established 21 Free Trade Pilot Zones(FTZs),achieving significant pioneering results in reform and opening up and creating a strong demonstrative effect nationwide.The basic experience from a decade of FTZs includes:adhering to the centralized and unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee;combining top-level design with encouragement of grassroots innovation;leveraging the distinct characteristics and strengths of FTZs to form a differentiated development pattern;maintaining the integration of opening up with domestic reforms;using openness to drive reforms;and organically combining openness with national security assurance.Under the current and future new circumstances,China’s FTZs face new challenges and tasks.In accordance with the directives of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,an enhancement strategy for the FTZs needs to be implemented.This involves the following:First,accurately understanding and responding to the changing situation to create strategic opportunities.Second,shifting paradigms to implement innovation-driven strategies,using the new development pattern concept to guide the reform experiments and construction of the FTZs.Third,granting more autonomy to FTZs for reforms,pursuing progress while maintaining stability,and solidly advancing the reform experiments in the FTZs.Fourth,orderly expanding the opening up of the service sector and cautiously advancing the internationalization of the renminbi.Fifth,promoting innovative development in trade to build a strong trade nation.Sixth,establishing synergy with bilateral FTZs,Belt and Road cooperation,and national diplomatic strategies to enhance the linkage effect.

Effects of QD2R Numeracy Enhancement Strategy on the Mathematics Performance of Grade 10 Students

Learning mathematics requires an effective and strategic teaching approach.This study aimed to assess the mathematics performance of the learners with the implementation of the numeracy enhancement strategy QD2R(Questions,Drills,Repetition,and Recitation)and to propose a strategy implementation plan to elevate their performances.This study employed the use of a quasi-experimental research design,purposive sampling with 70 Grade 10 students of Lian National High School who were distributed equally to control and treatment groups.The pre-test and post-test results were statistically analyzed using independent and paired sample t-tests,and a survey questionnaire was examined by getting the mean and standard deviation.The results indicated that better performance was achieved by the students from the treatment group compared to the students from the control group,as revealed by the Mean Percentage Score(MPS)results,mean scores,and P values of their pre-test and post-test scores.The learners’perception of the implementation of this strategy was to a great extent,wherein it was perceived to be more helpful in concepts related to understanding the lesson compared to concepts related to developing their attitude and skills.Moreover,the proposed implementation plan of numeracy enhancement strategy QD2R had three expected outcomes:elevated understanding and performance in mathematics lessons;modified strategy to focus on the development of attitude and skills towards mathematics;and refined and well-implemented QD2R strategy in teaching mathematics.Relative to these expected outcomes,appropriate measures,timeframe,and resources of each were comprehensively formulated.

Advances in All-Solid-State Lithium-Sulfur Batteries for Commercialization

Solid-state batteries are commonly acknowledged as the forthcoming evolution in energy storage technologies.Recent development progress for these rechargeable batteries has notably accelerated their trajectory toward achieving commercial feasibility.In particular,all-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries(ASSLSBs)that rely on lithium-sulfur reversible redox processes exhibit immense potential as an energy storage system,surpassing conventional lithium-ion batteries.This can be attributed predominantly to their exceptional energy density,extended operational lifespan,and heightened safety attributes.Despite these advantages,the adoption of ASSLSBs in the commercial sector has been sluggish.To expedite research and development in this particular area,this article provides a thorough review of the current state of ASSLSBs.We delve into an in-depth analysis of the rationale behind transitioning to ASSLSBs,explore the fundamental scientific principles involved,and provide a comprehensive evaluation of the main challenges faced by ASSLSBs.We suggest that future research in this field should prioritize plummeting the presence of inactive substances,adopting electrodes with optimum performance,minimizing interfacial resistance,and designing a scalable fabrication approach to facilitate the commercialization of ASSLSBs.

English Writing Autonomy and Literacy among Chinese College Students

The purpose of this study is to examine the current situation of English writing autonomy and literacy among Chinese college students,to analyze their performance,scale,and distribution as well as influencing factors,and to explore the correlation between English writing autonomy and literacy.This study will provide an in-depth analysis of the current situation of Chinese college students’English writing autonomy and literacy,reveal the scale,distribution,and influencing factors,as well as put forward strategies to enhance them,so as to provide a reference for the reform and development of college English education.

Strategies for enhancing peroxymonosulfate activation by heterogenous metal-based catalysis:A review

Sulfate radical-advanced oxidation processes(SR-AOPs)are promising technologies for organic pollutants elimination.Heterogeneous metal-based catalysis has been widely studied and applied to activate peroxymonosulfate(PMS)for producing sulfate radicals.Developing highly efficient catalysts is crucial for future extensive use.Importantly,the catalytic activity is mainly determined by mass and electron transfer.This paper aims to overview the recent enhancement strategies for developing heterogeneous metalbased catalysts as effective PMS activators.The main strategies,including surface engineering,structural engineering,electronic modulation,external energy assistance,and membrane filtration enhancement,are summarized.The potential mechanisms for improving catalytic activity are also introduced.Finally,the challenges and future research prospects of heterogenous metal-based catalysis in SR-AOPs are proposed.This work is hoped to guide the rational design of highly efficient heterogenous catalysts in SR-AOPs.

Clinical strategies to enhance nerve regeneration

The slow rate of nerve regeneration after injury or recon- struction remains a clinical problem because it prohibits the timely reinnervation of distant target muscles be- fore the irreversible degeneration of the neuromuscular junction and breakdown of muscle tissue. As such, high （proximal） nerve injuries result in the incomplete recovery of motor function and poor functional outcomes despite current and timely surgical management. Experimentally, several strategies have been shown to enhance nerve regen- eration and improve functional recovery in animal models but translation to clinical practice has not been realized. Two potential treatments, tacrolimus （immunosuppres- sant） and electrical stimulation are commonly used for other reconstructive indications and as such, are both read- ily available clinically. There is some evidence, which will be reviewed in subsequent sections, that these approaches may also be useful in enhancing neuronal regeneration.

Multi-site spinal stimulation strategies to enhance locomotion after paralysis

With the advent of spinal cord epidural stimulation techniques,i.e.,electrically enabled motor control（e Emc）in combination with activity dependent locomotor training,humans with traumatic complete sensori-motor paralysis are able to initiate voluntary leg movements and achieve gains in postural control,and bladder and sexual function（Angeli et al.,2014）.

Strategies and Mechanism for Enhancing Intrinsic Activity of Metal–Nitrogen–Carbon Catalysts in Electrocatalytic Reactions

Atomically dispersed metal-nitrogen-carbon catalysts(M-N-C)have been widely used in the field of energy conversion,which has high commercial application value in future directions.However,the commercialization of M-N-C catalysts necessitates further requirements for their catalytic activity,especially their intrinsic catalytic activity.Fortunately,current research has provided many modification strategies,which are of great significance for the development of M-N-C catalysts.In this review,the catalytic mechanism of different electrocatalytic reactions is briefly introduced.In addition,intrinsic catalytic activity enhancement strategies are systematically summarized,including the coordination structure,carrier effect,and interaction of active centers.Furthermore,we focus on clarifying the relationship between microelectronic structure and macro-catalytic activity of M-N-C catalysts in different electrochemical energy conversion reactions.The future research directions are also pointed out based on our discussion.This review provides good guidance to systematically study the intrinsic catalytic activity enhancement strategies of M-N-C catalysts and reasonably design highly catalytic M-N-C catalysts.

Enhancing nitrogen removal in constructed wetlands: The role of influent substrate concentrations in integrated vertical-flow systems

Recent advancements in constructed wetlands(CWs)have highlighted the imperative of enhancing nitrogen(N)removal efficiency.However,the variability in influent substrate concentrations presents a challenge in optimizing N removal strategies due to its impact on removal efficiency and mechanisms.Here we show the interplay between influent substrate concentration and N removal processes within integrated vertical-flow constructed wetlands(IVFCWs),using wastewaters enriched with NO_(3)^(-)-N and NH4þ-N at varying carbon to nitrogen(C/N)ratios(1,3,and 6).In the NO_(3)^(-)-N enriched systems,a positive correlation was observed between the C/N ratio and total nitrogen(TN)removal efficiency,which markedly increased from 13.46±2.23%to 87.00±2.37%as the C/N ratio escalated from 1 to 6.Conversely,in NH4þ-N enriched systems,TN removal efficiencies in the A-6 setup(33.69±4.83%)were marginally 1.25 to 1.29 times higher than those in A-3 and A-1 systems,attributed to constraints in dissolved oxygen(DO)levels and alkalinity.Microbial community analysis and metabolic pathway assessment revealed that anaerobic denitrification,microbial N assimilation,and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium(DNRA)predominated in NO_(3)^(-)-N systems with higher C/N ratios(C/N 3).In contrast,aerobic denitrification and microbial N assimilation were the primary pathways in NH4þ-N systems and low C/N NO_(3)^(-)-N systems.A mass balance approach indicated denitrification and microbial N assimilation contributed 4.12-47.12%and 8.51e38.96%in NO_(3)^(-)-N systems,respectively,and 0.55e17.35%and 7.83e33.55%in NH4þ-N systems to TN removal.To enhance N removal,strategies for NO_(3)-N dominated systems should address carbon source limitations and electron competition between denitrification and DNRA processes,while NH4þ-N dominated systems require optimization of carbon utilization pathways,and ensuring adequate DO and alkalinity supply.

Developing“precise-acting”strategies for improving anaerobic methanogenesis of organic waste:Insights from the electron transfer system of syntrophic partners

Methanogenesis is the last step in anaerobic digestion,which is usually a rate-limiting step in the biological treatment of organic waste.The low methanogenesis efficiency(low methane production rate,low methane yield,low methane content)substantially limits the development of anaerobic digestion technology.Traditional pretreatment methods and bio-stimulation strategies have impacts on the entire anaerobic system and cannot directly enhance methanogenesis in a targeted manner,which was defined as“broad-acting”strategies in this perspective.Further,we discussed our opinion of methanogenesis process with insights from the electron transfer system of syntrophic partners and provided potential targeted enhancing strategy for high-efficiency electron transfer system.These“precise-acting”strategies are expected to achieve an efficient methanogenesis process and enhance the bio-energy recovery of organic waste.

Applications and recent advances in transdermal drug delivery systems for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic,systemic autoimmune disease predominantly based on joint lesions with an extremely high disability and deformity rate.Several drugs have been used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis,but their use is limited by suboptimal bioavailability,serious adverse effects,and nonnegligible first-pass effects.In contrast,transdermal drug delivery systems(TDDSs)can avoid these drawbacks and improve patient compliance,making them a promising option for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis(RA).Of course,TDDSs also face unique challenges,as the physiological barrier of the skin makes drug delivery somewhat limited.To overcome this barrier and maximize drug delivery efficiency,TDDSs have evolved in terms of the principle of transdermal facilitation and transdermal facilitation technology,and different generations of TDDSs have been derived,which have significantly improved transdermal efficiency and even achieved individualized controlled drug delivery.In this review,we summarize the different generations of transdermal drug delivery systems,the corresponding transdermal strategies,and their applications in the treatment of RA.

The origin of ultrasensitive SERS sensing beyond plasmonics

Plasmon-free surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)substrates have attracted tremendous attention for their abundant sources,excellent chemical stability,superior biocompatibility,good signal uniformity,and unique selectivity to target molecules.Recently,researchers have made great progress in fabricating novel plasmon-free SERS substrates and exploring new enhancement strategies to improve their sensitivity.This review summarizes the recent developments of plasmon-free SERS substrates and specially focuses on the enhancement mechanisms and strategies.Furthermore,the promising applications of plasmon-free SERS substrates in biomedical diagnosis,metal ions and organic pollutants sensing,chemical and biochemical reactions monitoring,and photoelectric characterization are introduced.Finally,current challenges and future research opportunities in plasmon-free SERS substrates are briefly discussed.