Entanglement concentration for an arbitrary hybrid less-entangled state and W state using quantum dots and a microcavity coupled system

We propose a practical entanglement concentration protocol （ECP） for a hybrid entangled state using quantum dots and a microcavity coupled system. A hybrid less-entangled state can he concentrated to a most-entangled state with a certain probability using only one ancillary single photon. Moreover, using this protocol, we can also concentrate an arbitrary three-particle less-entangled W state using two ancillary photons and classical communication. The proposed protocols provide us with a useful method to concentrate less-entangled states, which can he implemented with current technology.

Generation of Entanglement for Coherent Excitonic States in Coupled Quantum Dots in a Microcavity

We investigate the generation of entanglement of coherent excitonic states in coupled quantum dots placedin a cavity by meaning of the state preparation fidelity [Nature (London) 404 (2002) 256;Phys.Rev.A 65 (2002) 012107;J.Uffink,Phys.Rev.Lett.88 (2002) 230406.] The effect of the number of exeitons and the coherent intensity |α| of thecavity field on the entanglement is also studied.

Protected simultaneous quantum remote state preparation scheme by weak and reversal measurements in noisy environments

We discuss a quantum remote state preparation protocol by which two parties, Alice and Candy, prepare a single-qubit and a two-qubit state, respectively, at the site of the receiver Bob. The single-qubit state is known to Alice while the two-qubit state which is a non-maximally entangled Bell state is known to Candy. The three parties are connected through a single entangled state which acts as a quantum channel. We first describe the protocol in the ideal case when the entangled channel under use is in a pure state. After that, we consider the effect of amplitude damping(AD) noise on the quantum channel and describe the protocol executed through the noisy channel. The decrement of the fidelity is shown to occur with the increment in the noise parameter. This is shown by numerical computation in specific examples of the states to be created. Finally, we show that it is possible to maintain the label of fidelity to some extent and hence to decrease the effect of noise by the application of weak and reversal measurements. We also present a scheme for the generation of the five-qubit entangled resource which we require as a quantum channel. The generation scheme is run on the IBMQ platform.

Classical Communication and Entanglement Cost in Preparing a Class of Multi-qubit States

<Abstract>Recently,several similarprotocols [J.Opt.B 4 (2002) 380;Phys.Lett.A 316 (2003) 159;Phys.Lett.A 355 (2006) 285;Phys.Lett.A 336 (2005) 317] for remotely preparing a class of multi-qubit states (i.e,α|O...O〉 + β|1...1〉) were proposed,respectively.In this paper,by applying the controlled-not (CNOT) gate,a new simple protocol is proposed for remotely preparing such class of states.Compared to the previous protocols,both classical communication cost and required quantum entanglement in our protocol are remarkably reduced.Moreover,the difficulty of identifying some quantum states in our protocol is also degraded.Hence our protocol is more economical and feasible.

Entanglement in Ising Chain with Inhomogeneous Magnetic Field

We have numerically calculated the thermal entanglement of a two-qubit system at low temperatures in a isotropic Ising chain under an inhomogeneous magnetic field. It is shown that in the homogeneous magnetic field, the two- qubit system has entangled states. It is concluded that the presence of the inhomogeneity in the magnetic field plays an effective role on the entangled states. Finally, it is suggested that the inhomogeneity in the magnetic field can be used to create two separated entangled formations in a two-qubit system.

Quantum entanglement and quantum operation

It is a simple introduction to quantum entanglement and quantum operations.The authors focus on some applications of quantum entanglement and relations between two-qubit entangled states and unitary operations.It includes remote state preparation by using any pure entangled states,nonlocal operation implementation using entangled states,entanglement capacity of two-qubit gates and two-qubit gates construction.

Controlled remote preparation of an arbitrary four-qubit cluster-type state

Two schemes are proposed to realize the controlled remote preparation of an arbitrary four-qubit cluster-type state via a partially entangled channel. We construct ingenious measurement bases at the sender’s and the controller’s locations, which play a decisive role in the proposed schemes. The success probabilities can reach 50% and 100%, respectively. Compared with the previous proposals, the success probabilities are independent of the coefficients of the entangled channel.

Controllable preparation of two-mode entangled coherent states in circuit QED

Although the multi-level structure of superconducting qubits may result in calculation errors, it can be rationally used to effectively improve the speed of gate operations. Utilizing a current-biased Josephson junction （A-type rf-SQUID） as a tunable coupler for superconducting transmission line resonators （TLRs）, under the large detuning condition, we demonstrate the controllable generation of entangled coherent states in circuit quantum electrodynamics （circuit QED）. The coupling between the TLRs and the qubit can be effectively regulated by an external bias current or coupling capacitor. Further investigations indicate that the maximum entangled state can be obtained through measuring the excited state of the superconducting qubits. Then, the influence of the TLR [tecay on the prepared entangled states is analyzed.

Remote preparation of a Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state via a two-particle entangled state

We present two schemes for realizing the remote preparation of a Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger （GHZ） state. The first scheme is to remotely prepare a general N-particle GHZ state with two steps. One is to prepare a qubit state by using finite classical bits from sender to receiver via a two-particle entangled state, and the other is that the receiver introduces N - 1 additional particles and performs N - 1 controlled-not （C-Not） operations. The second scheme is to remotely prepare an N-atom GHZ state via a two-atom entangled state in cavity quantum electrodynamics （QED）. The two schemes require only a two-particle entangled state used as a quantum channel, so we reduce the requirement for entanglement.

Deterministic joint remote state preparation of arbitrary single- and two-qubit states

In this paper, two novel schemes for deterministic joint remote state preparation（JRSP） of arbitrary single- and twoqubit states are proposed. A set of ingenious four-particle partially entangled states are constructed to serve as the quantum channels. In our schemes, two senders and one receiver are involved. Participants collaborate with each other and perform projective measurements on their own particles under an elaborate measurement basis. Based on their measurement results,the receiver can reestablish the target state by means of appropriate local unitary operations deterministically. Unit success probability can be achieved independent of the channel＇s entanglement degree.

Quantum multicast schemes of different quantum states via non-maximally entangled channels with multiparty involvement

Due to the unavoidable interaction between the quantum channel and its ambient environment,it is difficult to generate and maintain the maximally entanglement.Thus,the research on multiparty information transmission via non-maximally entangled channels is of academic value and general application.Here,we utilize the non-maximally entangled channels to implement two multiparty remote state preparation schemes for transmitting different quantum information from one sender to two receivers synchronously.The first scheme is adopted to transmit two different four-qubit cluster-type entangled states to two receivers with a certain probability.In order to improve success probabilities of such multicast remote state preparation using non-maximally entangled channels,we put forward the second scheme,which deals with the situation that is a synchronous transfer of an arbitrary single-qubit state and an arbitrary two-qubit state from one sender to two receivers.In particular,its success probability can reach 100%in principle,and independent of the entanglement degree of the shared non-maximally entangled channel.Notably,in the second scheme,the auxiliary particle is not required.

Deterministic hierarchical joint remote state preparation with six-particle partially entangled state

In this paper, we present a novel scheme for hierarchical joint remote state preparation（HJRSP） in a deterministic manner, where two senders can jointly and remotely prepare an arbitrary single-qubit at three receivers＇ port. A six-particle partially entangled state is pre-shared as the quantum channel. There is a hierarchy among the receivers concerning their powers to reconstruct the target state. Due to various unitary operations and projective measurements, the unit success probability can always be achieved irrespective of the parameters of the pre-shared partially entangled state.

Voltage-Controlled Quantum Dynamics and Generation Entanglement between Two Separated Quantum-Dot Molecules Embedded in Photonic Crystal Cavities

Voltage-controlled quantum dynamics of two quantum-dot molecules(QDMs) embedded in two separated photonic crystal cavities are theoretically investigated. We show numerically that generation of entangled states and population transfer between the two QDMs can be realized with the same coupling parameters. The effects of parameters deviation and dissipations on generation entangled states and populations transfer are also discussed. The results may be used for realization of new-type of solid state quantum devices and integrated electro-optical devices.

A Coding and Automatic Error-Correction Circuit Based on the Five-Particle Entangled State

In this paper, we discuss the concepts of quantum coding and error correction for a five-particle entangled state. Error correction can correct bit-reverse or phase-flip errors of one and two quantum states and is no longer limited to only one quantum state. We encode a single quantum state into a five-particle entangled state before being transferred to the sender. We designed an automatic error-correction circuit to correct errors caused by noise. We also simplify the design process for a multiple quantum error-correction circuit. We compare error-correction schemes for five and three entangled particles in terms of efficiency and capabilities. The results show that error-correction efficiency and fidelity are im- proved.

基于腔QED制备四粒子supersinglets

在双光子跃迁下,本文基于腔量子电动力学(QED)系统提出了一种制备4粒子supersinglets的方案.方案要求腔场最初处于真空态,依次与四个腔场发生共振作用的三能级原子最初处于激发态.分析和讨论了该方案的可行性以及原子-腔场的耦合常数对保真度的影响.结果表明:1)该态保真度的值随原子与腔场相互作用时间的不同而不同,选择合适的原子-腔场相互作用过程以及对原子态的探测,可获得具有最大保真度的纠缠态;2)失谐量等于零时,耦合常数越大,保真度对原子与腔场相互作用的时间越敏感.

弱测量理论对三能级量子态共享的保真度分析

量子态共享是量子密码学研究中的一个重要分支,而纠缠态分发是实现量子态共享方案的必要手段.噪声环境会导致量子纠缠态产生退相干,从而降低量子态共享方案的性能甚至出现失败的情况.基于三能级量子系统下三方量子态共享方案,研究了振幅阻尼信道在4种不同配置下量子态共享的保真度问题.为提升共享量子态的保真度,采用量子弱测量方法对振幅阻尼噪声信道中纠缠态的分发进行保护,得到在量子弱测量方法辅助下振幅阻尼信道中量子态共享的保真度.最后,以特定形式的量子态为例,分析了在4种不同配置的振幅阻尼信道中量子弱测量方法对共享量子态保真度的改善效果.通过仿真实验表明,量子弱测量方法只对振幅阻尼信道中2种不同配置下的量子态共享保真度有改善作用,而对其他2种配置下量子态共享的保真度没有明显的改善效果,甚至会产生相反的效果.

确定性固态量子光源基础材料与器件

量子光源是量子通信和光量子计算的基础模块。光子的单光子性保证了通信的无条件安全,光子的高不可分辨性保证了计算方案的复杂度。在各类固态材料候选体系中,基于半导体量子点体系的单光子源和纠缠光子源保持着量子光源品质的最高纪录,展现了巨大的潜力。分子束外延是目前最适合制备固态半导体量子点的生长方法,超高真空、超纯材料、原位监测和生长过程中参数的高度可控等特点使其优势明显。为了实现同时具备高效率、高单光子纯度、高不可分辨性和高纠缠保真度的量子光源,量子点的材料生长、外部调控、钝化技术和测量技术等都需要系统优化提升。本文将综述基于分子束外延生长实现固态量子点体系量子光源的基础材料与器件的研究进展,讨论两种常见量子点的制备原理以及外延生长中各类参数对量子点品质的影响,包括背景真空、源料纯度、衬底温度、生长速率和束流比等。本文随后简介了外部调控、表面钝化、测量技术等手段优化量子光源器件性能的技术细节和实验进展,最后对量子光源在基础科学研究和量子网络构建中取得的进展进行总结,并对其实际应用与发展前景进行展望。

Fidelity of states in infinite-dimensional quantum systems

We discuss the fidelity of states in the infinite-dimensional systems and give an elementary proof of the infinite-dimensional version of Uhlmann's theorem.This theorem is used to generalize several properties of the fidelity of the finite-dimensional case to the infinite-dimensional case.These are somewhat different from those for the finite-dimensional case.

纠缠态原子与压缩真空场Raman相互作用的量子信息保真度

利用全量子理论和数值计算方法研究了两个全同的纠缠二能级原子与压缩真空场Raman相互作用的量子信息保真度.结果表明,系统、原子和场的保真度随初始光场的压缩参数的增加而急剧减小,且与两原子体系的纠缠度和原子间偶极-偶极相互作用强度相关联.