Background:This study aimed to investigate the effects of oral administration of Enterococcus faecium NCIMB10415(E.faecium)on intestinal development,immunological parameters and gut microbiota of neonatal piglets chal...Background:This study aimed to investigate the effects of oral administration of Enterococcus faecium NCIMB10415(E.faecium)on intestinal development,immunological parameters and gut microbiota of neonatal piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88(ETEC).A total of 961-day-old sow-reared piglets were randomly assigned to 2 groups,with 48 piglets in each group.The piglets were from 16 litters(6 piglets each litter),and 3 piglets each litter were allocated to the E.faecium-supplemented(PRO)group,while the other 3 piglets were allocated to the control(CON)group.After colostrum intake,piglets in the PRO group were orally administrated with 3×10~9 CFU E.faecium per day for a period of one week.On day 8,one piglet per litter from each group was challenged(CON+ETEC,PRO+ETEC)or not(CON-ETEC,PRO-ETEC)with ETEC in a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments.On day 10(2 days after challenge),blood and tissue samples were obtained from piglets.Results:Before ETEC challenge,there were no significant differences for the average daily gain(ADG)and fecal score between the two groups of piglets.After ETEC challenge,the challenged piglets had greater fecal score compared to the non-challenged piglets,whereas E.faecium administration was able to decrease the fecal score.Piglets challenged with ETEC had shorter villous height,deeper crypt depth,and reduced number of goblet cells in the jejunum and decreased m RNA abundance of claudin-1 in the ileum,whereas increased the percentage of lymphocytes,concentrations of IL-1βin the plasma and TNF-αin the ileal mucosa,as well as increased the m RNA abundances of innate immunity-related genes in the ileum tissue.These deleterious effects caused by ETEC were partly alleviated by feeding E.faecium.In addition,piglets in PRO-ETEC group had decreased the percentage of CD8^+T cells of the peripheral blood when compared to those in CON-ETEC group.Moreover,E.faecium administration increased Verrucomicrobia at phylum level and decreased Bilophila at genus level.Conclusions:These results suggest that oral administration of E.faecium alleviated the intestinal injury and diarrhea severity of neonatal piglets challenged by ETEC,partly through improving the intestinal microbiota and immune response.This offers a potential strategy of dietary intervention against intestinal impairment by ETEC in neonatal piglets.展开更多
Background： Colibacillosis caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coil （E. coil} results in economic losses in the poultry industry. Antibiotics are usually used to control colibacillosis, however, E. coli has varyin...Background： Colibacillosis caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coil （E. coil} results in economic losses in the poultry industry. Antibiotics are usually used to control colibacillosis, however, E. coli has varying degrees of resistance to different antibiotics. Therefore the use of probiotics is becoming accepted as an alternative to antibiotics. In this study, we evaluated the effects of Clostfidium butyricum （C. butyficum） on growth performance, immune response, intestinal barrier function, and digestive enzyme activity in broiler chickens challenged with Eschefichia coli （E. coil） K88. Methods： The chickens were randomly divided into four treatment groups for 28 days. Negative control treatment （NC） consisted of birds fed a basal diet without E. coil K88 challenge and positive control treatment （PC） consisted of birds fed a basal diet and challenged with E. coil K88. C. buO/ricum probiotic treatment （CB） consisted of birds fed a diet containing 2 x 107 cfu C. buO/ricum/kg of diet and challenged with E. coil K88. Colistin sulfate antibiotic treatment （CS） consisted of birds fed a diet containing 20 mg colistin sulfate/kg of diet and challenged with E. coil K88. Results： The body weight （BW） and average day gain （ADG） in the broilers of CB group were higher （P 〈 0.05） than the broilers in the PC group overall except the ADG in the 14-21 d post-challenge. The birds in CB treatment had higher （P 〈 0.05） concentration of tumor necrosis factor-a （TNF-a） at 3 and 7 d post-challenge, and higher （P 〈 0.05） concentration of interleukin-4 （IL-4） at 14 d post-challenge than those in the PC treatment group. The concentration of serum endotoxin in CB birds was lower （P 〈 0.05） at 21 d post-challenge, and the concentrations of serum diamine oxidase in CB birds were lower （P 〈 0.05） at 14 and 21 d post-challenge than in PC birds. Birds in CB treatment group had higher （P 〈 0.05） jejunum villi height than those in PC, NC, or CS treatment at 7, 14, and 21 d post-challenge. In comparison to PC birds, the CB birds had lower （P 〈 0.05） jejunum crypt depth during the whole experiment. The birds in CB or CS treatment group had higher （P 〈 0.05） activities of amylase and protease at 3, 7, and 14 d post-challenge, and higher （P 〈 0.05） activity of lipase at 3, 7 d post-challenge than PC birds.展开更多
Background： Dietary nucleotides, considered as antibiotics alternative, were shown to have positive effects on intestinal hyperaemia, systemic immunity, small-intestinal growth, and hepatic composition in pigs. Howev...Background： Dietary nucleotides, considered as antibiotics alternative, were shown to have positive effects on intestinal hyperaemia, systemic immunity, small-intestinal growth, and hepatic composition in pigs. However, there is no previous research on nucleotide supplementation in weanling pigs under an oral challenged E. coil K88. Therefore, 2 experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary nucleotides on weanling pig growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal score, and blood profile after being orally challenged with E. coli K88. Methods： In Exp. 1, a total of 140 weanling pigs [8.33 ± 0.33 kg of body weight （BW）, 28-d old] were used in this 42-d feeding trial. Pigs were distributed into 1 of 4 treatments, 5 pigs/pen （3 barrows and 2 gilts） and 7 pens/treatment. Treatments were a control basal diet （CON） or the CON supplemented with 150 （R150）, 220 （R220）, or 275 （R275） mg/kg to give the three treatment diets. In Exp. 2, 28 weanling pigs （BW = 8.40 ± 0.22 kg, 28-d old） were distributed into 1 of 4 treatments to give 1 pig/pen and 7 pens/treatment in a 42-d feeding and challenge trial. Dietary treatments were the same as in Exp. 1. 0n d 14, all those pigs （BW= 13.3±0.15 kg, 42-d old） were orally dosed with 1.5 mL suspension containing 10 cfu/mL of E. coli K88. Twenty four hours after challenge, blood and excreta samples were collected from each pigs for analysis. Fecal scores were measured on d 7, 14, 21, and 28 of the study. Results： In Exp. 1, overall BW, average daily gain （ADG）, gain/feed （G/F） ratio, and nutrient digestibilities were lower （P 〈 0.05） in CON group compared with the nucleotides fed pigs. In Exp. 2, after challenge, IgA, IgM, and IGF-I were higher （P〈 0.05） in the nucleotide groups compared with CON. However, the nucleotide groups had lower （P 〈 0.05） cortisol and TNF-o compared with CON. Fecal E. coil counts and fecal score for the nucleotide groups were lower （P 〈 0.05） than for CON. Conclusions： In conclusion, dietary nucleotides supplementation could improve growth performance, nutrient digestibility, immune status, microbial balance, reduce diarrhea, and provide protection against enterotoxigenic E. coli K88 infection in weanling pigs.展开更多
This study evaluated the effects of micro-encapsulated(protected)organic acids(OA)and essential oils(EO)combination,P(OA+EO),and effects of a regular blend of free acids(FA)on the growth,immune responses,intestinal ba...This study evaluated the effects of micro-encapsulated(protected)organic acids(OA)and essential oils(EO)combination,P(OA+EO),and effects of a regular blend of free acids(FA)on the growth,immune responses,intestinal barrier and microbiota of weaned piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC)F4(K88^+).A total of 30 crossbred(Duroc×Landrace×Large White)weaned barrows(7.41±0.06 kg,28 d old)were assigned randomly to 5 treatments:1)non-challenged positive control(PC),2)ETEC F4(K88^+)-challenged negative control(NC),3)NC+kitasamycin at 50 mg/kg+olaquindox at 100 mg/kg+free acidifier(FA)at 5 g/kg,4)NC+kitasamycin at 50 mg/kg+olaquindox at 100 mg/kg+P(OA+EO)at 1 g/kg(P1),5)NC+kitasamycin at 50 mg/kg+olaquindox at 100 mg/kg+P(OA+EO)at 2 g/kg(P2).Each dietary treatment had 6 replicates of one piglet each and the study lasted for 3 wk.On d 7,pigs in NC,FA,P1 and P2 were orally dosed with 10 mL of ETEC F4(K88^+)culture(1×10^9 CFU/mL).From d 7 to 14 after the ETEC F4(K88^+)challenge,P1 increased gain-to-feed ratio(G:F)significantly(P<0.05)compared with NC and FA groups.From d 14 to 21,P2 increased the average daily gain of pigs(P<0.05)compared with NC and FA groups.Compared with NC,P2 reduced tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-6 and IL-10 concentrations(P<0.05)in sera collected at 4 h later after ETEC F4(K88^+)challenge.On d 21,P1 increased occludin and zonula occludens-1 protein expression in ileum compared with NC(P<0.05).After this 3-wk experiment,alpha diversity of gut microbiota was decreased by P2 compared with PC,and P1 increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in ileum,cecum and colon(P<0.05).In co nclusio n,dietary P(OA+EO)additive at 2 g/kg combined with antibiotics could improve piglet performance and attenuate inflammation,and P(OA+EO)additive at 1 g/kg combined with antibiotics improved intestinal barrier and increased beneficial microbiota composition after an F4(K88^+)challenge.展开更多
The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effects of chitosan oligosaccharide(COS) and a microencapsulated Enterococcus faecalis CG1.0007 probiotic(PRO) on growth performance and diarrhea incidences in ent...The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effects of chitosan oligosaccharide(COS) and a microencapsulated Enterococcus faecalis CG1.0007 probiotic(PRO) on growth performance and diarrhea incidences in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC) K88^+ challenged piglets in a 14-d study. Thirty piglets,7.19 ± 0.52 kg initial BW weaned at 21 ± 1 d.were allotted to 5 treatment groups(n = 6)consisting of a corn-soybean meal diet with no additive(negative control, NC), NC + 0.25% chlortetracycline(positive control, PC), NC + 400 mg/kg COS(COS), NC + 100 mg/kg PRO(PRO) and NC + a combination of COS and PRO(CPRO). Pigs were individually housed in cages, acclimated to treatments for a 7-d period and had ad libitum access to feed and water throughout the study, On d 8, pigs were weighed, blood samples were collected, and then orally challenged with 6 mL(1 ×10^(11) cfu/mL) of freshly grown ETEC inoculum. During post-challenge period, blood was sampled at 24 and 48 h to determine plasma urea nitrogen(PUN), and diarrhea incidences and fecal consistency scores were recorded from d 9 to 12. On d 14, all pigs were weighed and then euthanized to obtain intestinal tissue samples for histomorphometric measurements. Growth performance responses were similar among treatments during the pre-and post-challenge periods. There were no significant differences in PUN content, incidences of diarrhea, and fecal consistency scores among treatments. The intestinal histomorphology results did not differ significantly among treatments except for PC with increased(P = 0.0001) villus:crypt ratio compared with the NC. Under the conditions of the present study, it can be concluded that supplementation of piglet diets with 400 mg/kg COS, 100 mg/kg microencapsulated PRO or their combination did not significantly improve piglet growth performance both during the pre-and post-ETEC K88+ oral inoculation. Also, there were no significant reduction of incidences and severity of diarrhea after challenge compared with the control group.展开更多
Casein glycomacropeptide(CGMP) is a bioactive peptide derived from milk with multiple functions. This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of CGMP as a potential feed additive on growth performance,intestinal mor...Casein glycomacropeptide(CGMP) is a bioactive peptide derived from milk with multiple functions. This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of CGMP as a potential feed additive on growth performance,intestinal morphology, intestinal barrier permeability and inflammatory responses of Escherichia coli K88(E. coli K88) challenged piglets. Eighteen weaning piglets were randomly assigned to three groups.Control group and K88 challenged group received a basal diet, and CGMP treated group received the basal diet supplemented with 1% of CGMP powder. The trail lasted for 12 days, K88 was orally administered to the piglets of K88 challenged group and CGMP treated group on days 8-10. The results showed that the diet containing 1% CGMP significantly alleviated the decrease in average daily gain(P <0.05),increase in pathogenic bacteria amounts in intestinal contents(P < 0.05), intestinal morphology(P > 0.05) and barrier permeability damage(P < 0.05), and acute inflammatory response(P < 0.05)induced by E. coli K88 infection. In conclusion, CGMP supplementation in the diet protected the weaning piglets against E. coli K88 infection.展开更多
基金supported by the Projects of The National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant number 2016YFD0501204)Sichuan provincial project on S&T application and demonstration(grant number2016CC0070)the project on commercialization of research findings under funding of government of Sichuan province(grant number16ZHSF0385).
文摘Background:This study aimed to investigate the effects of oral administration of Enterococcus faecium NCIMB10415(E.faecium)on intestinal development,immunological parameters and gut microbiota of neonatal piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88(ETEC).A total of 961-day-old sow-reared piglets were randomly assigned to 2 groups,with 48 piglets in each group.The piglets were from 16 litters(6 piglets each litter),and 3 piglets each litter were allocated to the E.faecium-supplemented(PRO)group,while the other 3 piglets were allocated to the control(CON)group.After colostrum intake,piglets in the PRO group were orally administrated with 3×10~9 CFU E.faecium per day for a period of one week.On day 8,one piglet per litter from each group was challenged(CON+ETEC,PRO+ETEC)or not(CON-ETEC,PRO-ETEC)with ETEC in a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments.On day 10(2 days after challenge),blood and tissue samples were obtained from piglets.Results:Before ETEC challenge,there were no significant differences for the average daily gain(ADG)and fecal score between the two groups of piglets.After ETEC challenge,the challenged piglets had greater fecal score compared to the non-challenged piglets,whereas E.faecium administration was able to decrease the fecal score.Piglets challenged with ETEC had shorter villous height,deeper crypt depth,and reduced number of goblet cells in the jejunum and decreased m RNA abundance of claudin-1 in the ileum,whereas increased the percentage of lymphocytes,concentrations of IL-1βin the plasma and TNF-αin the ileal mucosa,as well as increased the m RNA abundances of innate immunity-related genes in the ileum tissue.These deleterious effects caused by ETEC were partly alleviated by feeding E.faecium.In addition,piglets in PRO-ETEC group had decreased the percentage of CD8^+T cells of the peripheral blood when compared to those in CON-ETEC group.Moreover,E.faecium administration increased Verrucomicrobia at phylum level and decreased Bilophila at genus level.Conclusions:These results suggest that oral administration of E.faecium alleviated the intestinal injury and diarrhea severity of neonatal piglets challenged by ETEC,partly through improving the intestinal microbiota and immune response.This offers a potential strategy of dietary intervention against intestinal impairment by ETEC in neonatal piglets.
基金supported by the International Cooperation Project of Zhejiang Province(No.2012C14031)Innovative Research Team Program of Zhejiang Province(No.2011R50025)
文摘Background： Colibacillosis caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coil （E. coil} results in economic losses in the poultry industry. Antibiotics are usually used to control colibacillosis, however, E. coli has varying degrees of resistance to different antibiotics. Therefore the use of probiotics is becoming accepted as an alternative to antibiotics. In this study, we evaluated the effects of Clostfidium butyricum （C. butyficum） on growth performance, immune response, intestinal barrier function, and digestive enzyme activity in broiler chickens challenged with Eschefichia coli （E. coil） K88. Methods： The chickens were randomly divided into four treatment groups for 28 days. Negative control treatment （NC） consisted of birds fed a basal diet without E. coil K88 challenge and positive control treatment （PC） consisted of birds fed a basal diet and challenged with E. coil K88. C. buO/ricum probiotic treatment （CB） consisted of birds fed a diet containing 2 x 107 cfu C. buO/ricum/kg of diet and challenged with E. coil K88. Colistin sulfate antibiotic treatment （CS） consisted of birds fed a diet containing 20 mg colistin sulfate/kg of diet and challenged with E. coil K88. Results： The body weight （BW） and average day gain （ADG） in the broilers of CB group were higher （P 〈 0.05） than the broilers in the PC group overall except the ADG in the 14-21 d post-challenge. The birds in CB treatment had higher （P 〈 0.05） concentration of tumor necrosis factor-a （TNF-a） at 3 and 7 d post-challenge, and higher （P 〈 0.05） concentration of interleukin-4 （IL-4） at 14 d post-challenge than those in the PC treatment group. The concentration of serum endotoxin in CB birds was lower （P 〈 0.05） at 21 d post-challenge, and the concentrations of serum diamine oxidase in CB birds were lower （P 〈 0.05） at 14 and 21 d post-challenge than in PC birds. Birds in CB treatment group had higher （P 〈 0.05） jejunum villi height than those in PC, NC, or CS treatment at 7, 14, and 21 d post-challenge. In comparison to PC birds, the CB birds had lower （P 〈 0.05） jejunum crypt depth during the whole experiment. The birds in CB or CS treatment group had higher （P 〈 0.05） activities of amylase and protease at 3, 7, and 14 d post-challenge, and higher （P 〈 0.05） activity of lipase at 3, 7 d post-challenge than PC birds.
基金supported by Department of Animal Resource & Science,Dankook University
文摘Background： Dietary nucleotides, considered as antibiotics alternative, were shown to have positive effects on intestinal hyperaemia, systemic immunity, small-intestinal growth, and hepatic composition in pigs. However, there is no previous research on nucleotide supplementation in weanling pigs under an oral challenged E. coil K88. Therefore, 2 experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary nucleotides on weanling pig growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal score, and blood profile after being orally challenged with E. coli K88. Methods： In Exp. 1, a total of 140 weanling pigs [8.33 ± 0.33 kg of body weight （BW）, 28-d old] were used in this 42-d feeding trial. Pigs were distributed into 1 of 4 treatments, 5 pigs/pen （3 barrows and 2 gilts） and 7 pens/treatment. Treatments were a control basal diet （CON） or the CON supplemented with 150 （R150）, 220 （R220）, or 275 （R275） mg/kg to give the three treatment diets. In Exp. 2, 28 weanling pigs （BW = 8.40 ± 0.22 kg, 28-d old） were distributed into 1 of 4 treatments to give 1 pig/pen and 7 pens/treatment in a 42-d feeding and challenge trial. Dietary treatments were the same as in Exp. 1. 0n d 14, all those pigs （BW= 13.3±0.15 kg, 42-d old） were orally dosed with 1.5 mL suspension containing 10 cfu/mL of E. coli K88. Twenty four hours after challenge, blood and excreta samples were collected from each pigs for analysis. Fecal scores were measured on d 7, 14, 21, and 28 of the study. Results： In Exp. 1, overall BW, average daily gain （ADG）, gain/feed （G/F） ratio, and nutrient digestibilities were lower （P 〈 0.05） in CON group compared with the nucleotides fed pigs. In Exp. 2, after challenge, IgA, IgM, and IGF-I were higher （P〈 0.05） in the nucleotide groups compared with CON. However, the nucleotide groups had lower （P 〈 0.05） cortisol and TNF-o compared with CON. Fecal E. coil counts and fecal score for the nucleotide groups were lower （P 〈 0.05） than for CON. Conclusions： In conclusion, dietary nucleotides supplementation could improve growth performance, nutrient digestibility, immune status, microbial balance, reduce diarrhea, and provide protection against enterotoxigenic E. coli K88 infection in weanling pigs.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31772612)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(6202019)
文摘This study evaluated the effects of micro-encapsulated(protected)organic acids(OA)and essential oils(EO)combination,P(OA+EO),and effects of a regular blend of free acids(FA)on the growth,immune responses,intestinal barrier and microbiota of weaned piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC)F4(K88^+).A total of 30 crossbred(Duroc×Landrace×Large White)weaned barrows(7.41±0.06 kg,28 d old)were assigned randomly to 5 treatments:1)non-challenged positive control(PC),2)ETEC F4(K88^+)-challenged negative control(NC),3)NC+kitasamycin at 50 mg/kg+olaquindox at 100 mg/kg+free acidifier(FA)at 5 g/kg,4)NC+kitasamycin at 50 mg/kg+olaquindox at 100 mg/kg+P(OA+EO)at 1 g/kg(P1),5)NC+kitasamycin at 50 mg/kg+olaquindox at 100 mg/kg+P(OA+EO)at 2 g/kg(P2).Each dietary treatment had 6 replicates of one piglet each and the study lasted for 3 wk.On d 7,pigs in NC,FA,P1 and P2 were orally dosed with 10 mL of ETEC F4(K88^+)culture(1×10^9 CFU/mL).From d 7 to 14 after the ETEC F4(K88^+)challenge,P1 increased gain-to-feed ratio(G:F)significantly(P<0.05)compared with NC and FA groups.From d 14 to 21,P2 increased the average daily gain of pigs(P<0.05)compared with NC and FA groups.Compared with NC,P2 reduced tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-6 and IL-10 concentrations(P<0.05)in sera collected at 4 h later after ETEC F4(K88^+)challenge.On d 21,P1 increased occludin and zonula occludens-1 protein expression in ileum compared with NC(P<0.05).After this 3-wk experiment,alpha diversity of gut microbiota was decreased by P2 compared with PC,and P1 increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in ileum,cecum and colon(P<0.05).In co nclusio n,dietary P(OA+EO)additive at 2 g/kg combined with antibiotics could improve piglet performance and attenuate inflammation,and P(OA+EO)additive at 1 g/kg combined with antibiotics improved intestinal barrier and increased beneficial microbiota composition after an F4(K88^+)challenge.
基金funded by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and Manitoba Pork Council
文摘The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effects of chitosan oligosaccharide(COS) and a microencapsulated Enterococcus faecalis CG1.0007 probiotic(PRO) on growth performance and diarrhea incidences in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC) K88^+ challenged piglets in a 14-d study. Thirty piglets,7.19 ± 0.52 kg initial BW weaned at 21 ± 1 d.were allotted to 5 treatment groups(n = 6)consisting of a corn-soybean meal diet with no additive(negative control, NC), NC + 0.25% chlortetracycline(positive control, PC), NC + 400 mg/kg COS(COS), NC + 100 mg/kg PRO(PRO) and NC + a combination of COS and PRO(CPRO). Pigs were individually housed in cages, acclimated to treatments for a 7-d period and had ad libitum access to feed and water throughout the study, On d 8, pigs were weighed, blood samples were collected, and then orally challenged with 6 mL(1 ×10^(11) cfu/mL) of freshly grown ETEC inoculum. During post-challenge period, blood was sampled at 24 and 48 h to determine plasma urea nitrogen(PUN), and diarrhea incidences and fecal consistency scores were recorded from d 9 to 12. On d 14, all pigs were weighed and then euthanized to obtain intestinal tissue samples for histomorphometric measurements. Growth performance responses were similar among treatments during the pre-and post-challenge periods. There were no significant differences in PUN content, incidences of diarrhea, and fecal consistency scores among treatments. The intestinal histomorphology results did not differ significantly among treatments except for PC with increased(P = 0.0001) villus:crypt ratio compared with the NC. Under the conditions of the present study, it can be concluded that supplementation of piglet diets with 400 mg/kg COS, 100 mg/kg microencapsulated PRO or their combination did not significantly improve piglet growth performance both during the pre-and post-ETEC K88+ oral inoculation. Also, there were no significant reduction of incidences and severity of diarrhea after challenge compared with the control group.
基金supported by the earmarked fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System(CARS-36)
文摘Casein glycomacropeptide(CGMP) is a bioactive peptide derived from milk with multiple functions. This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of CGMP as a potential feed additive on growth performance,intestinal morphology, intestinal barrier permeability and inflammatory responses of Escherichia coli K88(E. coli K88) challenged piglets. Eighteen weaning piglets were randomly assigned to three groups.Control group and K88 challenged group received a basal diet, and CGMP treated group received the basal diet supplemented with 1% of CGMP powder. The trail lasted for 12 days, K88 was orally administered to the piglets of K88 challenged group and CGMP treated group on days 8-10. The results showed that the diet containing 1% CGMP significantly alleviated the decrease in average daily gain(P <0.05),increase in pathogenic bacteria amounts in intestinal contents(P < 0.05), intestinal morphology(P > 0.05) and barrier permeability damage(P < 0.05), and acute inflammatory response(P < 0.05)induced by E. coli K88 infection. In conclusion, CGMP supplementation in the diet protected the weaning piglets against E. coli K88 infection.
