Hypertension is a primary risk factor for the progression of cognitive impairment caused by cerebral small vessel disease,the most common cerebrovascular disease.Howeve r,the causal relationship between hypertension a...Hypertension is a primary risk factor for the progression of cognitive impairment caused by cerebral small vessel disease,the most common cerebrovascular disease.Howeve r,the causal relationship between hypertension and cerebral small vessel disease remains unclear.Hypertension has substantial negative impacts on brain health and is recognized as a risk factor for cerebrovascular disease.Chronic hypertension and lifestyle factors are associated with risks for stro ke and dementia,and cerebral small vessel disease can cause dementia and stroke.Hypertension is the main driver of cerebral small vessel disease,which changes the structure and function of cerebral vessels via various mechanisms and leads to lacunar infarction,leukoaraiosis,white matter lesions,and intracerebral hemorrhage,ultimately res ulting in cognitive decline and demonstrating that the brain is the to rget organ of hypertension.This review updates our understanding of the pathogenesis of hypertensioninduced cerebral small vessel disease and the res ulting changes in brain structure and function and declines in cognitive ability.We also discuss drugs to treat cerebral small vessel disease and cognitive impairment.展开更多
[目的]拟探讨人工智能(AI)辅助对不同年资医生预测脑出血早期血肿扩大的效果差异。[方法]回顾性地纳入大连理工大学附属中心医院诊断为脑出血的患者108例,收集入院时CT影像和入院后24 h CT影像,将病人入院时平扫CT获得的DICOM图像输入到...[目的]拟探讨人工智能(AI)辅助对不同年资医生预测脑出血早期血肿扩大的效果差异。[方法]回顾性地纳入大连理工大学附属中心医院诊断为脑出血的患者108例,收集入院时CT影像和入院后24 h CT影像,将病人入院时平扫CT获得的DICOM图像输入到Biomind与天坛合作开发的AI-CAD模型。在大连理工大学附属中心医院神经外科选择不同年资的医生共9名,先对患者进行独立预测,再结合辅助AI结果预测患者24 h内是否会出现血肿扩大。分别计算不同年资医生独立预测以及辅助AI预测脑出血早期血肿扩大的准确度,采用配对样本的McNemar检验不同医生间独立预测符合率和辅助AI预测准确度的差异显著性。[结果]高、中、低年资医生独立预测脑出血早期血肿扩大的准确度分别为58.95%、50.62%和38.89%,AI辅助后,预测准确度均显著提升(P<0.001),提升幅度最大的是低年资医生,为25.92%,其次是中年资医生,为19.75%,最小为高年资医生,为11.73%。在独立预测脑出血血肿扩大时,高年资医生灵敏度为18.75%(95%CI:9.44%~33.10%),特异度为65.94%(95%CI:59.98%~71.45%),中年资医生灵敏度为16.67%(95%CI:7.97%~30.76%),特异度为56.52%(95%CI:50.44%~62.42%),低年资医生灵敏度为8.33%(95%CI:2.70%~20.87%),特异度为44.20%(95%CI:38.29%~50.28%);但在AI辅助各年资医生预测后,各年资医生灵敏度和特异度均提高,高年资医生灵敏度为60.42%(95%CI:45.29%~73.88%),特异度为72.46%(95%CI:66.72%~77.57%),中年资医生灵敏度为64.58%(95%CI:49.40%~77.45%),特异度为71.38%(95%CI:65.59%~76.56%),低年资医生灵敏度为68.75%(95%CI:53.60%~80.91%),特异度为64.13%(95%CI:58.13%~69.73%)。[结论]AI-CAD辅助对高、中、低年资医生预测脑出血早期血肿扩大的准确性均有提升,尤其能显著提高低年资医生发现早期血肿扩大的能力,能够在一定程度上弥补低年资医生工作经验不足的问题。展开更多
Objective: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a condition of insufficient penile erection, consistently or recurrently, for sexual activity. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) induces transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-...Objective: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a condition of insufficient penile erection, consistently or recurrently, for sexual activity. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) induces transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), which causes the transition of epithelial cells into mesenchymal cells that affect ED. This study aimed to evaluate the roles of TNF-α, TGF-β, degree of lower urinary tract symptoms, and prostatic volume for the presence of ED in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients.Methods: Our study performed an analytic observational retrospective cohort study using secondary data from four hospitals in Bali, Indonesia, including medical records and other administrative data. The sample was BPH patients with several history qualifications.Results: Our sample was 83 respondents, ranging from 50 years to 80 years, 61 respondents with ED and 22 with non-ED. The International Prostate Symptom Score showed a significant result, which indicates that ED is more common in patients with higher International Prostate Symptom Score (p=0.002). Moreover, the TNF-α of ≥43.9 pg/mg and TGF-β of ≥175.8 pg/mL were significantly associated with the presence of ED in BPH patients (p<0.0001). Despite these results, prostate volume is not significant with ED (p=0.947).Conclusion: TNF-α, TGF-β, and lower urinary tract symptoms severity can predict the occurrence of ED in BPH, while prostatic volume was not significant.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82274611 (to LZ),82104419 (to DM)Capital Science and Technology Leading Talent Training Project,No.Z1 91100006119017 (to LZ)+3 种基金Beijing Hospitals Authority Ascent Plan,No.DFL20190803 (to LZ)Cultivation Fund of Hospital Management Center in Beijing,No.PZ2022006 (to DM)R&D Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission,No.KM202210025017 (to DM)Beijing Gold-Bridge Project,No.ZZ20145 (to DM)。
文摘Hypertension is a primary risk factor for the progression of cognitive impairment caused by cerebral small vessel disease,the most common cerebrovascular disease.Howeve r,the causal relationship between hypertension and cerebral small vessel disease remains unclear.Hypertension has substantial negative impacts on brain health and is recognized as a risk factor for cerebrovascular disease.Chronic hypertension and lifestyle factors are associated with risks for stro ke and dementia,and cerebral small vessel disease can cause dementia and stroke.Hypertension is the main driver of cerebral small vessel disease,which changes the structure and function of cerebral vessels via various mechanisms and leads to lacunar infarction,leukoaraiosis,white matter lesions,and intracerebral hemorrhage,ultimately res ulting in cognitive decline and demonstrating that the brain is the to rget organ of hypertension.This review updates our understanding of the pathogenesis of hypertensioninduced cerebral small vessel disease and the res ulting changes in brain structure and function and declines in cognitive ability.We also discuss drugs to treat cerebral small vessel disease and cognitive impairment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52373091,52173084,51973192,51603122)Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering (2021SZ-FR002)。
文摘[目的]拟探讨人工智能(AI)辅助对不同年资医生预测脑出血早期血肿扩大的效果差异。[方法]回顾性地纳入大连理工大学附属中心医院诊断为脑出血的患者108例,收集入院时CT影像和入院后24 h CT影像,将病人入院时平扫CT获得的DICOM图像输入到Biomind与天坛合作开发的AI-CAD模型。在大连理工大学附属中心医院神经外科选择不同年资的医生共9名,先对患者进行独立预测,再结合辅助AI结果预测患者24 h内是否会出现血肿扩大。分别计算不同年资医生独立预测以及辅助AI预测脑出血早期血肿扩大的准确度,采用配对样本的McNemar检验不同医生间独立预测符合率和辅助AI预测准确度的差异显著性。[结果]高、中、低年资医生独立预测脑出血早期血肿扩大的准确度分别为58.95%、50.62%和38.89%,AI辅助后,预测准确度均显著提升(P<0.001),提升幅度最大的是低年资医生,为25.92%,其次是中年资医生,为19.75%,最小为高年资医生,为11.73%。在独立预测脑出血血肿扩大时,高年资医生灵敏度为18.75%(95%CI:9.44%~33.10%),特异度为65.94%(95%CI:59.98%~71.45%),中年资医生灵敏度为16.67%(95%CI:7.97%~30.76%),特异度为56.52%(95%CI:50.44%~62.42%),低年资医生灵敏度为8.33%(95%CI:2.70%~20.87%),特异度为44.20%(95%CI:38.29%~50.28%);但在AI辅助各年资医生预测后,各年资医生灵敏度和特异度均提高,高年资医生灵敏度为60.42%(95%CI:45.29%~73.88%),特异度为72.46%(95%CI:66.72%~77.57%),中年资医生灵敏度为64.58%(95%CI:49.40%~77.45%),特异度为71.38%(95%CI:65.59%~76.56%),低年资医生灵敏度为68.75%(95%CI:53.60%~80.91%),特异度为64.13%(95%CI:58.13%~69.73%)。[结论]AI-CAD辅助对高、中、低年资医生预测脑出血早期血肿扩大的准确性均有提升,尤其能显著提高低年资医生发现早期血肿扩大的能力,能够在一定程度上弥补低年资医生工作经验不足的问题。
文摘Objective: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a condition of insufficient penile erection, consistently or recurrently, for sexual activity. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) induces transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), which causes the transition of epithelial cells into mesenchymal cells that affect ED. This study aimed to evaluate the roles of TNF-α, TGF-β, degree of lower urinary tract symptoms, and prostatic volume for the presence of ED in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients.Methods: Our study performed an analytic observational retrospective cohort study using secondary data from four hospitals in Bali, Indonesia, including medical records and other administrative data. The sample was BPH patients with several history qualifications.Results: Our sample was 83 respondents, ranging from 50 years to 80 years, 61 respondents with ED and 22 with non-ED. The International Prostate Symptom Score showed a significant result, which indicates that ED is more common in patients with higher International Prostate Symptom Score (p=0.002). Moreover, the TNF-α of ≥43.9 pg/mg and TGF-β of ≥175.8 pg/mL were significantly associated with the presence of ED in BPH patients (p<0.0001). Despite these results, prostate volume is not significant with ED (p=0.947).Conclusion: TNF-α, TGF-β, and lower urinary tract symptoms severity can predict the occurrence of ED in BPH, while prostatic volume was not significant.
