Spinal cord injury(SCI)is a debilitating condition characterized by damage to the spinal cord resulting in loss of function,mobility,and sensation with no U.S.Food and Drug Administration-approved cure.Enolase,a multi...Spinal cord injury(SCI)is a debilitating condition characterized by damage to the spinal cord resulting in loss of function,mobility,and sensation with no U.S.Food and Drug Administration-approved cure.Enolase,a multifunctional glycolytic enzyme upregulated after SCI,promotes pro-and anti-inflammatory events and regulates functional recovery in SCI.Enolase is normally expressed in the cytosol,but the expression is upregulated at the cell surface following cellular injury,promoting glial cell activation and signal transduction pathway activation.SCI-induced microglia activation triggers pro-inflammatory mediators at the injury site,activating other immune cells and metabolic events,i.e.,Rho-associated kinase,contributing to the neuroinflammation found in SCI.Enolase surface expression also activates cathepsin X,resulting in cleavage of the C-terminal end of neuron-specific enolase(NSE)and non-neuronal enolase(NNE).Fully functional enolase is necessary as NSE/NNE C-terminal proteins activate many neurotrophic processes,i.e.,the plasminogen activation system,phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/protein kinase B,and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase.Studies here suggest an enolase inhibitor,ENOblock,attenuates the activation of Rho-associated kinase,which may decrease glial cell activation and promote functional recovery following SCI.Also,ENOblock inhibits cathepsin X,which may help prevent the cleavage of the neurotrophic C-terminal protein allowing full plasminogen activation and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase activity.The combined NSE/cathepsin X inhibition may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for preventing neuroinflammation/degeneration and promoting neural cell regeneration and recovery following SCI.The role of cell membrane-expressed enolase and associated metabolic events should be investigated to determine if the same strategies can be applied to other neurodegenerative diseases.Hence,this review discusses the importance of enolase activation and inhibition as a potential therapeutic target following SCI to promote neuronal survival and regeneration.展开更多
Spinal Cord Injury(SCI)is a debilitating condition characterized by damage to the spinal cord,resulting in loss of function,mobility,and sensation.Although increasingly prevalent in the US,no FDA-approved therapy exis...Spinal Cord Injury(SCI)is a debilitating condition characterized by damage to the spinal cord,resulting in loss of function,mobility,and sensation.Although increasingly prevalent in the US,no FDA-approved therapy exists due to the unfortunate complexity of the condition,and the difficulties of SCI may be furthered by the development of SCI-related complications,such as osteoporosis.SCI demonstrates two crucial stages for consideration:the primary stage and the secondary stage.While the primary stage is suggested to be immediate and irreversible,the secondary stage is proposed as a promising window of opportunity for therapeutic intervention.Enolase,a metabolic enzyme upregulated after SCI,performs non-glycolytic functions,promoting inflammatory events via extracellular degradative actions and increased production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines.Neuron-specific enolase(NSE)serves as a biomarker of functional damage to neurons following SCI,and the inhibition of NSE has been demonstrated to reduce signs of secondary injury of SCI and to ameliorate dysfunction.This Viewpoint article involves enolase activation in the regulation of RANK-RANKL pathway and summarizes succinctly the mechanisms influencing osteoclast-mediated resorption of bone in SCI.Our laboratory proposes that inhibition of enolase activation may reduce SCI-induced inflammatory response and decrease osteoclast activity,limiting the chances of skeletal tissue loss in SCI.展开更多
BACKGROUND Silicosis is a type of chronic pulmonary fibrosis caused by long-term inhalation of silica dust particles.There has been no ideal biomarker for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of silicosis until no...BACKGROUND Silicosis is a type of chronic pulmonary fibrosis caused by long-term inhalation of silica dust particles.There has been no ideal biomarker for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of silicosis until now.Studies have found that elevated neuron-specific enolase(NSE)concentration in the serum of silicosis patients is helpful for diagnosis and severity assessment of the disease.However,the number of cases in these studies was not enough to arouse attention.AIM To investigate the clinical significance of serum NSE in the diagnosis and staging of silicosis.METHODS From January 2017 to June 2019,326 cases of silicosis confirmed in Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University were included in the silicosis group.A total of 328 healthy individuals or medical patients without silicosis were included in the control group.Serum NSE concentrations of all subjects were determined by electrochemical luminescence.RESULTS There were no significant differences in sex,age,smoking index and complications between the silicosis and control groups.The mean serum NSE concentration was 26.57±20.95 ng/mL in the silicosis group and 12.42±2.68 ng/mL in the control group.The difference between the two groups was significant(U=15187,P=0.000).Among the 326 patients with silicosis,103 had stage I silicosis,and the mean serum NSE concentration was 15.55±6.23 ng/mL.The mean serum NSE concentration was 21.85±12.05 ng/mL in 70 patients with stage II silicosis.The mean serum NSE concentration was 36.14±25.72 ng/mL in 153 patients with stage III silicosis.Kruskal-Wallis H test suggested that the difference in serum NSE concentration in silicosis patients in the three groups was significant(H=130.196,P=0.000).Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that the area under the curve was 0.858(95%confidence interval:0.828-0.888;P=0.000).When the NSE concentration was 15.82 ng/mL,the Jorden index was the largest,the sensitivity was 72%,and the specificity was 90%.CONCLUSION Serum NSE concentration may be a promising biomarker for the diagnosis and assessment of severity of silicosis.展开更多
Objective: In order ic look into the alterations and effects of neuron specific enolase (NSE) in cerebralspinal fluid (CSF ) and serum of foe paticnts with glioma and meningiomas. Methods: We studied CSF and serumleve...Objective: In order ic look into the alterations and effects of neuron specific enolase (NSE) in cerebralspinal fluid (CSF ) and serum of foe paticnts with glioma and meningiomas. Methods: We studied CSF and serumlevels of NSE in 40 patients with gliomas and 10 with meningiomas;3 days before and after operation byradioimmunoassay. Results: Compared with the value of NSE: in CSF and serum from 10 control patients. samplesfrom patients with malignant gliomas contained abnormally high level of NSE before operation (P < 0. 05 ) butnormal level after operation (P >0. 05 ). However. samples from patients with low grade gliomas andmeningiomas were within normal range before and after operation (P >0. 05). Gliomas with totall refectionshowed normal NSE values but with sub lotal removal presented high levels of NSE after surgery (P < 0. 05).Conclusion: The increased value of NSE in patients with malignant gliomas may be associated with elevated rate of glucolysis. As one of the new tumor markers NSE Is postulated to play an important role in the diagnosi followup and monitoring of gliomas.展开更多
Purpose: Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common but accurate diagnosis and its clinical consequences have been a problem. Maxillofacial trauma does have an association with TBI. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) has ...Purpose: Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common but accurate diagnosis and its clinical consequences have been a problem. Maxillofacial trauma does have an association with TBI. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) has been developed to evaluate neuronl damage. The objective of this study was to investigate the accuracy of NSE serum levels to detect mild brain injury of patients with sustained maxillofacial fractures during motor vehicle accidents. Methods: Blood samples were drawn from 40 healthy people (control group) and 48 trauma patients who has sustained isolated maxillofacial fractures and mild brain injury in motor vehicle accidents. Brain injuries were graded by Glasgow Coma Scale. In the trauma group, correlations between the NSE serum value and different facial fracture sites were also assessed. Results: The NSE serum level (mean ± SD, ng/ml) in the 48 patients with maxillofacial fractures and mild TBI was 13.12 ± 9.68, significantly higher than that measured in the healthy control group (7.72 ± 1.82, p < 0.001). The mean NSE serum level (ng/ml) in the lower part of the facial skeleton (15.44 with SD 15.34) was higher than that in the upper facial part (12.42 with SD 7.68);and the mean NSE level (ng/ml) in the middle-and lower part (11.97 with SD 5.63) was higher than in the middle part (7.88 with SD 2.64). Conclusion: An increase in NSE serum levels can be observed in patients sustained maxillofacial fractures and mild brain injury.展开更多
Enolase is a multifunctional enzyme primarily involved in catalyzing the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate during glycolysis and the reverse reaction during gluconeogenesis[1-4].Though typically ...Enolase is a multifunctional enzyme primarily involved in catalyzing the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate during glycolysis and the reverse reaction during gluconeogenesis[1-4].Though typically expressed in the cytosol,enolase has been shown to migrate to the cell surface upon inflammatory signal[3].展开更多
Enolase is a conserved cytoplasmic metalloenzyme existing universally in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.The enzyme can also locate on the cell surface and bind to plasminogen,via which contributing to the mucos...Enolase is a conserved cytoplasmic metalloenzyme existing universally in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.The enzyme can also locate on the cell surface and bind to plasminogen,via which contributing to the mucosal surface localization of the bacterial pathogens and assisting the invasion into the host cells.The functions of the eukaryotic enzymes on the cell surface expression(including T cells,B cells,neutrophils,monocytoes,neuronal cells and epithelial cells)are not known.Streptococcus suis serotype 2(S.suis 2,SS2)is an important zoonotic pathogen which has recently caused two large-scale outbreaks in southern China with severe streptococcal toxic shock syndrome(STSS)never seen before in human sufferers.We recently identified the SS2 enolase as an important protective antigen which could protect mice from fatal S.suis 2 infection.In this study,a 2.4-angstrom structure of the SS2 enolase is solved,revealing an octameric arrangement in the crystal.We further demonstrated that the enzyme exists exclusively as an octamer in solution via a sedimentation assay.These results indicate that the octamer is the biological unit of SS2 enolase at least in vitro and most likely in vivo as well.This is,to our knowledge,the first comprehensive characterization of the SS2 enolase octamer both structurally and biophysically,and the second octamer enolase structure in addition to that of Streptococcus pneumoniae.We also investigated the plasminogen binding property of the SS2 enzyme.展开更多
Objective To study the effect of 8 bromo cyclic AMP (8 Br cAMP) on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) mRNA, NOS and nitric oxide (NO) product, heat shock protein (hsp)70 and neuron specific enolase (NSE) in human retinoblast...Objective To study the effect of 8 bromo cyclic AMP (8 Br cAMP) on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) mRNA, NOS and nitric oxide (NO) product, heat shock protein (hsp)70 and neuron specific enolase (NSE) in human retinoblastoma HXO Rb44 cells and the effect related to cell differentiation Methods Cultured human retinoblastoma HXO Rb44 cells were divided into two aliquots One was cultured with 2×10 5 ?mol/L of 8 Br cAMP for 24 hours as the experiment group; the other was treated with no 8 Br cAMP as the control group The cell suspensions in concentration of 1×10 7/ml in both groups were dropped onto the nitrocellulose membrane (NCM) The NOS mRNA was detected with the biotin labeled NOS cDNA probe by RNA dot blot The NOS activity was detected by protein dot blot The immunoreactivity (IR) of hsp70 and NSE was detected by protein dot blot The NO was detected by nitrate reductase method NCM specimens were analyzed by a TLC scanner for detection of the dot blot signal intensity Results The signals of NOS mRNA, NOS activity, hsp70 IR, NSE IR, and NO content in the experiment group were higher than those in the control group ( P <0 05-0 01) Conclusions 8 Br cAMP could increase NO product and the expression of NOS mRNA, NOS , NSE and hsp70 The results indicate that 8 Br cAMP could facilitate synthesis of NO in the neuroblastoma HXO Rb44 cells which could have tendency toward neuron development, suggesting that the increased hsp70, NO and NOS may involve cell differentiation of the retinoblastoma HXO展开更多
Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.It mainly consists of 2 histological types:small cell lung cancer(SCLC)and non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC,including squamous cell carcinoma and adeno...Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.It mainly consists of 2 histological types:small cell lung cancer(SCLC)and non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC,including squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma).The present study aimed to assess the role of serum progastrin-releasing peptide(ProGRP),neuron-specific enolase(NSE),and carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)and their combinations in the histological diagnosis of lung cancer(specially SCLC),which is of great importance for the initiation of treatment and prognostic implications.Serum ProGRP,NSE,and CEA were determined by the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay(ECLIA)in 66 patients with SCLC,73 with adenocarcinoma,44 with squamous cell carcinoma,45 with non-malignant pulmonary diseases,and 50 healthy controls.Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to compare the predictive ability of each biochemical marker and their combined detection models to discriminate among the patients with lung cancers of different histological groups,benign pulmonary diseases and healthy individuals.In the ECLIA detection system,ProGRP showed the sensitivity and specificity for SCLC diagnosis were 71.2%and 91.1%to 93.2%,respectively.Among the markers,the largest area under the ROCs was for ProGRP in discriminating SCLC from benign pulmonary diseases,squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma(0.815,0.859,and 0.835,respectively),which indicated that ProGRP was the most efficient marker for identifying SCLC.Besides,ProGRP and NSE exhibited almost equivalent diagnostic performance in discriminating SCLC from benign diseases.As for squamous cell carcinoma,we recommended proGRP,while for adenocarcinoma,the combination of proGRP and CEA was preferred.Remarkably,when ProGRP≤66pg/mL,CEA was of great value in diagnosing SCLC and adenocarcinoma.If CEA≤5ng/mL,the patient was at higher risk for SCLC,whereas the patient was more likely to be diagnosed with adenocarcinoma.Our study provided promising information about the diagnostic values of serum ProGRP,NSE,CEA in distinguishing SCLC from benign pulmonary diseases and NSCLC,which was of crucial clinical significance in the early diagnosis and therapy of SCLC.展开更多
The neuronal differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells offers a new strategy for the treatment of neurological disorders.Thus,there is a need to identify a noninvasive and sensitive in vivo imaging approach for real-t...The neuronal differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells offers a new strategy for the treatment of neurological disorders.Thus,there is a need to identify a noninvasive and sensitive in vivo imaging approach for real-time monitoring of transplanted stem cells.Our previous study confirmed that magnetic resonance imaging,with a focus on the ferritin heavy chain 1 reporter gene,could track the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells that had been transduced with lentivirus carrying the ferritin heavy chain 1 reporter gene.However,we could not determine whether or when bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells had undergone neuronal differentiation based on changes in the magnetic resonance imaging signal.To solve this problem,we identified a neuron-specific enolase that can be differentially expressed before and after neuronal differentiation in stem cells.In this study,we successfully constructed a lentivirus carrying the neuron-specific enolase promoter and expressing the ferritin heavy chain 1 reporter gene;we used this lentivirus to transduce bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.Cellular and animal studies showed that the neuron-specific enolase promoter effectively drove the expression of ferritin heavy chain 1 after neuronal differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells;this led to intracellular accumulation of iron and corresponding changes in the magnetic resonance imaging signal.In summary,we established an innovative magnetic resonance imaging approach focused on the induction of reporter gene expression by a neuron-specific promoter.This imaging method can be used to noninvasively and sensitively detect neuronal differentiation in stem cells,which may be useful in stem cell-based therapies.展开更多
Objective: To establish a prediction model of activities of daily living (ADL) as an auxiliary evaluation scheme of hospitalized Parkinson’s disease patients. Methods: The hospitalization data of Parkinson’s disease...Objective: To establish a prediction model of activities of daily living (ADL) as an auxiliary evaluation scheme of hospitalized Parkinson’s disease patients. Methods: The hospitalization data of Parkinson’s disease in patients in the Department of Neurology, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University were collected. Firstly the NSE values and each BI item were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Secondly, The NSE, Age, Body weight and Education level related to the total score of Barthel index were obtained by correlation analysis. At last, a multiple linear regression model was established with NSE, Age, Body weight and Education level as independent variables and BI as dependent variables. Results: A total of 95 patients with PD were enrolled in this study, including 53 males (55.8%) and 42 females (44.2%). The effects of the four independent variables incorporated in the model on the total score of Barthel index were statistically significant, as well as the regression model (F = 9.531, P Conclusion: The prediction model established in this research can effectively predict the activities of daily living of Parkinson’s patients and can be used as an auxiliary evaluation scheme of the hospitalized PD patients.展开更多
基金supported in part by funding from the Veterans Administration,Nos.1IOBX001262(to NLB)1I01 BX004269(to NLB and AH)+2 种基金South Carolina State Spinal Cord Injury Research Fund,No.SCIRF#2018 I-01(to AH)funding from the National Institutes of Health,No.1R21NS118393-01(to NLB and AH)Research Scientist Career Award from the Department of Veterans Affairs,No.1K6BX 005964(to NLB).
文摘Spinal cord injury(SCI)is a debilitating condition characterized by damage to the spinal cord resulting in loss of function,mobility,and sensation with no U.S.Food and Drug Administration-approved cure.Enolase,a multifunctional glycolytic enzyme upregulated after SCI,promotes pro-and anti-inflammatory events and regulates functional recovery in SCI.Enolase is normally expressed in the cytosol,but the expression is upregulated at the cell surface following cellular injury,promoting glial cell activation and signal transduction pathway activation.SCI-induced microglia activation triggers pro-inflammatory mediators at the injury site,activating other immune cells and metabolic events,i.e.,Rho-associated kinase,contributing to the neuroinflammation found in SCI.Enolase surface expression also activates cathepsin X,resulting in cleavage of the C-terminal end of neuron-specific enolase(NSE)and non-neuronal enolase(NNE).Fully functional enolase is necessary as NSE/NNE C-terminal proteins activate many neurotrophic processes,i.e.,the plasminogen activation system,phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/protein kinase B,and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase.Studies here suggest an enolase inhibitor,ENOblock,attenuates the activation of Rho-associated kinase,which may decrease glial cell activation and promote functional recovery following SCI.Also,ENOblock inhibits cathepsin X,which may help prevent the cleavage of the neurotrophic C-terminal protein allowing full plasminogen activation and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase activity.The combined NSE/cathepsin X inhibition may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for preventing neuroinflammation/degeneration and promoting neural cell regeneration and recovery following SCI.The role of cell membrane-expressed enolase and associated metabolic events should be investigated to determine if the same strategies can be applied to other neurodegenerative diseases.Hence,this review discusses the importance of enolase activation and inhibition as a potential therapeutic target following SCI to promote neuronal survival and regeneration.
基金the Veterans Administration(1IOBX001262,1I01 BX004269)South Carolina State Spinal Cord Injury Research Fund(SCIRF#2018 I-01)the National Institutes of Health(1R21NS118393-01).
文摘Spinal Cord Injury(SCI)is a debilitating condition characterized by damage to the spinal cord,resulting in loss of function,mobility,and sensation.Although increasingly prevalent in the US,no FDA-approved therapy exists due to the unfortunate complexity of the condition,and the difficulties of SCI may be furthered by the development of SCI-related complications,such as osteoporosis.SCI demonstrates two crucial stages for consideration:the primary stage and the secondary stage.While the primary stage is suggested to be immediate and irreversible,the secondary stage is proposed as a promising window of opportunity for therapeutic intervention.Enolase,a metabolic enzyme upregulated after SCI,performs non-glycolytic functions,promoting inflammatory events via extracellular degradative actions and increased production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines.Neuron-specific enolase(NSE)serves as a biomarker of functional damage to neurons following SCI,and the inhibition of NSE has been demonstrated to reduce signs of secondary injury of SCI and to ameliorate dysfunction.This Viewpoint article involves enolase activation in the regulation of RANK-RANKL pathway and summarizes succinctly the mechanisms influencing osteoclast-mediated resorption of bone in SCI.Our laboratory proposes that inhibition of enolase activation may reduce SCI-induced inflammatory response and decrease osteoclast activity,limiting the chances of skeletal tissue loss in SCI.
基金Supported by Quanzhou Science and Technology Bureau,No.2018N053S.
文摘BACKGROUND Silicosis is a type of chronic pulmonary fibrosis caused by long-term inhalation of silica dust particles.There has been no ideal biomarker for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of silicosis until now.Studies have found that elevated neuron-specific enolase(NSE)concentration in the serum of silicosis patients is helpful for diagnosis and severity assessment of the disease.However,the number of cases in these studies was not enough to arouse attention.AIM To investigate the clinical significance of serum NSE in the diagnosis and staging of silicosis.METHODS From January 2017 to June 2019,326 cases of silicosis confirmed in Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University were included in the silicosis group.A total of 328 healthy individuals or medical patients without silicosis were included in the control group.Serum NSE concentrations of all subjects were determined by electrochemical luminescence.RESULTS There were no significant differences in sex,age,smoking index and complications between the silicosis and control groups.The mean serum NSE concentration was 26.57±20.95 ng/mL in the silicosis group and 12.42±2.68 ng/mL in the control group.The difference between the two groups was significant(U=15187,P=0.000).Among the 326 patients with silicosis,103 had stage I silicosis,and the mean serum NSE concentration was 15.55±6.23 ng/mL.The mean serum NSE concentration was 21.85±12.05 ng/mL in 70 patients with stage II silicosis.The mean serum NSE concentration was 36.14±25.72 ng/mL in 153 patients with stage III silicosis.Kruskal-Wallis H test suggested that the difference in serum NSE concentration in silicosis patients in the three groups was significant(H=130.196,P=0.000).Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that the area under the curve was 0.858(95%confidence interval:0.828-0.888;P=0.000).When the NSE concentration was 15.82 ng/mL,the Jorden index was the largest,the sensitivity was 72%,and the specificity was 90%.CONCLUSION Serum NSE concentration may be a promising biomarker for the diagnosis and assessment of severity of silicosis.
文摘Objective: In order ic look into the alterations and effects of neuron specific enolase (NSE) in cerebralspinal fluid (CSF ) and serum of foe paticnts with glioma and meningiomas. Methods: We studied CSF and serumlevels of NSE in 40 patients with gliomas and 10 with meningiomas;3 days before and after operation byradioimmunoassay. Results: Compared with the value of NSE: in CSF and serum from 10 control patients. samplesfrom patients with malignant gliomas contained abnormally high level of NSE before operation (P < 0. 05 ) butnormal level after operation (P >0. 05 ). However. samples from patients with low grade gliomas andmeningiomas were within normal range before and after operation (P >0. 05). Gliomas with totall refectionshowed normal NSE values but with sub lotal removal presented high levels of NSE after surgery (P < 0. 05).Conclusion: The increased value of NSE in patients with malignant gliomas may be associated with elevated rate of glucolysis. As one of the new tumor markers NSE Is postulated to play an important role in the diagnosi followup and monitoring of gliomas.
文摘Purpose: Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common but accurate diagnosis and its clinical consequences have been a problem. Maxillofacial trauma does have an association with TBI. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) has been developed to evaluate neuronl damage. The objective of this study was to investigate the accuracy of NSE serum levels to detect mild brain injury of patients with sustained maxillofacial fractures during motor vehicle accidents. Methods: Blood samples were drawn from 40 healthy people (control group) and 48 trauma patients who has sustained isolated maxillofacial fractures and mild brain injury in motor vehicle accidents. Brain injuries were graded by Glasgow Coma Scale. In the trauma group, correlations between the NSE serum value and different facial fracture sites were also assessed. Results: The NSE serum level (mean ± SD, ng/ml) in the 48 patients with maxillofacial fractures and mild TBI was 13.12 ± 9.68, significantly higher than that measured in the healthy control group (7.72 ± 1.82, p < 0.001). The mean NSE serum level (ng/ml) in the lower part of the facial skeleton (15.44 with SD 15.34) was higher than that in the upper facial part (12.42 with SD 7.68);and the mean NSE level (ng/ml) in the middle-and lower part (11.97 with SD 5.63) was higher than in the middle part (7.88 with SD 2.64). Conclusion: An increase in NSE serum levels can be observed in patients sustained maxillofacial fractures and mild brain injury.
文摘Enolase is a multifunctional enzyme primarily involved in catalyzing the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate during glycolysis and the reverse reaction during gluconeogenesis[1-4].Though typically expressed in the cytosol,enolase has been shown to migrate to the cell surface upon inflammatory signal[3].
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)a leading principal investigator of the NSFC Innovative Research Group(Grant No.81021003).
文摘Enolase is a conserved cytoplasmic metalloenzyme existing universally in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.The enzyme can also locate on the cell surface and bind to plasminogen,via which contributing to the mucosal surface localization of the bacterial pathogens and assisting the invasion into the host cells.The functions of the eukaryotic enzymes on the cell surface expression(including T cells,B cells,neutrophils,monocytoes,neuronal cells and epithelial cells)are not known.Streptococcus suis serotype 2(S.suis 2,SS2)is an important zoonotic pathogen which has recently caused two large-scale outbreaks in southern China with severe streptococcal toxic shock syndrome(STSS)never seen before in human sufferers.We recently identified the SS2 enolase as an important protective antigen which could protect mice from fatal S.suis 2 infection.In this study,a 2.4-angstrom structure of the SS2 enolase is solved,revealing an octameric arrangement in the crystal.We further demonstrated that the enzyme exists exclusively as an octamer in solution via a sedimentation assay.These results indicate that the octamer is the biological unit of SS2 enolase at least in vitro and most likely in vivo as well.This is,to our knowledge,the first comprehensive characterization of the SS2 enolase octamer both structurally and biophysically,and the second octamer enolase structure in addition to that of Streptococcus pneumoniae.We also investigated the plasminogen binding property of the SS2 enzyme.
文摘Objective To study the effect of 8 bromo cyclic AMP (8 Br cAMP) on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) mRNA, NOS and nitric oxide (NO) product, heat shock protein (hsp)70 and neuron specific enolase (NSE) in human retinoblastoma HXO Rb44 cells and the effect related to cell differentiation Methods Cultured human retinoblastoma HXO Rb44 cells were divided into two aliquots One was cultured with 2×10 5 ?mol/L of 8 Br cAMP for 24 hours as the experiment group; the other was treated with no 8 Br cAMP as the control group The cell suspensions in concentration of 1×10 7/ml in both groups were dropped onto the nitrocellulose membrane (NCM) The NOS mRNA was detected with the biotin labeled NOS cDNA probe by RNA dot blot The NOS activity was detected by protein dot blot The immunoreactivity (IR) of hsp70 and NSE was detected by protein dot blot The NO was detected by nitrate reductase method NCM specimens were analyzed by a TLC scanner for detection of the dot blot signal intensity Results The signals of NOS mRNA, NOS activity, hsp70 IR, NSE IR, and NO content in the experiment group were higher than those in the control group ( P <0 05-0 01) Conclusions 8 Br cAMP could increase NO product and the expression of NOS mRNA, NOS , NSE and hsp70 The results indicate that 8 Br cAMP could facilitate synthesis of NO in the neuroblastoma HXO Rb44 cells which could have tendency toward neuron development, suggesting that the increased hsp70, NO and NOS may involve cell differentiation of the retinoblastoma HXO
基金This work was supported by the Guangdong Natural Science Foundation(grantnumber S2013010014007,2014A030313070)Guangdong Province Science&Technology Project Plan&Social Development Foundation(grant number 2010A030400006).
文摘Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.It mainly consists of 2 histological types:small cell lung cancer(SCLC)and non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC,including squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma).The present study aimed to assess the role of serum progastrin-releasing peptide(ProGRP),neuron-specific enolase(NSE),and carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)and their combinations in the histological diagnosis of lung cancer(specially SCLC),which is of great importance for the initiation of treatment and prognostic implications.Serum ProGRP,NSE,and CEA were determined by the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay(ECLIA)in 66 patients with SCLC,73 with adenocarcinoma,44 with squamous cell carcinoma,45 with non-malignant pulmonary diseases,and 50 healthy controls.Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to compare the predictive ability of each biochemical marker and their combined detection models to discriminate among the patients with lung cancers of different histological groups,benign pulmonary diseases and healthy individuals.In the ECLIA detection system,ProGRP showed the sensitivity and specificity for SCLC diagnosis were 71.2%and 91.1%to 93.2%,respectively.Among the markers,the largest area under the ROCs was for ProGRP in discriminating SCLC from benign pulmonary diseases,squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma(0.815,0.859,and 0.835,respectively),which indicated that ProGRP was the most efficient marker for identifying SCLC.Besides,ProGRP and NSE exhibited almost equivalent diagnostic performance in discriminating SCLC from benign diseases.As for squamous cell carcinoma,we recommended proGRP,while for adenocarcinoma,the combination of proGRP and CEA was preferred.Remarkably,when ProGRP≤66pg/mL,CEA was of great value in diagnosing SCLC and adenocarcinoma.If CEA≤5ng/mL,the patient was at higher risk for SCLC,whereas the patient was more likely to be diagnosed with adenocarcinoma.Our study provided promising information about the diagnostic values of serum ProGRP,NSE,CEA in distinguishing SCLC from benign pulmonary diseases and NSCLC,which was of crucial clinical significance in the early diagnosis and therapy of SCLC.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81771892(to JHC).
文摘The neuronal differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells offers a new strategy for the treatment of neurological disorders.Thus,there is a need to identify a noninvasive and sensitive in vivo imaging approach for real-time monitoring of transplanted stem cells.Our previous study confirmed that magnetic resonance imaging,with a focus on the ferritin heavy chain 1 reporter gene,could track the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells that had been transduced with lentivirus carrying the ferritin heavy chain 1 reporter gene.However,we could not determine whether or when bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells had undergone neuronal differentiation based on changes in the magnetic resonance imaging signal.To solve this problem,we identified a neuron-specific enolase that can be differentially expressed before and after neuronal differentiation in stem cells.In this study,we successfully constructed a lentivirus carrying the neuron-specific enolase promoter and expressing the ferritin heavy chain 1 reporter gene;we used this lentivirus to transduce bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.Cellular and animal studies showed that the neuron-specific enolase promoter effectively drove the expression of ferritin heavy chain 1 after neuronal differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells;this led to intracellular accumulation of iron and corresponding changes in the magnetic resonance imaging signal.In summary,we established an innovative magnetic resonance imaging approach focused on the induction of reporter gene expression by a neuron-specific promoter.This imaging method can be used to noninvasively and sensitively detect neuronal differentiation in stem cells,which may be useful in stem cell-based therapies.
文摘Objective: To establish a prediction model of activities of daily living (ADL) as an auxiliary evaluation scheme of hospitalized Parkinson’s disease patients. Methods: The hospitalization data of Parkinson’s disease in patients in the Department of Neurology, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University were collected. Firstly the NSE values and each BI item were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Secondly, The NSE, Age, Body weight and Education level related to the total score of Barthel index were obtained by correlation analysis. At last, a multiple linear regression model was established with NSE, Age, Body weight and Education level as independent variables and BI as dependent variables. Results: A total of 95 patients with PD were enrolled in this study, including 53 males (55.8%) and 42 females (44.2%). The effects of the four independent variables incorporated in the model on the total score of Barthel index were statistically significant, as well as the regression model (F = 9.531, P Conclusion: The prediction model established in this research can effectively predict the activities of daily living of Parkinson’s patients and can be used as an auxiliary evaluation scheme of the hospitalized PD patients.
