Otorhinolaryngological (ORL) and Cervicofacial Injuries Resulting from Road Accidents within the Otorhinolaryngology (ORL) Department of the Regional Hospital of Mamou

Introduction: Otorhinolaryngological (ORL) and cervicofacial traumas encompass injuries affecting the neck, face, and ORL region, resulting from external influence. The objective of this study was to conduct an epidemiological and clinical analysis of ORL and cervicofacial injuries observed in victims of road accidents treated at the Otorhinolaryngology (ORL) department of the Regional Hospital of Mamou. Materials and Methods: This prospective and descriptive study was conducted over a period of 12 months, from January 1st to December 31st, 2021, within the Otorhinolaryngology (ORL) department of the Regional Hospital of Mamou. It included patients hospitalized for ORL and/or cervicofacial traumas resulting from road accidents during the study period. Results: A total of 348 cases were included, representing 36.22% of all traumas related to road accidents (AVP) within the Regional Hospital of Mamou. The average age of the patients was 26.44 years, with a sex ratio of 3.83, favoring males. The dominant socio-professional category was students, encompassing 32.47% of cases. Road accidents were mainly associated with motorcycle use (31.32% motorcycle-to-motorcycle, 24.43% motorcycle skidding, 13.51% motorcycle-pedestrian). Facial region injuries were the most common, accounting for 69.03% of cases, followed by rhinological injuries (17.28%) and otological injuries (13.69%). Associated injuries were predominantly closed head traumas (52.55%) and lower limb fractures (20.41%). Imaging was underutilized. Regarding surgical interventions, reconstructive surgery was the most predominant, accounting for 52.51% of cases, with a management timeframe of 30 minutes to 12 hours for 99.72% of patients. Conclusion: Road traffic accidents remain a serious public health issue, primarily affecting young males. Emphasis should be placed on road safety measures to reduce the frequency of these accidents.

Evaluation of the Quality of Life of Patients Suffering from Chronic Rhinosinusitis in a Hospital Setting in Kinshasa

Background and objective: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), a common disease worldwide, has a major impact on patients’ quality of life (QoL). In recent years, the measurement of health-related QoL has made it possible to assess the patient’s state of health, the severity of the CRS and the treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the QoL of patients with CRS in a hospital setting in Kinshasa. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical study conducted from June 2020 to May 2021 in the ENT service of the Kinshasa University Hospital and the Monkole Hospital Center. The study involved 113 patients aged at least 18 years, whose QOL was compared with that of a control group consisting of 100 non-patients. QOL was assessed using the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) Questionnaire. Results: The mean age of the patients was 41.0 years (18 - 74 years) and that of the controls was 39.1 years (19 - 77 years). More than half of the participants were university graduates. The median SNOT-22 score was 44 (14 - 78) in patients and 7 (1 - 40) in controls. Compared with subjects without CRS, patients with CRS had significantly higher scores in all four domains of the SNOT-22. Around 9 out of 10 patients had a severely impaired QoL compared with 2 out of 10 controls. Considering mildly impaired QoL, we found that in the otological and sleep domains, scores were not significantly different between patients and controls. In the case of severely impaired QoL, however, only the otological domain showed a non-significant difference in scores between the two groups. Conclusion: CRS is a real public health problem in our environment and significantly alters the QoL of patients suffering from it, with repercussions on their professional productivity;hence the need for better management.

ESTIM ATES OF ENERGIESAND MOMENTS FOR SOLUTIONS OF BOLTZM ANN-POISSON SYSTEM

In this paper, the properties ofthe solutions ofBoltzm ann-Poisson system in three di- m ensions are considered. The estim ates ofthe energies (the kinetic and the potentialenergies) and the γ-th m om ents w ith γ∈[2,3) are obtained. The latter answ ers an open problem .

FINITE ELEMENT APPROXIMATIONS OF TWO\|PHASE MISCIBLE INCOMPRESSIBLE DISPLACEMENT WITH DISCONTINUOUS COEFFICIENTS

Two\|phase ,miscible,incompressible flow in porous media is governed by a system of nonlinear partial differential equations.Many numerical methods have been given by different authors to this system,but these methods need very high regularity conditions.Actually,in most practical applications these regularity conditions couldn't be satisfied.In this paper,the problem of discontinuous coefficients with lower regularity conditions is considered and the error estimates are demonstrated.

EFFECT OF MAGNETIC FIELD ON CALCITONIN GENE-RELATED PEPTIDE IN PERIODONTAL LIG AMENTS OF RATS

proach change of CGRP with time in periodontal ligaments of rats in magnetic field, maxillae of 28 Wistar rats of 6 7 weeks were placed in magnetic fields of permanent magnets Nd 2 Fe 4 B. Changes of CGRP with t ime in maxillary periodontal ligaments of the rats were studied by immunohistochemistry. The result showed that: magnetic field had dynamic effect and some promotional effect on recove?E F F E C T O F M A G N E T I C F I E L D O N C A L C I T O N I N G E N E- R E L A T E D P E P T I D E I N P E R I O D O N T A L L I G A M E N T S O F R A T S X. Chang , K. Qin and Y. L. Lu Orthodontic Department of Stomatology College , China Medical University , Shenyang 110001 , China Manuscript received 24 June 1999 In order to approach change of C G R P with tim e in periodontal liga m ents of rats in m agneticfield , m axillae of 28 Wistar rats of 6 7 weeks w ere placed in m agnetic fields of per m anentm agnets Nd 2 Fe4 B. Changes of C G R P with tim e in m axillary periodontal liga ments of therats were stu died by i m m unohistoche mistry . The result sho wed that : m agnetic field had dy na m ic effect an d so m e pro motional effect on recovering and reconstruction of the periodontaltissues in it . This provided a better theoretical evidence for clinical use of per m anent m agnets .

Recent promising technological developments on hearing restoration

The purpose of this paper is to review some of the promising technological developments related to hearing restoration part of ENT practice. If success-fully implemented in product or procedure form, these technologies are likely to simplify surgical pro-cedures related to hearing restoration and improve the condition of patients. The developments are com-piled from scientific sources as well as from recent patent documents and they are not yet commercially available.

Prevalence of ENT Diseases in the Mental Deficient Patients

Introduction: Patients with mental deficiency have increased health needs. They develop certain ailments more than the rest of the general population. ENT pathology includes all the ailments concerning the nose, throat and ear and is a frequent reason for consultation in our health facilities. The aim of this study was to report the prevalence of ENT diseases in mental deficient. Material and Methods: This was a prospective, longitudinal study on a population of patients received in ENT consultation, during the days of October 15, 2019 and February 18, 2020 on the occasion of health campaigns organized by the Senegal Special Olympics Association. All admitted patients were mental deficient. Results: Out of a total of 334 patients received in general consultation (all specialties combined), 61 patients underwent an ENT consultation, i.e. a prevalence of 18.26%. There were more men (N = 39) than women (N = 32). The average age of the patients was 20 years. A past history of chronic otitis media was reported in 9.83% of patients (N = 6). Functional signs were dominated by hypoacusis (N = 16). Seventy point forty-nine patients (N = 43) had otologic conditions. Thirty-four patients had trisomy 21 (64.15%). Conclusion: The prevalence of ENT diseases among the mental deficient is considerable. This study is the first of its type in Senegal which superimposes the ENT on mental deficiency.

Roadmap of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery Clinic in a Tertiary Center: A Prospective Cohort Study of 1178 Patients

Objectives: An Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery clinic is an integral part of any modern tertiary center outpatient department. The objective of this article is to present our experience in developing a local electronic Makkah Otolaryngology—Head and Neck DATABASE (MO-HND) and provide a roadmap for the development of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery clinics in other tertiary centers. Methods: This is a prospective audit of all patients attending our clinic over 3 months period (July to September 2014). The data were recorded using our MO-HND. Results: A total of 1178 patients were included. The mean age was 27.7 ± 6.7 years. Participants included 586 males (49.7%) and 592 females (50.3%). There were 1139 (96.6%) Saudi and 39 (3.4%) non-Saudi patients. The specialist clinic undertook most of the workload (66%). The majority of surgery bookings (94%) were carried out through a consultant clinic. Of all participants, 80% were diagnosed with general ENT conditions, 21% underwent a procedure in the clinic, and 29% required further investigations. The surgical conversion rate was 16.3%. Conclusion: Electronic DATABASES have become important tools for improving medical services. Primary and secondary level medical centers and hospitals should increase their role in alleviating pressure from tertiary and quaternary level hospitals. In turn, a model concentrated on subspecialty clinics and services should be developed.

Dynamic changes in physicochemical property,biogenic amines content and microbial diversity during the fermentation of Sanchuan ham

Sanchuan ham is appreciated in Yunnan Province,China,for its characteristic flavor and taste,while the microbial community structure and biogenic amines content remain unclear during fermentation processes.In this study,we explored the physicochemical property,biogenic amines concentration and microbial diversity of external and internal Sanchuan ham by high-throughput sequencing during the processing of Sanchuan ham.Results showed that the nitrite remained at a stable level of 0.15 mg/kg which was significantly lower than the national health standard safety level of 20 mg/kg.In addition,compared with fresh hams,the content of total free amino acids in ripe Sanchuan ham has grown 14 folds;sour and bitter were the main tastes of Sanchuan ham.Notably,the concentration of cadaverine was the highest of all biogenic amines during the entire fermentation period.At the bacterial phyla level,Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were the two main phyla,while at the genus level,Staphylococcus was a significant strain throughout the whole fermentation.Moreover,the dry stage has a great impact on the succession change of microbial community structure.Simultaneously,the change trends and composition of bacteria in the interior have slight discrepancies with those of the exterior of Sanchuan ham.

气候变化下西南地区主要亚热带常绿栎属乔木地理分布研究

为了解中国西南地区6种亚热带常绿栎属植物在未来气候情景下的潜在分布,该文利用最大熵模型(maximum entropy model,MaxEnt)和地理信息系统技术,结合帽斗栎(Quercusguyavaefolia)、川滇高山栎(Q.aquifolioides)、毛脉高山栎(Q.rehderiana)、高山栎(Q.semecarpifolia)、灰背栎(Q.senescens)和匙叶栎(Q.dolicholepis)的分布数据、生理生态特性、环境数据及未来2070s(2061—2080年)气候情景数据(SSPs126、SSPs245、SSPs585),分析了未来气候变化对各乔木种潜在地理分布的影响。结果表明,6种乔木MaxEnt模型的AUC均值均大于0.9,模拟效果好。温度季节性、年降水量、海拔、最冷月最低温和坡度等5个环境因子为6种栎属乔木分布的主导环境因子,即多适宜分布在温度季节性变化较小、温暖潮湿的山区。其中,川滇高山栎、毛脉高山栎和高山栎较其他3树种更适宜生长于温度偏低、温度季节性变化略大的中、高山地区。西南地区6种主要亚热带常绿栎属乔木潜在适宜区主要分布在西南地区,华中地区西部、华南地区西部和西北地区南部部分地区也有分布,高适宜区主要位于四川南部和云南西北部。在未来气候情景下,西南地区亚热带常绿主要栎属乔木适宜区面积以增长趋势为主,且向西北方向迁移。

Commentary on“Synchronized activity of sensory neurons initiates cortical synchrony in a model of neuropathic pain”

In pat i e nt s,a s well as in animal mod e l s,hypersensitivity to external stimuli(hyperalgesia and allodynia)or spontaneous pain is often the first,and the most disabling,symptom of neuropathy(Davis et al.,2020).The increased activity of sensitive neurons drives pain development,making ion channel modulation a fundamental target for current pharmacotherapy as well as one of the most investigated by the R&D departments of pharmaceutical companies(Bennett et al.,2019).

Overview of the Development of the Soybean Industry in the United States,Brazil and Argentina and Its Lessons for the Development of the Soybean Industry in China

Since the 1950s,China has gradually moved away from complete self-sufficiency in terms of soybeans to a high dependence on imports,and its annual import of soybeans accounts for about 60%of the global soybean trade.Brazil,the United States and Argentina have seen rapid growth in the soybean industry in just a few decades,and now account for about 80%of the world’s annual production.On the whole,in addition to the unique resource endowment and the continuous expansion of international market demand,the strong support of the U.S.government.

基于MaxEnt模型预测伯乐树生境适宜性评价

该研究旨在预测伯乐树的适宜分布区并识别主导其分布的环境变量,为保护伯乐树资源提供理论依据。该研究使用ENMTools筛选出126个伯乐树分布点数据。应用MaxEnt模型,模拟4种环境变量组合,气候变量,气候和土壤变量,气候、土壤和紫外变量及气候、土壤、紫外和地形综合变量。通过比较这4种模型的准确性和可靠性,探讨影响伯乐树分布的主要环境变量。基于4组环境变量的MaxEnt模型,AUC值训练集分别为0.973±0.001、0.973±0.001、0.975±0.001、0.977±0.001。结果表明,4类综合环境变量模拟模型最为稳定和可靠。伯乐树地理分布主要由气候(日温度平均范围、最干季度平均温度、最干月降水量)、土壤(基本饱和度、土壤有效水含量)、紫外(紫外线的季节性变化、紫外线最弱月份平均辐射量)、地形(高程)等4类综合环境变量影响。伯乐树的地理分布格局受多种环境因素的综合影响。4类环境变量模拟的结果更准确地反映了伯乐树的适宜分布区。该研究可为伯乐树遗传资源收集和种质资源保护提供重要的数据支持。

Stonehenge:A mysterious monument

Activity 1.Think about the following questions and write down your answers before reading the text.1.How do you feel when thinking about ancient monuments?2.Why do you think Stonehenge continues to fascinate people today?

External Otitis: Epidemiological, Clinical, Etiological, and Therapeutic Aspects at the Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Department of Mamou Regional Hospital

Introduction: External otitis (OE) is an acute or chronic inflammation or infection of the external ear resulting from an imbalance in the external auditory canal secondary to microtrauma, maceration, eczema, or a foreign body in the external auditory canal. Objective: To study cases of external otitis at the Mamou Regional Hospital. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective descriptive study conducted over a period of six (6) months from July 1st to December 31st, 2016. It included all patients admitted to the ENT department of the Mamou Regional Hospital. Results: During the study period, 712 patients were admitted to the department for various pathologies, of which 103 met our selection criteria, representing a frequency of 14.46%. The mean age of the patients was 33.74 years with a range of 1 to 90 years. Males predominated in the sample, accounting for 59.22%. The vast majority of patients resided in urban areas, constituting 61.17% of the sample. In our study, all patients consulted for otalgia (100%), and over half (53.39%) for hypoacusis. We formally identified rhinitis in 66.66% of cases, while diabetes was found in only 4 patients (11.11%). Otomycosis was the most commonly identified condition (53.39%), followed by furuncles (33.98%). Ear drops containing antibiotics were administered to all patients, although 66.60% received antibiotic therapy. Conclusion: External otitis is a relatively common condition, particularly among children and the elderly. Diagnosis can be made based on pain upon traction of the pinna and pressure on the tragus.

Infectious ENT Emergencies: A One-Year Experience at the ENT Department of Mamou Regional Hospital

Introduction: ENT infectious emergencies encompass all infectious pathologies affecting the ear, nose, sinuses, throat, and neck. A good understanding of these emergencies is essential for organizing appropriate care. In Guinea, few studies have described ENT infectious pathologies in rural areas. Objective: To study ENT infectious emergencies in the Otorhinolaryngology department of the Mamou Regional Hospital. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective and prospective descriptive study, conducted from August 1, 2021, to July 31, 2022. All patients admitted to the ENT department of the Mamou Regional Hospital for an infectious emergency were included. Results: Among the 1854 recorded consultations, 261 cases involved ENT infectious emergencies, representing a prevalence of 14.07%. The most represented age group was 0 to 10 years (31.03%), with a majority of female patients (59%) and a predominantly urban origin (81.61%). Students accounted for 32.18% of the cases. The main reasons for consultation were odynophagia/dysphagia (32.42%) and otalgia (22.94%). The primary etiologies were tonsillitis (28.73%) and otitis (27.20%). Treatments administered included probabilistic antibiotic therapy (38.80%), analgesics (32.03%), and corticosteroid therapy (10.47%). The outcome was favorable in 98.85% of cases, with only 0.38% lost to follow-up. Conclusion: The results of our study confirm the frequency of ENT infectious pathologies. Their management requires joint actions for population awareness, staff training, and services equipment, particularly in rural areas.

吉林省东部山区獐潜在适宜分布及生态廊道构建

基于在吉林省东部山区野外调查获得的96份獐(Hydropotes inermis)的位点数据及16份环境变量数据,利用MaxEnt模型和Linkage Mapper工具识别獐潜在适宜分布区及连通性,构建生态廊道,为今后开展相关研究提供基础数据及现实指导。结果表明:MaxEnt模型预测精度较高,AUC值高达0.9以上,在当前气候条件下,獐主要分布于珲春市、敦化市、白山市和集安市等海拔偏低且坡度平缓的部分地区,植被类型多为草本覆盖层。对獐潜在适宜分布区影响较大的环境因子包括植被类型-草本覆盖层、海拔、植被类型-灌溉农田、人为干扰和坡度等。以MaxEnt模型分析的獐适宜区分布情况为研究基础,构建的9条生态廊道多为水源丰富,且远离人群居住的区域。生态廊道是实行生境适宜性恢复的相关措施,廊道对保护生物多样性和调节生态系统平衡具有关键作用,相关部门可依据其重要性,为实施物种保护计划提供参考。

基于扩展Nataf变换的交直流混合系统概率潮流计算方法

随着新型电力系统高比例新能源与高比例电力电子化的“双高”特征日益凸显,交直流混合已成为中国电力系统的典型特征。伴随着可再生能源出力的随机性,交直流混合系统的潮流也表现出随机性。为此,提出一种基于扩展Nataf变换和拉丁超立方采样的交直流混合系统概率潮流计算方法。首先,建立适用于概率潮流计算的交直流混合系统潮流模型。同时,针对Nataf变换无法处理源荷相关系数矩阵非正定的情况,采用一种基于奇异值分解的扩展Nataf变换,并结合拉丁超立方采样进行交直流混合系统的概率潮流计算。此外,针对传统Gram-charlier级数存在节点电压幅值等状态变量概率为负值的情况,提出一种C型Gram-charlier级数以解决该问题。最后,在改进的57节点交直流混合系统中验证了所提方法的有效性。

Molecular Genotyping of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in Hypopharyngeal Cancer

Background: In recent years, head and neck cancers have become common worldwide, ranking sixth in incidence. In 2007, in France the incidence increased by 14,697 including 11,158 among men, which places them in fourth place. The same year, 32,268 patients were hospitalized for this pathology, but 95% are associated with alcohol and tobacco poisoning. Few data exist on these cancers in Africa and Senegal. In recent years, many studies have hypothesized that about 25% of head and neck cancers are associated with high-risk oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPV) whose role in cervical cancer was already widely established. Objective: To know the prevalence and genotypes of HPV in head and neck cancers, particularly hypopharyngeal cancer. Material and method: This study was carried out on samples of biopsies of hypopharynx cancerous tissue (ulcerative-budding lesion) and healthy oropharyngeal tissue obtained from the ENT department of the Fann hospital, then sent to the Molecular Biology Unit of the Ouakam military hospital (HMO). The nucleic acids extraction was carried out using the standard method of the Zymo research kit “Quick-DNATM Miniprep Plus kit” https://www.zymoresearch.com/. Molecular HPV detection and genotyping were performed by multiplex RT-PCR with the Seegene AnyplexTM II HPV28 kit Detection on a Biorad CFX96 automaton according to the manufacturer’s protocol for the simultaneous genotyping of 28 types of HPV including 19 at High Risk (HR) and 9 low risk (LR). Results: 156 patients were sampled, 61 Hypopharynx cancer biopsies and 95 healthy tissues. The median age of the general population was 36.5 years [12, 73];the median age of the population with hypopharyngeal cancer of 40 years. Of the general study population 24.36% (38/156) was infected with HPV. In populations with hypopharyngeal cancer, HPV prevalence was 19.67% (12/61), 17.84% (5/28) in men and 21.21% (7/33) in women. HPV6 was the most frequently encountered genotype in the cancer population. Multiple infections have also been noted in cancer patients: HPV6+HPV18, HPV6+HPV56. For patients without hypopharyngeal cancer, the HPV prevalence was 27.36% (26/95), 9.59% (7/73) in women and 89.36% (19/22) in men. Several types of HPV-HR genotypes (HPV18, HPV26, HPV69), and HPV-LR genotypes (HPV42, HPV43, HPV70, HPV6) have been detected in healthy patients but also cases of co-infections (HPV6+HPV69;HPV56+HPV44;HPV58+HPV18). Conclusion: Our results showed a higher prevalence of HPV in non-cancer patients compared to hypopharyngeal cancer patients. The genotypes (HPV 6, 18 and 56) were observed in the study population. Molecular genotyping does not show a significant involvement of HPV in hypopharyngeal cancer.

Detection of Low-Risk and High-Risk Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus in Archived Tissues from ENT Tumors in Burkina Faso

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is classified into high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) and HPV (LR-HPV) according to their oncogenic potential. These viruses can be found in the cervix, vagina, vulva, anus and in the ENT sphere. HPV ENT infections can lead to benign or malignant tumors in which we could find both LR-HPV and HR-HPV genotypes. The objective of this study was to investigate the genotypes of HR-HPV and LR-HPV in archived tissue samples derived from both benign and malignant tumors of the ear, nose, and throat (ENT) in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. One hundred and twenty formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archived tissues of the ENT sphere from 26 benign tumors and 94 malignant tumors were included. The tissues were first deparaffinized with xylem. The extracted DNA was used to test for high-risk and low-risk HPV by Real-Time Multiplex PCR. HPV DNA was found in 57.7% (15/26) of benign tumors and 43.61% (41/94) of malignant tumors. The prevalence of HPV infection was 46.67% (56/120) in all tumors combined. The most common HPV genotypes found were HPV 11 (34.28%), HPV 6 (30%), HPV56 (14.28%) and HPV 33 (8.57%). There were 21.43% (12/56) cases of genotypes co-infections with 10 cases of double infection and 2 cases of triple infection. Both low-risk and high-risk HPV are found in ENT tumors with relatively high HPV prevalence.