Factors influencing willingness to participate in ophthalmic clinical trials and strategies for effective recruitment

AIM:To explore the factors influencing individuals’willingness to participate in ophthalmic clinical trials.METHODS:A questionnaire survey was conducted from January to April 2021 among patients and their family members at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center,Sun Yat-sen University,in Guangzhou,China.The survey gathered data on respondents’willingness,demographic and socioeconomic profiles,as well as their reasons and concerns regarding engagement in clinical trials.RESULTS:Of the 1078 residents surveyed(mean age 31.2±13.1y;65.8%females)in Guangzhou,749(69.5%)expressed a willingness to participate in future ophthalmic clinical trials.Specific characteristics associated with greater willingness included a younger age,lower annual income,higher education,prior participation experience,previous ophthalmic treatment,and a better understanding of clinical trials.With the exception of age,these characteristics were significantly linked to a higher willingness.The primary barrier to participation,expressed by 64.8%of those willing and 54.4%of those unwilling,was“Uncertain efficacy”.In terms of motivations,the willing group ranked“Better therapeutic benefits”(35.0%),“Professional monitoring”(34.3%),and“Trust in healthcare professionals”(33.1%)as their top three reasons,whereas the unwilling participants indicated“Full comprehension of the protocol”(46.2%)as the key facilitator.CONCLUSION:This study reveals a substantial willingness to participate in ophthalmic clinical trials and demonstrates the predictive role of demographic and socioeconomic factors.Variations in motivators and concerns between willing and unwilling participants highlight the significance of tailored recruitment strategies.Importantly,the need for and trust in healthcare professionals stand out as powerful motivations,underscoring the importance of enhancing physician-patient relationships,adopting patient-centered communication approaches,and addressing individualized needs to improve accrual rates.

Preserving environmental quality of ecotourism sites through community participation in Purulia District of West Bengal,India

The importance of valuing environmental resources,especially in ecotourism sites,has become increasingly important over the last two decades.Ecotourism is now considered as an important source of livelihood of local stakeholders in backward regions.Therefore,the preservation of ecotourism sites through community participation seems very important to maintain continued flow of tourists.This study aimed at recognizing the importance of community participation for the preservation of ecotourism sites.For this,this study executed a survey based on non-probability sampling in two ecotourism sites(Garpanchkot and Baranti)covering 100 respondents in Purulia District,West Bengal of India.The central issue of this study was to assess the tendency of community participation for the conservation of ecotourism sites and find the optimum condition for offering participatory labour time.This study showed that the participation of young people is high,and the majority of respondents are aware of the importance in protecting ecotourism sites.Because respondents were too poor to offer money,the contingent valuation method(CVM)was used to elicit their willingness to pay(WTP)participatory labour time for the conservation of ecotourism sites.Respondents’age,income,education level,caste,and their perceived environmental quality had significant relationship with their WTP participatory labour time by applying the ordinary least square(OLS)model.It was found that the mean WTP participatory labour time of each respondent in a month is approximately 3.64 h.The significance of this study is that community participation can improve the sense of belonging,trust,and credibility of ecotourism sites,making them more appreciative of the value and protection of these sites.

Impact of State Equity Participation on Family Enterprises’ Innovation Input

Whether the mixed-ownership reform whereby the state invests in nonstate enterprises will be effective is a question that has attracted widespread attention and discussion.This paper uses sample data from family-owned enterprises listed from 2009 to 2016 and empirically tests the impact of equity participation by the state in the family enterprises on their innovation input and the underlying mechanisms.Our results show that state investment has positive impacts on innovation input in the family enterprises.This effect is even more significant for high-tech family enterprises and/or those family enterprises confronting high policy uncertainty.Our results also reveal that when state investment is accompanied by a greater degree of state participation in enterprise operations or when the investment originates locally,there is a greater increase in innovation input.Further analysis of the underlying mechanisms reveals that state investment increases innovation input by increasing both willingness to innovate and the resources available for innovation.This paper provides new theoretical support and empirical evidence for pushing the mixed-ownership reform and stepping up the sustainable development of non-state enterprises including family ones.

Comparative Research of Residents' Effect Perception and Participation Capacity and Willingness on Pro-poor Tourism

In this article,comparative research on residents' effect perception,participation capacity and willingness on Pro-poor Tourism( PPT) is given based on the questionnaire carried out in Wulong County and Fengjie County in Three Gorges Area,Chongqing,China. Some technologies,such as SPSS 13. 0,ANOVA and T-test are applied to analyze the data and results show Wulong residents' perception behavior is better than that of Fengjie residents. Moreover,the residents with different demographic characteristics have different participation behavior.Finally,multiple regression analysis is applied to identify the key factors influencing residents' perception behavior,that is participation willingness and positive economic effect perception,positive social and cultural effect perception and participation capacity.

Willingness of farmers to participate in food traceability systems:improving the level of food safety

In order to solve frequently emerging food safety problems and adapt to the developing trends in the international food safety field, the Chinese government is establishing and developing food traceability systems. Whether or not food traceability sys- tems can guarantee food safety is a problem well worth discussing. Hence, we constructed a theoretical model to explore the effect of incentives in a food traceability system in order to improve food safety levels. The following results were obtained： enhancing the ef- fectiveness of a food traceability system, increasing the payment to farmers who supply safe agricultural products and strengthening the penalty for unsafe food supply actions are necessary conditions to improve the level of food safety. How to encourage farmers to use food traceability systems is another problem explored in our investigation. Based on a field survey on the willingness of vegetable growers to participate using a vegetable traceability system in Beijing, the first city in China to develop such a system, we used a de- scriptive statistics and a binary logistic regression model to investigate the factors which dominate the decision on the part of farmers to participate in a food safety system. The results indicate that i： younger farmers are more likely to get involved in a food traceability system than older farmers, ii： income from non-agricultural activities decreases the willingness of farmers to participate, iii： the high- er the cost-benefit ratio of growing vegetables, the more likely for farmers to engage in a food traceability system, iv： farmers with a great concern for food safety information have a high propensity to participate and v： increased penalties against unsafe food supply actions and high-risk expectation are adverse incentives. In contrast, high-price expectation is a positive incentive for farmers to par- ticipate, while agricultural training, government subsidies and being part of an industrial organization will significantly strengthen the confidence of farmers to participate in a food safety system.

Analyzing Factors Contributing to Farmers' Willingness to Participate in Rural Cooperative Finance Organizations

It has been commonly recognized that the cooperative finance organizations in China's rural areas have been playing an important role in spreading farm production risks, increasing farmers' income, as well as stimulating the overall rural economic growth. This paper attempted to identify the key factors which potentially contributed to the farmers' willingness to participate in the new-form of the rural cooperative finance organizations sponsored by the Chinese governments. In the process, a total of 442 farmer households as well as small-micro farming enterprises were sampled from the villages in Panjin municipality of Liaoning Province in China, where the new form of the rural cooperative finance organization(NFRCFO) experiment was under way. Those potential factors were classified into the four categories, including the characteristics of the famer households, the reputation of the rural finance cooperatives, transaction costs paid, as well as service quality. A discrete Logit model was used for parameter estimations. The results showed that most of the factors being considered exhibited statistically significant effects on the farmers' willingness to take part in NFRCFO, but with each presenting different levels of impacts. The causes and effects for those uncovered empirical results were fully discussed following by policy implication discussion.

The Modified Contingent Valuation Method for Evaluating the Willingness of the Citizenry to Participate in Excavation and the Restoration of the Ancient Theatre of Lefkada

This proposed project is not viable in profitable terms to private enterprise, so it applied a modified version of the CVM （Contingent Valuation Method） to realize this project. A survey was conducted in Lefkada Island in Greece, where 200 interviewees took part in order to consider whether they wish to voluntarily participate in the excavation and restoration of the ancient theater of Lefkada. Half of the interviewees were given information on the history of the site and then were asked to fill out a questionnaire. The other half of the interviewees were given no historical information on the archeological site and also were asked to fill out a questionnaire. The interviewees who were not given any information on the history of the site briefed on the history and then were asked to fill out another questionnaire. The purpose was to observe the different responses that the interviewees gave before and after being informed. This study aims to compare the WTP （Willingness To Participate） for this public good among those who were informed and those who were not.

The impact of organizational resources and managerial interpretation on willingness to participate in carbon market

On the basis of resource-based view and managerial cognition,this research aims to explore which and how organizational resources facilitate organizational willingness to participate in carbon market(WTP-CM).In particular,it classifies resources into two dimensions,general resources(GR)and professional resources(PR),and investigates how these two types of resources interact with managerial interpretation and then influence organizational WTP-CM using a sample of 222 Chinese industrial firms.The findings show that environmental talents(PR)and low-carbon technologies(PR)have positive influences on organizational WTP-CM not only directly,but also indirectly through accelerating managers to interpret carbon trading as an opportunity,rather than a threat.On the contrary,only via managerial interpretation can capital reserve(GR)and environmental practices(PR)affect organizational WTP_CM positively.Furthermore,the impact of environmental practices on managerial interpretation does not depend on the performance of environmental practices(i.e.,success or failure).It means,regardless of environmental performance,the cumulation of environmental experience would promote managers to interpret carbon market as an opportunity and then advance their WTP-CM.Last,this partial mediating role of managerial interpretation between organizational resources and WTP-CM varies depending on organizational social position.Compared to centralfirms,peripheralfirms tend to be more responsive to managerial interpretation.The chain from organizational resources,to interpretation of carbon market as an opportunity,andfinally to the willingness to participate is stronger for peripheralfirms than for central ones.

Factors Influencing Farmers' Willingness to Participate in the New Vocational Training

Probit model is applied to analyze some key factors influencing farmers' willingness to participate in the new vocational training for farmers based on 683 questionnaires from 8 districts in Chongqing. The results show that individual and family factors significantly affect farmers' participation will. These factors are age,family scale and years of education. Age is the most important factor,family scale is of secondary importance and years of education are the third one. Meanwhile,years of education positively affect farmers' participation willingness;there is a negative correlation among age,family scale and this willingness. Organizer,rural economic development level and training experience have no significant influence on this willingness.

Factors Influencing Farmers' Willingness to Participate in Plant Protection Machinery Subsidies

In order to have an overview of implementation of the subsidy policy for purchase of plant protection machinery in Fujian Province, based on the questionnaire data on Fujian Province, we use Logit model to conduct empirical analysis of factors influencing farmers' willingness to participate in the subsidy policy for purchase of plant protection machinery. Research results show that there are 69.4% of farmers willing to participate in the subsidy policy for purchase of plant protection machinery; farmers' growing area has a significant impact on the willingness to participate in the subsidy policy for purchase of plant protection machinery, and there is negative correlation; educational level, experience in planting, family farming pure income all have a significant positive impact on the willingness to participate in the subsidy policy.

Willingness of Farmers Joining Professional Cooperatives——Based on the Questionnaire Survey of Nanjing

Based on the questionnaire survey of farmers in Nanjing City,the research analyzes the influencing factors of farmers' willingness joining professional cooperatives with Binary Logistic model.Results show that variable factors such as:labors,degrees of education,levels of awareness,development of judgments,have positive relation to the willingness of farmers joining professional cooperatives;gender and financial demands are negative related to willingness of farmers joining professional cooperatives;variable factors,such as ages,degrees of education,numbers of farmers,scale of land,generation experience,specific investment and fluctuations of prices,the estimated parameters of which are not significant.At last,the paper points out that the 2 important ways in accelerating the development of professional cooperatives are:the first is to accelerate the capital accumulation of advanced farmers and strengthen the scaled degrees of agricultural management.The second is to promote the information and techniques accumulation speed of professional farmers to strengthen people's awareness and confidence.

The Participation Path Analysis of Local Community in Ethnic Tourism Destination

Community participation of tourism development in ethnic tourism destinations has great significance to promote the evolution of national tourism.Based on the empowerment theory,this study constructs a theoretical model between tourism empowerment,social capital,tourism impact,and residents’willingness to participate tourism development.Taking Dong Village of Zhaoxing County in Southeast Guizhou Province of China as the case,structural equation model is applied to test the hypothetical relationships.Results show that economic,psychological,and social empowerment is related to residents’perception of tourism positive influence and their willingness to participate tourism development.In addition,positive tourism impact and social capital are also significant driving forces to enhance residents’initiative in tourism development.The higher social capital mainly comes from residents’perceived social empowerment.This study provides theoretical guidance for encouraging residents of ethnic tourism destinations to participate tourism and then promote local tourism development.

现代学徒制视域下企业参与动机、行为及收益的影响机制及效应研究

深入探讨企业参与现代学徒制动机、行为及收益之间的作用机制,对更好地开展具有中国特色现代学徒制意义重大。基于对浙江省97家参与学徒制合作企业开展的结构性访谈和问卷调查,在明确企业参与现代学徒制动机、行为及收益观测指标的基础上构建了相应的假设关系模型,并采用AMOS软件对三者的关系进行模型拟合。研究结果显示:企业参与现代学徒制动机对采取的行为及收益均有着显著的正向影响;企业行为对收益以及在“动机—收益”间的中介效应不够显著;“动机—行为—收益”间的作用关系在企业规模、所有权性质、所属行业以及科研&技术人员占比等方面表现出异质性。对此建议,进一步提升企业参与现代学徒制的积极性,一要强化制度保障,增加企业的参与收益;二要增强校企交流,提高校企合作匹配度;三要完善合作机制,提升学徒培养质量。

个人养老金制度参与意愿的影响因素分析——基于结构方程模型

个人养老金制度作为我国社会保障体系建设顶层设计中的一个重要制度安排,是多层次、多支柱养老保险体系的重要组成部分。2022年末制度落地以来,公众参保意愿不强,市场观望情绪浓厚。基于对全国个人养老金制度试点城市开展的问卷调查数据,采用结构方程模型系统分析个人养老金制度参与意愿的影响因素和相关影响机制,发现该制度的参与意愿与居民的年龄段、居住城市、工作状况及家庭金融资产规模紧密相关;认知水平和制度信任对感知有用性和感知易用性会产生显著的正向影响,进而影响参与意愿,而机制建设并非影响参与意愿的显著因素。建议个人养老金制度针对特定人群进行重点宣传,放宽提取要求,建立产品准入和退出制度并促进信息披露标准化。

逆向混改助力民企创新——国有资本参股对民营企业双元创新投入的影响研究

逆向混改有利于提高民营企业创新投入吗?以A股民营控股上市公司为样本考察国有资本参股的逆向混改对民营企业双元创新投入的影响后发现:首先,国有资本参股对于民营企业双元创新投入存在异质性影响,即能够显著提高民营企业开发式创新投入,而对探索式创新投入无明显作用(国企“两利一率”考核压力影响了国有资本参股对民营企业探索式创新投入的作用);其次,缓解融资约束与提高风险承担能力是上述关系的作用机制;再次,制度环境、行业竞争和技术董事数量等情境因素会影响国有资本参股对民营企业开发式创新投入的治理效果;最后,国有资本参股能够通过提高开发式创新投入的方式提高民营企业价值。通过揭示国有资本参股对民营企业双元创新投入的影响及其作用机理,回应了国有产权对民营企业创新作用的研究分歧,也拓宽了混合所有制改革思路。

“反向混改”与民营企业数字化转型:国有资本参股视角

民营企业是推动我国经济高质量发展、建设现代化经济体系的重要主体,如何推动其数字化转型具有重要战略意义。基于资源效应和治理效应视角,探讨国有资本参股这一“反向混改”形式对民营企业数字化转型的影响,发现国有资本参股对民营企业数字化转型具有显著促进作用,经过一系列稳健性检验该实证结果依然成立。机制分析发现,国有资本参股有利于缓解民营企业数字化人才匮乏和代理冲突问题,进而可赋能其数字化转型。异质性分析表明,中小规模民营企业、成长性较高的民营企业、行业集中度较高的民营企业及单一国有股东参股的民营企业,其国有资本参股的数字化激励效应更为显著。该结论为明晰国有资本参股民营企业共同推动数字化发展的联动机理、依托“反向混改”激发民营经济发展活力提供了经验证据和路径参考。

非国有资本参股对国有企业数字化转型的影响研究

国有企业推进数字化转型在促进自身发展升级时也能产生广泛的社会价值。基于2007—2020年上市企业数据,对非国有资本参股与国有企业数字化转型的关系及其内在机理进行实证分析。研究结果表明:国有企业在数字化转型中面临情境式困境,非国有资本参股通过加强企业创新动力、激发高管企业家精神与完善人才激励机制促进数字化转型,从而实现国有经济的高质量发展,但其效果会因国有企业特征、非国有资本特征以及外部环境特征有所差异。

董事高管责任保险与会计信息质量——基于党组织参与治理的替代或互补效应

以国务院在2020年10月出台的《关于进一步提高上市公司质量的意见》政策为研究契机,选取我国2010—2021年A股上市公司为样本,采用双向固定效应模型,在研究董事高管责任保险对会计信息质量治理作用的基础上,研究党组织参与公司治理是替代还是互补董事高管责任保险发挥这一治理效应,以及剖析其传导效应和企业异质性效应。研究结果表明:董事高管责任保险对企业会计信息质量有治理效应,且“双向进入”式党组织参与治理会提升董事高管责任保险对会计信息质量的治理效应,即存在互补效应;而“交叉任职”式党组织参与治理抑制董事高管责任保险对会计信息质量的治理效应,即替代效应。进一步分析研究表明:董事高管责任保险会通过促进企业创新和提高内部控制质量对会计信息质量发挥治理效应,并在媒体关注度或盈利能力越高的企业中这种治理效应更好。上述研究结果不仅从新视角拓展会计信息质量影响因素的研究,而且丰富董事高管责任保险和党组织参与公司治理的单独及联合治理效果,并为政府、企业等相关利益者在实践中发掘董事高管责任保险的积极作用和提高会计信息质量提供了有益的实践启示。

扩大我国企业年金制度覆盖面研究:理论基础、制约因素与对策建议

提高企业年金覆盖率是人口老龄化背景下,发展我国多层次多支柱养老保险体系的重要举措。现阶段,我国企业年金制度在参与规模与投资收益增长上成效显著,但覆盖率长期偏低、参与企业的类型失衡等问题也不容忽视。在明确企业年金本质是企业利润分享、直接目标是留住与吸引人才、表现形式近似延期工资或企业福利的基础上,结合对多地区、多行业与多类型的尚未及已经建立企业年金计划的企业的调研,从主体与制度两个维度,构建了企业建立年金计划的制约因素分析框架,提出应从重新审视企业年金制度定位、探索设立简易企业年金计划、适度放宽建立企业年金计划的条件、适时优化企业年金计划各运作环节的政策设计、扎实推进企业年金政策宣传工作等方面入手,推动我国企业年金扩面工作的高质量开展。

心理惯性视角下农户参与耕地面源污染治理意愿研究——以施用有机肥为例

为考察农户参与耕地面源污染治理意愿,促进农业绿色转型,基于河南省驻马店市507份实地调研数据,运用ELM理论,结合心理惯性,构建农户施用有机肥意愿影响因素模型,同时考虑具有不同调节定向特质的农户对信息加工的差异。结果表明:中心路径和边缘路径对农户感知价值的信息加工均有显著影响,影响大小为价格价值(0.292)、意见领袖(0.278)、评论效价(0.237)、产品效用(2.137)。总的来看,农户有机肥价值感知受边缘路径的影响作用更大;感知价值(0.536)显著影响农户的有机肥施用意愿;心理惯性(-0.074)削弱了感知价值与施用有机肥意愿之间的影响;促进定向(0.114)特质农户强化了评论效价与感知价值之间的作用。为推动农户积极参与耕地面源污染治理应从完善有机肥补贴政策、发挥意见领袖引导作用、加强有机肥施用效果推广等方面考量。