As one of the Special Economic Zones since the reform and opening up, Zhuhai has developed during the past 30 years. Its economic development, industrial structure and ecological environment have undergone great chang...As one of the Special Economic Zones since the reform and opening up, Zhuhai has developed during the past 30 years. Its economic development, industrial structure and ecological environment have undergone great changes. Research on changes in Zhuhai’s land ecological security is of great significance. Using relevant data from 2007-2012, this study established a land ecological security assessment system based on the PSR conceptual framework model. The system contained 18 indicators from 3 aspects according to the concrete features of Zhuhai. Then we used the matterelement analysis and the improved entropy weight to analyze and evaluate the land ecological security of Zhuhai. The results showed that: from 2007 to 2012, the levels of the land ecological security of Zhuhai were “secure”, and the value increased year by year;as the land ecological security response value increased, Zhuhai was capable of solving land ecosystem problems. However, it should be noted that the structure of land ecosystem in Zhuhai has not formed and that rapid expansion of construction land has caused the shortage of cultivated land and other issues. Measures should be taken to control the construction area, improve land intensive utilization and improve the land ecological security.展开更多
WRF(Weather Research and Forecast)模式参数化方案众多,不同参数化方案对降雨模拟效果有较大的影响。为研究WRF模式中云微物理、陆面过程及积云对流参数化方案组合对长江上游地区降雨模拟效果的影响,以长江宜宾至宜昌干流区间为研究区...WRF(Weather Research and Forecast)模式参数化方案众多,不同参数化方案对降雨模拟效果有较大的影响。为研究WRF模式中云微物理、陆面过程及积云对流参数化方案组合对长江上游地区降雨模拟效果的影响,以长江宜宾至宜昌干流区间为研究区域,选取5种云微物理参数化方案、2种陆面过程参数化方案和3种积云对流参数化方案共30种方案组合对该地区4场不同降雨中心落区的典型强降雨过程进行模拟,并以实测站点数据和GPM(Global Precipitation Measurement)降水数据产品为参考,采用TS评分、空报率、漏报率、准确率、平均绝对误差以及均方根误差作为评价指标,充分考虑各指标的不同影响,运用基于熵权的密切值法对降雨模拟结果进行综合评价。结果表明,WRF模式中云微物理WSM3(WRF Single-Moment 3-class)方案,陆面过程Noah(Noah Land Surface Model)方案和积云对流Grell-D(GrellDevenyi Ensemble)方案的参数化方案组合对长江上游地区降雨模拟效果较好,在该参数化方案组合下,WRF模拟的24 h日面雨量平均值的模拟结果与实测资料基本一致,模拟得到的四场典型降雨的24 h面降雨中心和降雨量级分布带均与实际降雨较为接近,大部分地区的模拟误差小于10 mm,且对小雨和中雨的模拟效果更好,此外WRF模拟降雨精度会受地形变化的影响,地形起伏加剧会降低降雨模拟精度,西南山区降雨模拟精度稍低于东北平原地区。研究结果可为流域水文预报提供重要参考。展开更多
文摘As one of the Special Economic Zones since the reform and opening up, Zhuhai has developed during the past 30 years. Its economic development, industrial structure and ecological environment have undergone great changes. Research on changes in Zhuhai’s land ecological security is of great significance. Using relevant data from 2007-2012, this study established a land ecological security assessment system based on the PSR conceptual framework model. The system contained 18 indicators from 3 aspects according to the concrete features of Zhuhai. Then we used the matterelement analysis and the improved entropy weight to analyze and evaluate the land ecological security of Zhuhai. The results showed that: from 2007 to 2012, the levels of the land ecological security of Zhuhai were “secure”, and the value increased year by year;as the land ecological security response value increased, Zhuhai was capable of solving land ecosystem problems. However, it should be noted that the structure of land ecosystem in Zhuhai has not formed and that rapid expansion of construction land has caused the shortage of cultivated land and other issues. Measures should be taken to control the construction area, improve land intensive utilization and improve the land ecological security.
文摘WRF(Weather Research and Forecast)模式参数化方案众多,不同参数化方案对降雨模拟效果有较大的影响。为研究WRF模式中云微物理、陆面过程及积云对流参数化方案组合对长江上游地区降雨模拟效果的影响,以长江宜宾至宜昌干流区间为研究区域,选取5种云微物理参数化方案、2种陆面过程参数化方案和3种积云对流参数化方案共30种方案组合对该地区4场不同降雨中心落区的典型强降雨过程进行模拟,并以实测站点数据和GPM(Global Precipitation Measurement)降水数据产品为参考,采用TS评分、空报率、漏报率、准确率、平均绝对误差以及均方根误差作为评价指标,充分考虑各指标的不同影响,运用基于熵权的密切值法对降雨模拟结果进行综合评价。结果表明,WRF模式中云微物理WSM3(WRF Single-Moment 3-class)方案,陆面过程Noah(Noah Land Surface Model)方案和积云对流Grell-D(GrellDevenyi Ensemble)方案的参数化方案组合对长江上游地区降雨模拟效果较好,在该参数化方案组合下,WRF模拟的24 h日面雨量平均值的模拟结果与实测资料基本一致,模拟得到的四场典型降雨的24 h面降雨中心和降雨量级分布带均与实际降雨较为接近,大部分地区的模拟误差小于10 mm,且对小雨和中雨的模拟效果更好,此外WRF模拟降雨精度会受地形变化的影响,地形起伏加剧会降低降雨模拟精度,西南山区降雨模拟精度稍低于东北平原地区。研究结果可为流域水文预报提供重要参考。