Otorhinolaryngological (ORL) and Cervicofacial Injuries Resulting from Road Accidents within the Otorhinolaryngology (ORL) Department of the Regional Hospital of Mamou

Introduction: Otorhinolaryngological (ORL) and cervicofacial traumas encompass injuries affecting the neck, face, and ORL region, resulting from external influence. The objective of this study was to conduct an epidemiological and clinical analysis of ORL and cervicofacial injuries observed in victims of road accidents treated at the Otorhinolaryngology (ORL) department of the Regional Hospital of Mamou. Materials and Methods: This prospective and descriptive study was conducted over a period of 12 months, from January 1st to December 31st, 2021, within the Otorhinolaryngology (ORL) department of the Regional Hospital of Mamou. It included patients hospitalized for ORL and/or cervicofacial traumas resulting from road accidents during the study period. Results: A total of 348 cases were included, representing 36.22% of all traumas related to road accidents (AVP) within the Regional Hospital of Mamou. The average age of the patients was 26.44 years, with a sex ratio of 3.83, favoring males. The dominant socio-professional category was students, encompassing 32.47% of cases. Road accidents were mainly associated with motorcycle use (31.32% motorcycle-to-motorcycle, 24.43% motorcycle skidding, 13.51% motorcycle-pedestrian). Facial region injuries were the most common, accounting for 69.03% of cases, followed by rhinological injuries (17.28%) and otological injuries (13.69%). Associated injuries were predominantly closed head traumas (52.55%) and lower limb fractures (20.41%). Imaging was underutilized. Regarding surgical interventions, reconstructive surgery was the most predominant, accounting for 52.51% of cases, with a management timeframe of 30 minutes to 12 hours for 99.72% of patients. Conclusion: Road traffic accidents remain a serious public health issue, primarily affecting young males. Emphasis should be placed on road safety measures to reduce the frequency of these accidents.

Dynamic changes in physicochemical property,biogenic amines content and microbial diversity during the fermentation of Sanchuan ham

Sanchuan ham is appreciated in Yunnan Province,China,for its characteristic flavor and taste,while the microbial community structure and biogenic amines content remain unclear during fermentation processes.In this study,we explored the physicochemical property,biogenic amines concentration and microbial diversity of external and internal Sanchuan ham by high-throughput sequencing during the processing of Sanchuan ham.Results showed that the nitrite remained at a stable level of 0.15 mg/kg which was significantly lower than the national health standard safety level of 20 mg/kg.In addition,compared with fresh hams,the content of total free amino acids in ripe Sanchuan ham has grown 14 folds;sour and bitter were the main tastes of Sanchuan ham.Notably,the concentration of cadaverine was the highest of all biogenic amines during the entire fermentation period.At the bacterial phyla level,Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were the two main phyla,while at the genus level,Staphylococcus was a significant strain throughout the whole fermentation.Moreover,the dry stage has a great impact on the succession change of microbial community structure.Simultaneously,the change trends and composition of bacteria in the interior have slight discrepancies with those of the exterior of Sanchuan ham.

Commentary on“Synchronized activity of sensory neurons initiates cortical synchrony in a model of neuropathic pain”

In pat i e nt s,a s well as in animal mod e l s,hypersensitivity to external stimuli(hyperalgesia and allodynia)or spontaneous pain is often the first,and the most disabling,symptom of neuropathy(Davis et al.,2020).The increased activity of sensitive neurons drives pain development,making ion channel modulation a fundamental target for current pharmacotherapy as well as one of the most investigated by the R&D departments of pharmaceutical companies(Bennett et al.,2019).

Overview of the Development of the Soybean Industry in the United States,Brazil and Argentina and Its Lessons for the Development of the Soybean Industry in China

Since the 1950s,China has gradually moved away from complete self-sufficiency in terms of soybeans to a high dependence on imports,and its annual import of soybeans accounts for about 60%of the global soybean trade.Brazil,the United States and Argentina have seen rapid growth in the soybean industry in just a few decades,and now account for about 80%of the world’s annual production.On the whole,in addition to the unique resource endowment and the continuous expansion of international market demand,the strong support of the U.S.government.

Evaluation of the Quality of Life of Patients Suffering from Chronic Rhinosinusitis in a Hospital Setting in Kinshasa

Background and objective: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), a common disease worldwide, has a major impact on patients’ quality of life (QoL). In recent years, the measurement of health-related QoL has made it possible to assess the patient’s state of health, the severity of the CRS and the treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the QoL of patients with CRS in a hospital setting in Kinshasa. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical study conducted from June 2020 to May 2021 in the ENT service of the Kinshasa University Hospital and the Monkole Hospital Center. The study involved 113 patients aged at least 18 years, whose QOL was compared with that of a control group consisting of 100 non-patients. QOL was assessed using the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) Questionnaire. Results: The mean age of the patients was 41.0 years (18 - 74 years) and that of the controls was 39.1 years (19 - 77 years). More than half of the participants were university graduates. The median SNOT-22 score was 44 (14 - 78) in patients and 7 (1 - 40) in controls. Compared with subjects without CRS, patients with CRS had significantly higher scores in all four domains of the SNOT-22. Around 9 out of 10 patients had a severely impaired QoL compared with 2 out of 10 controls. Considering mildly impaired QoL, we found that in the otological and sleep domains, scores were not significantly different between patients and controls. In the case of severely impaired QoL, however, only the otological domain showed a non-significant difference in scores between the two groups. Conclusion: CRS is a real public health problem in our environment and significantly alters the QoL of patients suffering from it, with repercussions on their professional productivity;hence the need for better management.

External Otitis: Epidemiological, Clinical, Etiological, and Therapeutic Aspects at the Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Department of Mamou Regional Hospital

Introduction: External otitis (OE) is an acute or chronic inflammation or infection of the external ear resulting from an imbalance in the external auditory canal secondary to microtrauma, maceration, eczema, or a foreign body in the external auditory canal. Objective: To study cases of external otitis at the Mamou Regional Hospital. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective descriptive study conducted over a period of six (6) months from July 1st to December 31st, 2016. It included all patients admitted to the ENT department of the Mamou Regional Hospital. Results: During the study period, 712 patients were admitted to the department for various pathologies, of which 103 met our selection criteria, representing a frequency of 14.46%. The mean age of the patients was 33.74 years with a range of 1 to 90 years. Males predominated in the sample, accounting for 59.22%. The vast majority of patients resided in urban areas, constituting 61.17% of the sample. In our study, all patients consulted for otalgia (100%), and over half (53.39%) for hypoacusis. We formally identified rhinitis in 66.66% of cases, while diabetes was found in only 4 patients (11.11%). Otomycosis was the most commonly identified condition (53.39%), followed by furuncles (33.98%). Ear drops containing antibiotics were administered to all patients, although 66.60% received antibiotic therapy. Conclusion: External otitis is a relatively common condition, particularly among children and the elderly. Diagnosis can be made based on pain upon traction of the pinna and pressure on the tragus.

Infectious ENT Emergencies: A One-Year Experience at the ENT Department of Mamou Regional Hospital

Introduction: ENT infectious emergencies encompass all infectious pathologies affecting the ear, nose, sinuses, throat, and neck. A good understanding of these emergencies is essential for organizing appropriate care. In Guinea, few studies have described ENT infectious pathologies in rural areas. Objective: To study ENT infectious emergencies in the Otorhinolaryngology department of the Mamou Regional Hospital. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective and prospective descriptive study, conducted from August 1, 2021, to July 31, 2022. All patients admitted to the ENT department of the Mamou Regional Hospital for an infectious emergency were included. Results: Among the 1854 recorded consultations, 261 cases involved ENT infectious emergencies, representing a prevalence of 14.07%. The most represented age group was 0 to 10 years (31.03%), with a majority of female patients (59%) and a predominantly urban origin (81.61%). Students accounted for 32.18% of the cases. The main reasons for consultation were odynophagia/dysphagia (32.42%) and otalgia (22.94%). The primary etiologies were tonsillitis (28.73%) and otitis (27.20%). Treatments administered included probabilistic antibiotic therapy (38.80%), analgesics (32.03%), and corticosteroid therapy (10.47%). The outcome was favorable in 98.85% of cases, with only 0.38% lost to follow-up. Conclusion: The results of our study confirm the frequency of ENT infectious pathologies. Their management requires joint actions for population awareness, staff training, and services equipment, particularly in rural areas.

基于MaxEnt模型预测伯乐树生境适宜性评价

该研究旨在预测伯乐树的适宜分布区并识别主导其分布的环境变量,为保护伯乐树资源提供理论依据。该研究使用ENMTools筛选出126个伯乐树分布点数据。应用MaxEnt模型,模拟4种环境变量组合,气候变量,气候和土壤变量,气候、土壤和紫外变量及气候、土壤、紫外和地形综合变量。通过比较这4种模型的准确性和可靠性,探讨影响伯乐树分布的主要环境变量。基于4组环境变量的MaxEnt模型,AUC值训练集分别为0.973±0.001、0.973±0.001、0.975±0.001、0.977±0.001。结果表明,4类综合环境变量模拟模型最为稳定和可靠。伯乐树地理分布主要由气候(日温度平均范围、最干季度平均温度、最干月降水量)、土壤(基本饱和度、土壤有效水含量)、紫外(紫外线的季节性变化、紫外线最弱月份平均辐射量)、地形(高程)等4类综合环境变量影响。伯乐树的地理分布格局受多种环境因素的综合影响。4类环境变量模拟的结果更准确地反映了伯乐树的适宜分布区。该研究可为伯乐树遗传资源收集和种质资源保护提供重要的数据支持。

Stonehenge:A mysterious monument

Activity 1.Think about the following questions and write down your answers before reading the text.1.How do you feel when thinking about ancient monuments?2.Why do you think Stonehenge continues to fascinate people today?

Detection of Low-Risk and High-Risk Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus in Archived Tissues from ENT Tumors in Burkina Faso

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is classified into high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) and HPV (LR-HPV) according to their oncogenic potential. These viruses can be found in the cervix, vagina, vulva, anus and in the ENT sphere. HPV ENT infections can lead to benign or malignant tumors in which we could find both LR-HPV and HR-HPV genotypes. The objective of this study was to investigate the genotypes of HR-HPV and LR-HPV in archived tissue samples derived from both benign and malignant tumors of the ear, nose, and throat (ENT) in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. One hundred and twenty formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archived tissues of the ENT sphere from 26 benign tumors and 94 malignant tumors were included. The tissues were first deparaffinized with xylem. The extracted DNA was used to test for high-risk and low-risk HPV by Real-Time Multiplex PCR. HPV DNA was found in 57.7% (15/26) of benign tumors and 43.61% (41/94) of malignant tumors. The prevalence of HPV infection was 46.67% (56/120) in all tumors combined. The most common HPV genotypes found were HPV 11 (34.28%), HPV 6 (30%), HPV56 (14.28%) and HPV 33 (8.57%). There were 21.43% (12/56) cases of genotypes co-infections with 10 cases of double infection and 2 cases of triple infection. Both low-risk and high-risk HPV are found in ENT tumors with relatively high HPV prevalence.

Characteristics of Ent Foreign Bodies in a Hospital at Cotonou, Benin

Introduction: Foreign bodies (FB) can constitute a life-threatening emergency by their nature or their location. The objective of this study was to describe the socio-demographic, diagnostic and therapeutic characteristics of FB in the ENT department of CHUZ-Suru Léré in Cotonou. Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study, with retrospective data collection spanning a period of ten (10) years from January 1st, 2013 to December 31st, 2022. Patients of all ages seen in consultations in the ENT and CCF department of the CHUZ-Suru Léré during the study period and meeting the inclusion criteria were taken into account. Results: During the study period, 1810 cases of FB were collected among the 13,947 consultations, i.e. a hospital frequency of 12.98%. The age of the patients varied from 19 days to 94 years with a predominance of children under 10 years (60.2%). The sex ratio (male/female) was 1.13. The duration between the onset of FB and the medical consultation was greater than 72 hours in 88.49% of cases. The circumstances of occurrence of FB were unknown in 86.34% of cases. The external acoustic meatus was the most common location (90.22%). The nature of FB was inorganic in 86.80% of cases dominated by earwax plugs (77.90%), and organic FB in 7.96% of cases dominated by cotton (3.98%). All FB were extracted by the route of introduction except one case. The extraction was performed most often in the consultation chair (97.07% of cases). The evolution was generally favorable (99.94%). Conclusion: ENT foreign bodies are a frequent reason for consultation and mainly affect male children. They are usually inorganic. Evolution is generally favorable after extraction. Prevention remains the best solution.

Realization of Fully Differential Fourth-Order Bessel Filter with Accurate Group Delay

A fully differential R-MOSFET-C fourth-order Bessel active lowpass filter employing fully differential operational amplifier,passive resistors,and current-steering MOS transistors as a variable resistor is proposed.This proposed implementation relies on the tunability of current-steering MOS transistors operating in the triode region counteracting the concert deviation of resistor in the integrated circuit manufacturing technology in orde r that the group delay of Bessel active filter could be designed accurately.The amplifier is not only with voltage common-mode negative feedback,but also with current common-mode negative feedback,which will benefit for the stability of its D C operating point.0.75μs group delay fourth-order Bessel lowpass filter,whic h is synthesized according to passive doubly terminated RLC prototype lowpass filter,demonstrates better than -65dB THD using 100kHz,2.5V pp signal in Taiwan UMC 2P2M(2-poly,2-metal)5.0V,0.5μm CMOS technology.

FGOALS-s2 Simulation of Upper-level Jet Streams over East Asia: Mean State Bias and Synoptic-scale Transient Eddy Activity

Upper-level jet streams over East Asia simulated by the LASG/IAP coupled climate system model FGOALS-s2 were assessed, and the mean state bias explained in terms of synoptic-scale transient eddy activ- ity （STEA）. The results showed that the spatial distribution of the seasonal mean jet stream was reproduced well by the model, except that following a weaker meridional temperature gradient （MTG）, the intensity of the jet stream was weaker than in National Centers for Environment Prediction （NCEP）/Department of Energy Atmospheric Model Inter-comparison Project II reanalysis data （NCEP2）. Based on daily mean data, the jet core number was counted to identify the geographical border between the East Asian Sub- tropical Jet （EASJ） and the East Asian Polar-front Jet （EAPJ）. The border is located over the Tibetan Plateau according to NCEP2 data, but was not evident in FGOALS-s2 simulations. The seasonal cycles of the jet streams were found to be reasonably reproduced, except that they shifted northward relative to reanalysis data in boreal summer owing to the northward shift of negative MTGs. To identify the reasons for mean state bias, the dynamical and thermal forcings of STEA on mean flow were examined with a focus on boreal winter. The dynamical and thermal forcings were estimated by extended Eliassen-Palm flux （E） and transient heat flux, respectively. The results showed that the failure to reproduce the tripolar-pattern of the divergence of E over the jet regions led to an unsuccessful separation of the EASJ and EAPJ, while dynamical forcing contributed less to the weaker EASJ. In contrast, the weaker transient heat flux partly explained the weaker EASJ over the ocean.

基于MaxEnt分析金钱松适生的生物气候特征

【目的】利用Max Ent模型分析金钱松适生的生物气候特征,为金钱松林业生产提供科学依据。【方法】从我国4个标本馆获取金钱松43个标本记录数据,并从World Clim网站下载1950—2000年生物气候数据,用最大熵模型（Max Ent）模拟金钱松的地理分布,检测其生物气候主导因子及其适宜值。【结果】金钱松最适宜（分布值为0.73~1.0）分布的地区是湖南东部、湖北东南部、江西的东北部、安徽的南部、浙江西北部和其东部沿海地区,其余具分布值0.37~0.73的区域是以上这些高分布值区域的向外连续延伸。刀切法检测表明：冷季均温、干季均温、暖季降雨量对金钱松的分布影响较大,其中冷季均温适宜值为1.15~8.1℃,最适值为4.62℃;干季均温适宜值为2.7~11.9℃,最适值为7.3℃;暖季降雨量适宜值为45.6~734.4 mm,最适值为546.9 mm。【结论】Max Ent模拟可信度较高,精确反映出金钱松的地理分布范围,并阐明主导其分布的3个生物气候因子,揭示金钱松在地理分布上所需的定量生物气候条件。

基于GARP和MaxEnt的云杉矮槲寄生分布区的预测

云杉矮槲寄生(Arceuthobium sichuanense)是一种寄生性种子植物,主要寄生于云杉属植物,近年来对我国"三江源"地区的云杉天然林和次生林造成严重危害。本研究利用GARP和MaxEnt生态位模型,基于已报道的云杉矮槲寄生分布点的数据,对其在中国的分布区进行了预测和分析,并采用ROC曲线对预测结果进行检验和评价。结果表明:GARP模型预测的分布范围较广,MaxEnt内部层次更细致,为得到最佳结果,将2个模型的预测结果赋予一定的权重(4∶1)从而获得最佳结果;ROC曲线评价结果表明,GARP-MaxEnt模型的AUC值为0.937,达到了极高的精度。通过该模型预测可见,云杉矮槲寄生在中国的适生区主要集中在青海、甘肃、四川和西藏地区,其中青海、甘肃、四川交界区域为云杉矮槲寄生的极度适宜分布区。本研究结果有利于全面了解云杉矮槲寄生的分布范围,对云杉矮槲寄生害的调查与监测以及制定科学防治策略具有重要的理论指导意义。

ent-贝壳杉烷型二萜化合物的细胞毒活性研究进展

详细地概述了各类天然与合成的ent-贝壳杉烷二萜化合物的细胞毒活性研究进展,总结和讨论了这类化合物的构效关系、作用机制以及对多种人癌细胞系的选择性,评述了这类化合物作为抗肿瘤药物的开发潜力,提出了目前存在的问题与不足,并对其发展前景和研究方向做出了预测和展望.

ent-贝壳杉烯类化合物的合成及其抗肿瘤活性

目的:以甜菊苷为原料合成ent-贝壳杉烯类目标化合物。方法:构造了以exo-亚甲基环戊酮为特征的药效基团结构,同时对C-4位的羧基进行了修饰,以改善目标化合物的活性,并通过MTT法检测目标化合物的体外抗肿瘤活性。结果和结论:合成的13个ent-贝壳杉烯类目标化合物结构经1HNMR、ESI-MS和FT-IR确认。MTT法显示部分目标化合物对肿瘤细胞BEL-7402,HO-8910,MCF-7和HL-60有较好的抑制活性。

计算机辅助耳鼻喉科(ENT)手术中的组合配准方法

本文提出了在计算机辅助手术中基于解剖结构的组合式配准新方法。该方法将手术前病人皮肤和骨骼表面的三维模型与手术中来自三维定位器的采集数据 ,依据各自的特性进行最优匹配 ,并在耳鼻喉科 (ENT)手术中得到了精确可靠的结果。在新鲜尸体样本上的实验表明 ,新的配准算法可应用于医学临床试验。同时对三维光学定位器的精度进行了测试 。

基于Agent的软件重用

软件重用是目前提高软件质量和开发效率、降低软件开发成本的一种重要手段。本文分析了当前软件重用的特点 ,针对其不足以及目前软件开发的状况提出了动态软件重用的思想。这一思想的一个重要特征是由可重用软部件完成软件重用活动。为了实现动态软件重用的思想 ,我们进一步提出了基于 Agent的软件重用方法 ,分析了该方法在实现动态软件重用中的有效性和面临的问题以及解决问题的技术途径。

基于MaxEnt模型的四川小寨子沟国家级自然保护区大熊猫化学通讯位点适宜性评价

为揭示影响野生大熊猫Ailuropoda melanoleuca化学通讯位点选择的生态因素,于2016年3月和10月在四川小寨子沟国家级自然保护区,利用样线法对大熊猫化学通讯位点的适宜性进行了初步研究。调查共发现大熊猫化学通讯位点33个,基于这些位点和海拔、坡度、竹林分布等10个环境变量,使用最大熵(Max Ent)模型对该区域大熊猫化学通讯位点适宜性进行综合评价。结果表明:竹林分布(56.90%)和距山脊距离(29.90%)2个环境变量的累积贡献率达86.80%,是影响该区域大熊猫化学通讯位点的主要生态因子。依据Max Ent模型最大约登指数,将结果分为适宜和不适宜2种类型,其中,适宜面积为15 187.50 hm^2,占研究区域面积的34.22%,主要位于保护区中部、保护区南北部分别与宝顶沟和白河自然保护区交界区域;不适宜面积为29 197.20 hm^2,占65.78%。在人力、物力有限的情况下,本研究为保护区合理安排保护行动的时段和区域、提升大熊猫的保护成效提供了数据支撑,对进一步推动野生大熊猫保护实践具有一定意义。