Research on the Influence of Government R&D Funding and Enterprise R&D Investment on the Innovation Efficiency of Pharmaceutical Industry

Objective To study the effect of government R&D funding and enterprise R&D input on innovation efficiency of China’s pharmaceutical industry.Methods Based on the inter-provincial panel data of China’s pharmaceutical industry from 2009 to 2019,the stochastic frontier analysis method was used to study the influence of government R&D funding and enterprise R&D input on the innovation efficiency.Results and Conclusion With 1%increase in government R&D funding,the innovation efficiency of enterprises will increase by 0.122%.When R&D investment increases by 1%,innovation efficiency will increase by 0.169%.Both government R&D funding and enterprise R&D investment promote the innovation efficiency of pharmaceutical enterprises,but the increase of enterprise R&D investment contributes more to the improvement of pharmaceutical innovation efficiency.

Partners selection of VE based on the organizational field

VE organizational field is a management meaning field formed by the mutual action of resources element.It studies leader and partners in VE as a system,and founds the affiliation among them by the relation of resources.It describes candidate partner enterprise's inner trait and exterior trait by quality parameter and exterior parameter,then analyzes and evaluates them.It combines the qualitative variable and quantitative variable to evaluate the candidate enterprises.It integrates static and dynamic method to help the VE leader to choose partner,which is good for the whole alliance.

Study on the partner selecting method of strategic alliance inhigh and new technology enterprises

A successful and effective strategic alliance involves many factors, of which selecting a proper partner is the most important factor to achieve the success of the alliance. In view of the characteristics of strategic alliance in high and new technology enterprises and according to the analysis on the standards of partner selecting and the factors of the success of alliance, this paper does some deeper research on the partner selecting and the alliance evaluation process from the perspective of different strategic levels by using a fuzzy comprehensive evaluating method, thus providing a method to select the alliance partner for high and new technology enterprises in China.

Optimization of Chinese power enterprises R&D staff incentive mechanism

With the deepening of electric power market reform in China,the monopoly edge of the state-owned electric power enterprises will lose.On the basis of the existing post performance salary mechanism,Chinese power enterprises need to optimize the incentive mechanism of R&D staff,to arouse the R&D staff's enthusiasm and creativity,to adapt to the new market competition and further improve market value.Whilst the incentive mechanism optimizing processing needs to consider not only the changing market environment but also the personal and working characteristics of R&D staff.This paper summarizes the characteristics of the current Chinese power enterprises' R&D staff:staff's theory quality is high,but insensitive to the market;they are confronted with heavy workload and diversified job choices;managers can observe their behavior choices or not;besides,the process of R&D is complex and the market reactions of R&D achievements are uncertain.Based on the premise of the above features,two incentive models are established in this paper from the point of view of enterprise managers.One is for the situation when staff's behavior choices can be observed;the other is for the situation when staff's behavior choices cannot be observed.Through solving the model,we analyze the optimization path of electric power enterprises R&D staff incentive mechanism under these conditions:(1) when staff's behavior choices can be observed,managers can pay more to the R&D staff who develop products with higher output value,in order to encourage them to work harder.(2) when staff's behavior choices cannot be observed,managers should take reasonable strategies according to the different situations:a.when R&D staff incentive totally depend on the market value of the R&D achievements,managers should allocate workload rationally according to their different technical levels;b.when the market reactions of R&D results become more precarious,managers need to reduce the incentive intensity which based on the market value and raise their fixed salary level;c.when R&D staff become more risk averse,managers should reduce the incentive intensity which based on the market value and raise their fixed salary level;on the contrary,managers should improve the incentive intensity and reduce the fixed salary level.

ZTE Partners with German Distributor VITEC to Strengthen Its Enterprise Channel

VITEC Distribution is headquartered in Mainz, Germany. On 30 August 2012, the company signed a general distribution agreement with ZTE to sell video conferencing systems in Germany. The agreement allows both companies to jointly market video conferencing terminals and servers to enterprises. The German ICT market is one of the largest in Europe （where small and medium-sized enterprises account for over 99.7% of all firms）. With its high-definition audio and video solutions, ZTE provides high quality, cost-effective, user-friendly ways for SMEs to start using video conferencing without needing expensive video bridges and superfluous exchange services

Research on the Effect of R&D Investment Intensity and Sales Expense on the Performance of Biomedical Enterprises

Objective To explore the influence of new drug R&D investment and sales expense on the performance of biomedical enterprises.Methods The financial statements of 76 listed biomedical enterprises for 5 consecutive years were selected,and the data were modeled to study the effect of R&D investment and sales expense on the performance of biomedical enterprises by using financial indicators as tools and statistical methods of multiple linear regression.Results and Conclusion Under the premise that the weak related factors such as enterprise scale,life cycle and asset-liability ratio are set as unrelated variables,the R&D investment intensity of biomedical enterprises is negatively correlated with the current performance,which also shows that the R&D of biomedical enterprises has the characteristics of high risk.Besides,the influence of early R&D investment is delayed.However,the sales expense of leading biomedical enterprises with large scales have higher proportion.Meanwhile the greater sales expense of the same enterprise in different periods,the better the enterprise performance is.Biomedical enterprises should consider their own development stage to develop more patented drugs.Besides,they must formulate plans for allocating reasonable sales personnel and cost expense to ensure that enterprises can obtain better benefits.

Research on the Relationship between the Profitability and R&D Investment of Enterprises of Different Scales in China’s Pharmaceutical Industry

Objective To analyze the relationship between the profitability of pharmaceutical enterprises of different scales and their R&D investment.Methods The data of China’s pharmaceutical manufacturing industry from 1995 to 2016 were selected to establish a vector auto-regression mode,and then an impulse response function and variance decomposition were used to analyze the data.Results and Conclusion For large-scale pharmaceutical enterprises,1%increase in R&D input will lead to 0.792%increase of their main business profit.For medium-sized enterprises,if their main business profit increases by 1%,their R&D input will increase by 0.965%.Therefore,if their R&D input increases by 1%,their main business profit will increase by 1.036%.The improvement of the profitability of large-scale pharmaceutical enterprises cannot promote the increase of R&D capital investment.But the increase of profitability from medium-sized enterprises can promote the increase of R&D capital investment.As a result,the increase of R&D capital investment of large and medium-sized enterprises can improve corporate profitability.

Research on Technology Opportunity Identification of Small and Medium-sized Vaccine Enterprises Based on Patent Analysis

Objective To propose a method for identifying cooperation partners and technology opportunities based on technological similarity and technological capability analysis at the critical moment for the survival of small and medium-sized vaccine companies.This method can provide a direction for small and medium-sized enterprises that lack human and financial resources to make full use of its existing technologies.Methods Data analysis was carried out based on patent data.First,through cosine similarity and patent index evaluation,companies with high technological similarity and strong technological capabilities were selected as the target of cooperation.Then evaluation index system of technological development potential was built from three dimensions:technological competitiveness,technological creativity,and potential for industrialization.AHP-CRITIC method was used to determine the comprehensive development potential of each technology.Finally,technology opportunities based on K-means and text mining were identified.Results and Conclusion This method can help small and medium vaccine companies in China to identify technological opportunities and provide directions for product development.

高新技术企业R&D联盟伙伴匹配性分形评价研究

为实现高新技术企业R&D联盟伙伴优化组合,提高R&D联盟运行效率,充分发挥R&D联盟的综合优势,针对高新技术企业R&D联盟的特点与目的,对R&D联盟伙伴匹配性进行了界定,分析筛选了影响R&D联盟伙伴匹配性的主要因素,构建了高新技术企业R&D联盟伙伴匹配性评价指标体系,设计了指标评分规则,提出了分形评价方法,并以华为R&D联盟伙伴选择作为实证分析对象,对其R&D联盟伙伴的匹配性进行了评价,结果表明华为选择的R&D联盟伙伴的匹配程度高,符合华为R&D联盟的实际情况。

RESEARCH ON NEGOTIATION-BASED PARTNER SELECTION APPROACH

The key problem in the construction of virtual enterprises (VEs) is how toselect appropriate partners. The negotiation-based approach is proposed to support partner selectionin the construction of VEs. The negotiation model is discussed from three main aspectsrespectively, i.e., negotiation protocol, negotiation goal and negotiation decision-making model.And the generic mathematical description of the negotiation model is formally presented. Finally, asimple example is used to validate the approach's availability.

Interval programming model for risk-based partner selection of virtual enterprise

The problem of risk-based partner selection of virtual enterprise is investigated. By choosing optimal partner for each project task, the project risk is minimized. The risk parameters are expressed in the form of interval numbers when the precise values are difficult to obtain, and the model is formulated into a 0-1 nonlinear programming with interval coefficients in its objective function. In order to solve the problem, the definition of order relation between interval numbers is given, and the original model is converted into an equivalent crisp bi-objective programming model. Because of the highly constrained nature and multiple objective of the model, a genetic algorithm is proposed to find the set of Pareto or near Pareto optimal solutions. The approach is demonstrated by some numerical examples, and the result shows that the suggested approach has high efficiency and the model has potential to practical applications.

Partner Selection Analysis and System Development Based on Gray Relation Analysis for an Agile Virtual Enterprise

This paper analyzes the state of the art of partner selection and enumerates the advantage of partner selection based on gray relation analysis comparing to the other algorithms of the partner selection. Furthermore, partner selection system based on gray relation for an Agile Virtual Enterprise（AVE） is analyzed and designed based on the definition and characteristics of the AVE. According to J2EE mode, the architecture of the partner selection system is put forward and the system is developed t^ing JSP, EJB and SQL Server. The paper lays emphasis on a gray relational mathematic model, AVE evaluation infrastructure, a core algorithm of partner selection and a multi-layer gray relation selection process.

Tabu Search Solution for Resource Confidence Considered Partner Selection Problem in Cross-Enterprise Project

Cross-enterprise project is the main implementation form in multi enterprises collaborative production environment. Minimizing the risk of failure and tardiness caused by the uncertainty of partner’s resources in partner selection is the key problem to ensure success in Cross-enterprise project. In this paper, considering the factors and constraints of sub-project processing times, precedence of sub-project and project due date, especially the resource confidence, a 0-1 integer programming model was presented with the objective to minimize the risk of failure and the tardiness of the project. A project scheduling algorithm was designed to search and evaluate selection solutions, and the project scheduling algorithm was embedded into a Tabu search algorithm to solve the model. Simulation experiments and comparisons with other algorithms showed that the proposed approach was possible to find the optimal solution with a faster speed and higher probability.

Research on Partner Selection in Enterprise Innovation Ecosystem

In the face of fierce market competition,enterprises must ensure the competitiveness of their products or services through technological innovation.However,the complexity of technology often surpasses the capabilities of individual enterprises,leading them to deepen cooperation with other organizations.The entities within the enterprise innovation ecosystem depend on each other,collaborate closely,and rely on core enterprises to integrate resources,thereby creating system value and enhancing competitiveness.The purpose of this paper is to explore the process of selecting appropriate ecosystem partners.It begins by providing an overview of relevant concepts,characteristics,selection factors,and methods.Subsequently,it analyzes the roles,resources,and synergy evolution of the entities within the ecosystem.An evaluation system encompassing operation,core,synergy,and development capability is then established.This system comprises 16 indicators,including organization scale and reputation,and is accompanied by a hierarchical evaluation model.Finally,the validity of the evaluation system is confirmed through empirical analysis,utilizing the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method.

基于DEA/AHP的虚拟企业合作伙伴选择研究

在虚拟企业组建过程中,合作伙伴的选择直接关系到虚拟企业的运行效果.在分析合作伙伴选择一般方法的基础上,利用数据包络分析(DEA)/层次分析法(AHP)对合作伙伴进行分类,并对同一类型的合作伙伴进行评价与选择,基于DEA/AHP提出了新的方法,运用一个算例验证了此方法的可行性和有效性.

工程项目组合管理的战略Partnering模式

为了提高工程项目组合管理的综合效益,将战略Partnering模式应用于工程项目组合管理中。通过对战略Partnering模式概念和特点的分析,设计了战略Partnering模式的组织结构,提出了战略Partnering模式的工作流程,详述了战略Partnering工程项目组合管理机制应包括信任机制、沟通机制、协作机制、利益机制与调节机制,对战略Partnering模式在建筑企业中的应用起到了一定的示范作用。

基于Partnering模式的工程物资供应链研究

在对传统工程物资供应链特点分析的基础上,提出了基于partnering模式的工程物资供应链的新模式,并对该模式的运行构建了基本的框架,分析了该模式的优势和运行机制的特点,目的在于为我国建筑企业的长期可持续性发展创造条件。

基于Virtual-Hub多企业协作生产计划系统仿真研究

提出一种基于Virtual-Hub的多企业协作生产计划系统,并设计开发了支持多企业生产信息共享的Virtual-Hub,采用消息机制快速处理协作企业间的信息传递,屏蔽分布式企业异构系统之间信息共享的复杂性.基于成组技术的先粗后精订单分解方法,提高外部订单分解的效率.以某订单为例,着重就订单分解、企业生产进度更新和子任务实时监控等进行仿真,论证了所提系统和方法的有效性.

应用PCA和RBF网络评价建设项目动态联盟候选伙伴的绩效

基于建设项目动态联盟候选伙伴绩效的内涵分析,确定了决定伙伴绩效的因素,构建了伙伴绩效评价的指标体系。通过主成分分析将众多指标进行综合,消除样本间的信息重叠,降低RBF网络的输入维数。针对伙伴绩效系统的非线性特征,采用RBF网络高度非线性映射能力,对某建设项目动态联盟的候选伙伴绩效进行了评价。评价结果表明PCA与RBF网络相结合的方法比单纯的RBF网络方法具有较高的精确度和较好的拟合效果。