Given the growing awareness of the likely catastrophic impacts of climate change and close association of climate change with global emissions of greenhouse gases （of which carbon dioxide is more prominent） , consid...Given the growing awareness of the likely catastrophic impacts of climate change and close association of climate change with global emissions of greenhouse gases （of which carbon dioxide is more prominent） , considerable research efforts have been devoted to the analysis of carbon dioxide （CO2） emissions and its relationship to sustainable development. Now GHG reduction programs have been coming into effect in many developed coun- tries that have more responsibility for historical CO2 emissions, and the studies have become mature. First, the GHG emissions accounting system is more all-inclusive and the methods are more rational with the effort of IPCC from 1995 and all other research- ers related. Second, the responsibility allocation is more rational and fair. Along with the clarity of ＂carbon transfer＂ and ＂carbon leakage＂, the perspective and methodology for allocating regional COz emissions responsibility is turning from production base to consumption base. Third, the decomposition method has become more mature and more complex. For example, the decomposition formulas are including KAYA expression and input-output expres- sion and the decomposition techniques are developed from index analysis to simple average divisia and then adaptive-weighting divisia. Fourth, projection models have become more integrated and long-term. The top-down model and bottom-up model are both inter-embedded and synergetic. Trends above give some advice for the research on CO2 in China, such as emissions factors database construction, deeper-going research on emissions responsibility and structure analysis, promotion of modeling technology and technology-environment database.展开更多
It is more than 30 years since the first Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition(CHINARE) landed in Antarctica in 1984, representing China’s initiation in polar research. This review briefly summarizes the Chi...It is more than 30 years since the first Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition(CHINARE) landed in Antarctica in 1984, representing China’s initiation in polar research. This review briefly summarizes the Chinese Antarctic scientific research and output accomplished over the past 30 years. The developments and progress in Antarctic research and the enhancement of international scientific cooperation achieved through the implementation of the CHINARE program have been remarkable. Since the 1980 s, four permanent Chinese Antarctic research stations have been established successively and 33 CHINAREs have been completed. The research results have been derived from a series of spatiotemporal observations in association with various projects and multidisciplinary studies in the fields of oceanography, glaciology, geology, geophysics, geochemistry, atmospheric science, upper atmospheric physics, Antarctic astronomy, biology and ecology, human medicine, polar environment observation, and polar engineering.展开更多
Social network analysis(SNA) has been introduced to China's Mainland since the end of last century. It is often stated that SNA research has experienced rapid growth in China over these years, but few studies have...Social network analysis(SNA) has been introduced to China's Mainland since the end of last century. It is often stated that SNA research has experienced rapid growth in China over these years, but few studies have been conducted to prove the statement. This paper aims at exploring the research status and development of SNA in China by a critical assessment of journal articles. Our findings show that SNA is an evolving and diversified research area which has rich themes and topics, and can be applied to those studies on different levels, context and disciplines, and attract researchers and scholars from various fields and domains. In addition, the information community(Library & Information Science and Information Systems) plays a leading role in the SNA related researches. The paper also points out the research on SNA in China has some limitations, so it proposes several implications for the future development of SNA research from perspectives of information science.展开更多
Background:The number of papers published in the field of nursing practice has greatly increased in recent years in China's Mainland,yet the quality of these papers is highly variable.There has been no attempt to ...Background:The number of papers published in the field of nursing practice has greatly increased in recent years in China's Mainland,yet the quality of these papers is highly variable.There has been no attempt to comprehensively estimate the overall quantity and quality of these papers.Objectives:To systematically retrieve nursing intervention studies published in simplified Chinese from 1979 to 2012,critically appraise their quality,and provide suggestions for future development.Methods:All of the papers were retrieved from China Biology Medicine disc database.The preliminary screening of retrieved publications was performed prior to conducting a rigorous quality evaluation of the remaining publications.10 characteristics would be included in consideration in quality evaluations.Results:69,150 papers were retrieved according to searching strategy.7391 of them were included after preliminary screening and appraised critically.Among the 10 characteristics considered in quality evaluations,the lowest ratings were observed for the factors of“utilisation of blind method”(13 articles),“description of loss of follow-up”(499 articles),“appropriate calculation of sample size”(511 articles)and“randomised assignment of patients to treatments”(652 articles).Conclusions:Chinese papers published in the field of nursing practice have increased over time,but improvements remain needed to ensure that thorough studies with high-quality research methodologies are being performed.Future nursing researchers should not only improve the design of their intervention studies but also clearly describe the methodology they used,especially in group randomisation,blinded research designs,and estimations of required sample sizes.展开更多
Translator’s study is the focus of translation,especially focus of literary translation.The eco-translatology,the combination of ecology and translatology,enables the new development and prosperity of translation.Tra...Translator’s study is the focus of translation,especially focus of literary translation.The eco-translatology,the combination of ecology and translatology,enables the new development and prosperity of translation.Translator’s study,especially the literary translator’s study,based on the eco-translatology is vital to uncover the mystery of literary translation and cultivate literary translation talents.This paper first analyzes and summarizes research of translator’s study,then briefly introduces the eco-translatology,and finally researches the literary translator from the perspective of eco-translatology with the descriptive method and case study,exemplifies with famous translator Zhang Peiji.展开更多
By analyzing China's national image in the eyes of European missionaries, philosophers, and writers during the Enlightenment, it was concluded that in the 18 ^(th) century, Europe's understanding of China cove...By analyzing China's national image in the eyes of European missionaries, philosophers, and writers during the Enlightenment, it was concluded that in the 18 ^(th) century, Europe's understanding of China covered the fields of matter, system, and culture, and Western countries have placed their political expectations on China.展开更多
The Philippine Space Law was approved by the Philippine Senate and the House of Representatives on June 4, 2019, and was signed by the Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte on August 8, 2019 [1]. The approval of this a...The Philippine Space Law was approved by the Philippine Senate and the House of Representatives on June 4, 2019, and was signed by the Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte on August 8, 2019 [1]. The approval of this act can be of great significance in the development of Philippine’s outer space activities and astronautic industry. This article intends to discuss and analyze the Philippine Space Law background, main content, and its enlightenment with regard to the improvement of China’s space law system.展开更多
基金the helpful funding from the Ministry for Science and technology of China (GrantNo. 2007BAC03A11-04)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41101118)+1 种基金China Postdoctor Science Foundation (Grant No. 20100480438)National Project 973 (Grant No.2012CB95570002)
文摘Given the growing awareness of the likely catastrophic impacts of climate change and close association of climate change with global emissions of greenhouse gases （of which carbon dioxide is more prominent） , considerable research efforts have been devoted to the analysis of carbon dioxide （CO2） emissions and its relationship to sustainable development. Now GHG reduction programs have been coming into effect in many developed coun- tries that have more responsibility for historical CO2 emissions, and the studies have become mature. First, the GHG emissions accounting system is more all-inclusive and the methods are more rational with the effort of IPCC from 1995 and all other research- ers related. Second, the responsibility allocation is more rational and fair. Along with the clarity of ＂carbon transfer＂ and ＂carbon leakage＂, the perspective and methodology for allocating regional COz emissions responsibility is turning from production base to consumption base. Third, the decomposition method has become more mature and more complex. For example, the decomposition formulas are including KAYA expression and input-output expres- sion and the decomposition techniques are developed from index analysis to simple average divisia and then adaptive-weighting divisia. Fourth, projection models have become more integrated and long-term. The top-down model and bottom-up model are both inter-embedded and synergetic. Trends above give some advice for the research on CO2 in China, such as emissions factors database construction, deeper-going research on emissions responsibility and structure analysis, promotion of modeling technology and technology-environment database.
文摘It is more than 30 years since the first Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition(CHINARE) landed in Antarctica in 1984, representing China’s initiation in polar research. This review briefly summarizes the Chinese Antarctic scientific research and output accomplished over the past 30 years. The developments and progress in Antarctic research and the enhancement of international scientific cooperation achieved through the implementation of the CHINARE program have been remarkable. Since the 1980 s, four permanent Chinese Antarctic research stations have been established successively and 33 CHINAREs have been completed. The research results have been derived from a series of spatiotemporal observations in association with various projects and multidisciplinary studies in the fields of oceanography, glaciology, geology, geophysics, geochemistry, atmospheric science, upper atmospheric physics, Antarctic astronomy, biology and ecology, human medicine, polar environment observation, and polar engineering.
基金jointly supported by the National Social Science Foundation in China(Grand No.10ATQ004)Ministry of Education,Humanities and Social Sciences Council in China(Grand No.09YJA870014)
文摘Social network analysis(SNA) has been introduced to China's Mainland since the end of last century. It is often stated that SNA research has experienced rapid growth in China over these years, but few studies have been conducted to prove the statement. This paper aims at exploring the research status and development of SNA in China by a critical assessment of journal articles. Our findings show that SNA is an evolving and diversified research area which has rich themes and topics, and can be applied to those studies on different levels, context and disciplines, and attract researchers and scholars from various fields and domains. In addition, the information community(Library & Information Science and Information Systems) plays a leading role in the SNA related researches. The paper also points out the research on SNA in China has some limitations, so it proposes several implications for the future development of SNA research from perspectives of information science.
文摘Background:The number of papers published in the field of nursing practice has greatly increased in recent years in China's Mainland,yet the quality of these papers is highly variable.There has been no attempt to comprehensively estimate the overall quantity and quality of these papers.Objectives:To systematically retrieve nursing intervention studies published in simplified Chinese from 1979 to 2012,critically appraise their quality,and provide suggestions for future development.Methods:All of the papers were retrieved from China Biology Medicine disc database.The preliminary screening of retrieved publications was performed prior to conducting a rigorous quality evaluation of the remaining publications.10 characteristics would be included in consideration in quality evaluations.Results:69,150 papers were retrieved according to searching strategy.7391 of them were included after preliminary screening and appraised critically.Among the 10 characteristics considered in quality evaluations,the lowest ratings were observed for the factors of“utilisation of blind method”(13 articles),“description of loss of follow-up”(499 articles),“appropriate calculation of sample size”(511 articles)and“randomised assignment of patients to treatments”(652 articles).Conclusions:Chinese papers published in the field of nursing practice have increased over time,but improvements remain needed to ensure that thorough studies with high-quality research methodologies are being performed.Future nursing researchers should not only improve the design of their intervention studies but also clearly describe the methodology they used,especially in group randomisation,blinded research designs,and estimations of required sample sizes.
文摘Translator’s study is the focus of translation,especially focus of literary translation.The eco-translatology,the combination of ecology and translatology,enables the new development and prosperity of translation.Translator’s study,especially the literary translator’s study,based on the eco-translatology is vital to uncover the mystery of literary translation and cultivate literary translation talents.This paper first analyzes and summarizes research of translator’s study,then briefly introduces the eco-translatology,and finally researches the literary translator from the perspective of eco-translatology with the descriptive method and case study,exemplifies with famous translator Zhang Peiji.
基金Sponsored by "Twelfth Five-year Plan" Program of Guangdong Provincial Philosophy and Social Sciences(GD15XLS07)
文摘By analyzing China's national image in the eyes of European missionaries, philosophers, and writers during the Enlightenment, it was concluded that in the 18 ^(th) century, Europe's understanding of China covered the fields of matter, system, and culture, and Western countries have placed their political expectations on China.
文摘The Philippine Space Law was approved by the Philippine Senate and the House of Representatives on June 4, 2019, and was signed by the Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte on August 8, 2019 [1]. The approval of this act can be of great significance in the development of Philippine’s outer space activities and astronautic industry. This article intends to discuss and analyze the Philippine Space Law background, main content, and its enlightenment with regard to the improvement of China’s space law system.
