Similarity evaluation model for the internal defect detection of strip steel

An internal defect meter is an instrument to detect the internal inclusion defects of cold-rolled strip steel.The detection accuracy of the equipment can be evaluated based on the similarity of the multiple detection data obtained for the same steel coil.Based on the cosine similarity model and eigenvalue matrix model,a comprehensive evaluation method to calculate the weighted average of similarity is proposed.Results show that the new method is consistent with and can even replace artificial evaluation to realize the automatic evaluation of strip defect detection results.

Opti mization and Model of Laminar Cooling Control Systemfor Hot Strip Mills

The structure of laminar cooling control system for hot rolling was introduced and the control mode, cooling strategy, segment tracking and model recalculation were analyzed. The parameters of air/water cooling models were optimized by regressing the data gathering in situ, and satisfactory effect was obtained. The coiling temperature can be controlled within ±15℃.

Self-Learning and Its Application to Laminar Cooling Model of Hot Rolled Strip

The mathematical model for online controlling hot rolled steel cooling on run-out table （ROT for abbreviation） was analyzed, and water cooling is found to be the main cooling mode for hot rolled steel. The calculation of the drop in strip temperature by both water cooling and air cooling is summed up to obtain the change of heat transfer coefficient. It is found that the learning coefficient of heat transfer coefficient is the kernel coefficient of coiler temperature control （CTC） model tuning. To decrease the deviation between the calculated steel temperature and the measured one at coiler entrance, a laminar cooling control self-learning strategy is used. Using the data acquired in the field, the results of the self-learning model used in the field were analyzed. The analyzed results show that the self-learning function is effective.

Water Modeling of Twin-Roll Strip Casting

Twin-roll strip casting is regarded as a prospective technology of near net shape continuous casting. The fluid flow field and level fluctuation in the pool have a strong influence not only on composition and temperature homogeneity of pool, but also on the strip quality. A 1 ： 1 water model of a twin-roll strip caster was set up based on the criteria of Froude number and Reynold number similarity. The level fluctuation was measured. The influence of pool depth, casting speed and feeding system configuration on level fluctuation in the pool was studied. The experimental results provided a basis for the optimization of feeding system and process parameters.

Three-Di mensional Model for Strip Hot Rolling

A three-dimensional model for strip hot rolling was developed, in which the plastic deformation of strip, the thermal crown of rolls, roll deflection and flattening were calculated by rigid-plastic finite element method, finite difference method, influential function method and elastic finite element method respectively. The roll wear was taken into consideration. The model can provide detailed information such as rolling pressure distribution, contact pressure distribution between backup rolls and work rolls, deflection and flattening of work rolls, lateral distribution of strip thickness, and lateral distribution of front and back tensions. The finish rolling on a 1 450 mm hot strip mill was simulated.

Mathematical Model for Temperature Field of Strip Coil in Cooling and Heating Process

The convection between the strip coil boundary and the surrounding medium was studied, and the mathematical model and boundary conditions for the temperature field of anisotropic strip coil was proposed, and the temperature field of strip coil were calculated by the analytic method.

Cast-rolling force model in solid-liquid cast-rolling bonding(SLCRB) process for fabricating bimetal clad strips

Based on twin-roll casting, a cast-rolling force model was proposed to predict the rolling force in the bimetal solid-liquid cast-rolling bonding(SLCRB) process. The solid-liquid bonding zone was assumed to be below the kiss point(KP). The deformation resistance of the liquid zone was ignored. Then, the calculation model was derived. A 2D thermal-flow coupled simulation was established to provide a basis for the parameters in the model, and then the rolling forces of the Cu/Al clad strip at different rolling speeds were calculated. Meanwhile, through measurement experiments, the accuracy of the model was verified. The influence of the rolling speed, the substrate strip thickness, and the material on the rolling force was obtained. The results indicate that the rolling force decreases with the increase of the rolling speed and increases with the increase of the thickness and thermal conductivity of the substrate strip. The rolling force is closely related to the KP height. Therefore, the formulation of reasonable process parameters to control the KP height is of great significance to the stability of cast-rolling forming.

Modeling the Impact of Land-Use Change on Water Budget of Gaza Strip

Gaza has a water crisis and faces serious challenges for the future sustainability of its water resources. Land-use change has an expected effect on water budget of the Gaza Strip. Three different land cover scenarios;the and cover of 2007, land cover of 2020, and full urbanization land cover were simulated independently using The Automated Geospatial Watershed Assessment (AGWA) tool which work under the umbrella of GIS. In general, the simulation results indicate that land-cover changes will significantly alter the hydrologic response of Gaza region. Percolation is expected to decrease in all options as urban areas are expanded where as the simulated surface runoff reflected a relative departure from the first scenario comparing with other scenarios. In the baseline scenario (2007), the simulated surface runoff and percolation represent 12% and 41% respectively from the water budget components of the Gaza Strip. In year 2020, these values were expected by the simulation results to be 20% and 27% respectively. A unique linear relationship between the relative change in urban area and the corresponding relative change in surface water has been investigated from the simulation results. The analysis of the three urbanization scenarios can give decision makers better understand for the future situation and assist them to advance towards achieving sustainable development planning for water resources system in the Gaza Strip.

The integration of FAO-CropWat Model and GIS Techniques for Estimating Irrigation Water Requirement and Its Application in the Gaza Strip

In the Gaza Strip irrigation practices are only based on the farmer’s own experience, they determine when and how to irrigate crops based on the appearance of the soil and the climatic conditions. Even though FAO-CropWat model is used for many countries to estimate irrigation water requirements, it is rarely used for Gaza Strip. In the current re-search, it is the first attempt to model the historical available meteorological data to estimate the irrigation water requirements for the most common cultivated crops (citrus, almonds, date palms, grapes) and to compare the results with the farmer irrigation practices. The model results show that, the reference evapotranspiration accounts for 1451 ± 5 mm/year. Therefore the irrigation water requirements estimated to be 763, 722, 1083, 591 mm/year in average for Citrus, Almonds, Date palm, Grapes, respectively. The farmer irrigation practice exceeding the irrigation water requirement by 30%. The spatial distribution of irrigation water requirements in the entire area of Gaza Strip is shown on maps derived by GIS technique based on data from eight meteorological stations. Irrigation water quality is not optimal in the Gaza Strip, chemical analysis of irrigation wells indicate high salinity and SAR ratio. The obtained results from the model could be a good management tool for the planners and decision makers to minimize the overexploitation of the groundwater and to build fair and strict regulations to optimize the water use in agricultural sector in the Gaza Strip which characterized by semi-arid region.

Modified strip saturated models for two equal collinear cracks with coalesced zones in piezoelectric media

Two equal collinear cracks with coalesced interior electric saturation zones are analytically studied for two-dimensional (2D) arbitrary polarized semipermeable piezo- electric media based on a modified strip saturated model. The strip saturated model is modified here by varying the strip saturated constant electric displacement condition to the polynomially varying electric displacement conditions. Based on the linear, quadratic, and cubic electric displacement conditions on the inner and outer saturated zones, dif- ferent modified strip saturated models are proposed and studied for two equal collinear cracks. With the Stroh formalism and the complex variable technique, these fracture problems are reduced into different types of non-homogeneous Riemann Hilbert problems in unknown generalized complex potential functions. These mathematical problems are then solved with the Riemann-Hilbert approach to obtain the stress and electric displace- ment components at any point of the domain. The explicit expressions for the outer saturated zone length, the crack opening potential (COP), the crack opening displace- ment (COD), and the local intensity factors (LIFs) are derived. A numerical study is presented for the modified strip saturated model in 2D arbitrary polarized semiperme- able PZT-4 material. The obtained results are compared with those of the strip saturated model, and the effects of the polynomially varying saturation condition on the saturated zones and the applied electrical loadings are presented.

Neural Network Friction Model for Cold Strip Rolling

A neural network friction model with very good prediction accuracy was developed on the basis of industrial data. Simulative calculation indicated that the accuracy of rolling force and motor power calculation can be improved using the calculated friction coefficient. It was found that reduction ratio and deformation resistance of strip has more effects than other parameters, and the effects of most parameters are affected by rolling speed.

MODEL SHIFT AND STRANGE ATTRACTOR ON MBIUS STRIP

A new model shift mapping was given in bilateral symbol space. It is topologically conjugate with the traditional shift mapping. Similar to Smale Horseshoe, a model was constructed correspondent to the model shift mapping, i.e., a class of mapping on Mbius strip was given. Its attractors' structure and dynamical behaviour were described.

A unified computational model for surface texturing process of strip casting rollers

A new unified computational method is proposed for modeling the relationship between the parameters of the high-speed particle-impact texturing process and the final surface morphology of the casting roller. The whole surface-texturing process is divided into three parts. The first part is the acceleration process of particles inside and outside the nozzle,which can be analyzed using the computational fluid dynamics method to obtain the particle impact velocities. The second part is a simulation of the bombardment process of particles onto the roller surface using the LS-DYNA software as the analysis tool and the results obtained in the first part as input parameters. The last part is the continuously random impact process of particles on the casting roller surface to form a functional surface,which is characterized by a simplified roughness model. Finally,the above three parts are combined to establish a unified computational model,the performance of which is successfully verified in a series of experiments.

A Novel Modeling, Simulation and Optimization Approach of Crude Oil Cold Stripping Process

Cold stripping is the most common process for crude oil sweetening in oilfields particularly at offshore installations because of its low price and relatively easy operating conditions in comparison with other sweetening processes. In this paper the cold stripping process in tray column has been modeled mathematically in static and dynamic modes, and solved with the MATLAB software. This process has been used in the existing treatment facilities of an offshore oil production complex for verifying the model results. With the help of HYSYS software the effective parameters on the process have been discussed and the optimized conditions finalized after some plant modifications for improving the performance of stripper columns have been proposed.

Two-dimensional Model of the Microstructural Evolution in Hot-strip Rolling Processes of C-Mn Steels by Computer Simulations

In the present paper,the two-dimensional comprehensive model,which integrates the temperature model developed by the authors using finite difference methods and microstructural evolution model,has been developed.By using different microstructural evolution equations developed by Sellars,Senuma et al.and Easka et al.,the comparison studies have been made,which present that (1) the calculated γ-grain sizes show good agreements with the measured;(2) these equations show consistencies at the end of finishing stands.

Validation of the Suitability of Stripped Lipid as a Skin Model in Plasma Medical Investigations

In this work, the suitability of lipid stripping as an alternative model of stratum corneum for plasma medical studies was investigated. Plasma treatment experiments were performed on samples prepared by the cyanoacrylat stripping method. Therefore, two different dielectric barrier discharge-based plasma sources driven by high-voltage pulses in the microsecond and nanosecond range were applied. The lipid sample heating, change in pH-value, and the interaction with plasma-induced UV-radiation are presented and discussed with respect to existing findings on skin samples. After the plasma treatment, the lipid stripping shows similar changes compared to human skin relating to sample heating and pH-value. The investigation of the interplay with UV- radiation shows a high absorption in the wavelength range of 250 nm up to 400 nm. Further, the thickness, surface structure, and composition of lipid stripping samples were determined. The stripped sample shows a thickness of 3 ± 1 μm whereby approximately 30% of the sample surface is covered by lipids. In addition, it was shown that there are no changes in structure caused by the sample preparation. Based on the results of this work, it can be stated that lipid stripping represents an appropriate skin model for plasma medical investigations.

钢带嵌缝加固砌体结构抗剪性能试验研究

为提高砌体结构抗剪强度,同时保留原有风貌,采用“弓”字型钢带或钢筋对砌体试件进行嵌齿缝加固。利用数字图像相关方法对加固后的砌体结构进行沿通缝截面抗剪强度试验研究,并建立砌体抗剪试件有限元模型,分析钢带宽度对砌体抗剪强度的影响。结果表明:嵌入钢筋或钢带,均能够有效限制层间分离,提高砌体完整性,破坏模式由单剪破坏转化为双剪破坏。承载能力大幅提高,单面钢带、双面钢带、双面钢筋加固的试件极限荷载分别提高了23.63%,61.18%,35.02%,极限荷载对应位移提高了16.38%,23.41%,16.95%。钢带或钢筋的拉结作用可以提高砌体结构的延性,改善砌体结构脆性破坏的特征。

基于界面相互作用的黏附接触数学模型研究进展

黏附接触现象在各个领域都有着很重要的作用和影响。若要分析物体间的黏附接触行为,则建立相应的数学模型是有效的方法之一。现有文献中的数学模型种类繁多,对于不同受力情况下的黏附现象所适用的理论也不尽相同。针对常见的黏附现象,按照其不同的受力形式分为弹性体接触、粗糙表面黏附及基材表面剥离等几大类,分别对以上几类接触行为采用的理论模型及其应用进行了归纳分析整理。综合叙述了基于计算机模拟技术的现代仿真模型的基本原理、应用和发展,重点介绍了适用于一般物体之间黏附行为分析的通用模型,以期为黏附接触领域的研究和建模提供指导和参考。对于弹性体接触的情况,重点介绍了经典力学接触理论的基本公式和适用类型,包括Hertz接触理论、JKR模型和DMT模型等,并依据Tabor数讨论了JKR模型与DMT模型的差异。对于粗糙表面的黏附接触,重点介绍了Greenwood和Williamson(GW模型)所提出的多凸起模型的基本理论和局限性。对于材料的表面剥离情况,重点介绍了剥离力学中应用最广泛的Kendall剥离模型的基本理论。对于现代仿真技术手段,重点介绍了分子动力学模型(MD模型)和有限元模型(FEM)的基本思想和优缺点。之后分别对以上各类模型的拓展完善、应用领域及研究进展进行了归纳总结,最后对黏附接触领域数学模型的发展方向进行了展望。

基于条形卷积和上下文感知的近海水产养殖提取方法

利用中等分辨率遥感影像,针对近海养殖区边界模糊、筏式和网箱养殖存在类间干扰等现象,以ResUnet模型为基础,提出一种带有条形卷积模块和上下文感知单元的MSUResUnet模型,以提高模型的特征提取能力,改善近海水产养殖提取任务中出现的漏提和粘连等问题.模型中利用条形池化模块增强编码层与解码层信息的交互,引入条形卷积模块增强对水产养殖线性特征的捕捉能力,通过增加上下文感知单元获取水产养殖区丰富的多尺度上下文信息.在Sentinel-2 MSI数据上的实验结果表明,参与比对的6个模型中,MSUResUnet模型精度最优,其Kappa系数、 MIoU、 OA和F1分数分别达到了89.17%、 84.33%、 96.38%和91.19%;MSUResUnet在养殖较密集的兴化湾、三沙湾和罗源湾附近海域均获得较高精度,具有较强的特征提取和抗干扰能力,能够满足高精度的大范围中等分辨率影像近海水产养殖信息提取需求.

小比尺条形基础承载力模型试验的尺寸效应研究

开展小比尺模型试验是土力学承载力研究中的重要方法,但小比尺模型的尺寸效应会影响试验的定量结果,导致小比尺试验一般仅能用于定性研究。在饱和砂土地基中开展了20组条形基础承载力的小比尺模型试验,通过改变基础尺寸、埋深以及砂土的密实度研究承载力的变化,进而引入离散元分析方法,采用抗转动模型模拟砂土颗粒的力学行为,对条形基础承载力试验进行模拟,从微观角度揭示小比尺模型试验尺寸效应的来源和对宏观承载力的影响规律。研究结果表明,饱和砂土地基密实度与基础埋深越大,小比尺实试验的尺寸效应越明显,尺寸效应的产生是应力水平变化、破坏模式改变以及渐进破坏程度综合作用的结果。