Helical anchor is a kind of novel foundation for floating offshore wind turbines,which should be subjected to combined tensile loading caused by wind,wave and current.However,the research about the capacity of helical...Helical anchor is a kind of novel foundation for floating offshore wind turbines,which should be subjected to combined tensile loading caused by wind,wave and current.However,the research about the capacity of helical anchor was mainly examined under uniaxial loading and scarcely explored under combined loading.In this study,three-dimensional finite element limit analysis is adopted to assess the bearing capacities of single-plate rigid helical anchors with different ratios of helix to shaft diameter,D_(H)/D_(S) and embedment ratios L/D_(S).Result shows that the vertical,horizontal and moment bearing capacities increase with increasing D_(H)/D_(S) and L/D_(S).The normalized V-H failure envelopes expands with increasing L/D_(S),while the normalized V-M failure envelopes tend to contract with the increase of D_(H)/D_(S).With increasing D_(H)/D_(S) or decreasing L/D_(S),the normalized H-M failure envelopes expand when the horizontal and moment loading act in the same direction and contract when they act in the opposite direction.The effect of D_(H)/D_(S) and L/D_(S) on the shape of H-M failure envelope become insignificant when L/D_(S)≥4.A series of failure mechanisms under different loading conditions were observed and can be used to explain the trend.Besides,a series of approximate expressions were proposed to fit the uniaxial bearing capacities and the failure envelopes.展开更多
The integration of building with solar collector was studied. The theoretical model of integration of building envelopes and flat plate solar collectors was set up and the thermal performance of integration was studie...The integration of building with solar collector was studied. The theoretical model of integration of building envelopes and flat plate solar collectors was set up and the thermal performance of integration was studied in winter and summer,and compared to envelopes without solar collectors. The results show that the solar collection efficiency is raised in the integration of building envelopes and solar collectors with the air layer doors closed. This is true whether in winter or summer. The increment is higher as the inlet water temperature increases or the ambient temperature is low. In winter,the heat loss is significantly reduced through integration of the building envelopes and solar collectors with the closed air layer doors. The integration with the open air layer door is worse than that without collectors. In summer,the heat gains of the integration of envelopes and solar collectors are more obviously reduced than envelopes without collectors,the integration with the open air layer door is a little better than the closed one,but the difference is very small.展开更多
The innovation of building envelopes is densely characterized, in the new design process, by new products of the building industry and intelligent robotic systems, making them efficient and dynamic in an eco-efficient...The innovation of building envelopes is densely characterized, in the new design process, by new products of the building industry and intelligent robotic systems, making them efficient and dynamic in an eco-efficient environmental context and spatial flexibility. The goal is that of energy efficiency and environmental sustainability that invest above all the building production sector, pushing towards a circular economy with the use of clean energy resources and new artificial intelligence systems. The intelligence is highlighted through the optimization of the performance of new lightweight envelopes, in the technological design and the new building process, through Lean planning and Lean construction, Mass customization, with application of criteria, methods and tools. So there are innovative technological solutions, for environmental comfort and energy saving, and typological solutions with high performance level, with the use of innovative, adaptive, advanced, light materials with nanoproducts, intelligent IT systems, etc. We highlight the effectiveness of design with natural passive use of renewable energy and energy efficiency of the envelope as “skin” and relative increase in performance levels, in the interaction with the internal environment and natural dynamic flows and in the conversion of thermal and electrical energy. The methodologies are aimed at the application of digital technologies and soft robotic systems for the management and quality of services with technological and constructive solutions for dynamic interactive envelope and intelligent systems of double or triple skin, curtain walls, etc. The challenge is new design models of dynamic enclosures, on criteria and methods that guide the new rules on energy efficiency in buildings, for environmental sustainability and housing quality with the integration of soft robots.展开更多
For plane singly-connected domains with insulating boundary and four point-sized contacts, C<sub>0</sub> …C<sub>3</sub>, van der Pauw derived a famous equation relating the two trans-...For plane singly-connected domains with insulating boundary and four point-sized contacts, C<sub>0</sub> …C<sub>3</sub>, van der Pauw derived a famous equation relating the two trans-resistances R<sub>01,23</sub>, R<sub>12,30</sub> with the sheet resistance without any other parameters. If the domain has one hole van der Pauw’s equation becomes an inequality with upper and lower bounds, the envelopes. This was conjectured by Szymański et al. in 2013, and only recently it was proven by Miyoshi et al. with elaborate mathematical tools. The present article gives new proofs closer to physical intuition and partly with simpler mathematics. It relies heavily on conformal transformation and it expresses for the first time the trans-resistances and the lower envelope in terms of Jacobi functions, elliptic integrals, and the modular lambda elliptic function. New simple formulae for the asymptotic limit of a very large hole are also given.展开更多
The integral of the pulse self-demodulation in acoustic parametric array can be calculated in light of the Fourier convolution theorem.Instead of a rectangular pulse with two discontinuous edges,two kinds of primary e...The integral of the pulse self-demodulation in acoustic parametric array can be calculated in light of the Fourier convolution theorem.Instead of a rectangular pulse with two discontinuous edges,two kinds of primary envelopes are used,the waveforms and their spectra are investigated.An optimal ratio of the primary duration has been found theoretically.Experimental results support this theory.展开更多
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular implantable electronic devices(CIEDs)are implanted in an increasing number of patients each year,which has led to an increase in the risk of CIED infection.Antibacterial CIED envelopes locall...BACKGROUND Cardiovascular implantable electronic devices(CIEDs)are implanted in an increasing number of patients each year,which has led to an increase in the risk of CIED infection.Antibacterial CIED envelopes locally deliver antibiotics to the implant site over a short-term period and have been shown to reduce the risk of implant site infection.These envelopes are derived from either biologic or nonbiologic materials.There is a paucity of data examining patient risk profiles and outcomes from using these envelope materials in the clinical setting and comparing these results to patients receiving no envelope with their CIED implantation.AIM To evaluate risk profiles and outcomes of patients who underwent CIED procedures with an antibacterial envelope or no envelope.METHODS After obtaining Internal Review Board approval,the records of consecutive patients who underwent a CIED implantation procedure by a single physician between March 2017 and December 2019 were retrospectively collected from our hospital.A total of 248 patients within this period were identified and reviewed through 12 mo of follow up.The CIED procedures used either no envelope(n=57),a biologic envelope(CanGaroo®,Aziyo Biologics)that was pre-hydrated by the physician with vancomycin and gentamicin(n=89),or a non-biologic envelope(Tyrx^(TM),Medtronic)that was coated with a resorbable polymer containing the drug substances rifampin and minocycline by the manufacturer(n=102).Patient selection for receiving either no envelope or an envelope(and which envelope to use)was determined by the treating physician.Statistical analyses were performed between the 3 groups(CanGaroo,Tyrx,and no envelope),and also between the No Envelope and Any Envelope groups by an independent,experienced biostatistician.RESULTS On average,patients who received any envelope(biologic or non-biologic)were younger(70.7±14.0 vs 74.9±10.6,P=0.017),had a greater number of infection risk factors(81.2%vs 49.1%,P<0.001),received more high-powered devices(37.2%vs 5.8%,P=0.004),and were undergoing more reoperative procedures(47.1%vs 0.0%,P<0.001)than patients who received no envelope.Between the two envelopes,biologic envelopes tended to be used more often in higher risk patients(84.3%vs 78.4%)and reoperative procedures(62.9%vs 33.3%)than non-biologic envelopes.The rate of CIED implant site pocket infection was low(any envelope 0.5%vs no envelope 0.0%)and was statistically equivalent between the two envelope groups.Other reported adverse events(lead dislodgement,lead or pocket revision,device migration or erosion,twiddler’s syndrome,and erythema/fever)were low and statistically equivalent between groups(biologic 2.2%,non-biologic 3.9%,no envelope 1.8%).CONCLUSION CIED infection rates for biologic and non-biologic antibacterial envelopes are similar.Antibacterial envelopes may benefit patients who are higher risk for infection,however additional studies are warranted to confirm this.展开更多
It is now recognized that many geomaterials have nonlinear failure envelopes. This non-linearity is most marked at lower stress levels, the failure envelope being of quasi-parabolic shape. It is not easy to calibrate ...It is now recognized that many geomaterials have nonlinear failure envelopes. This non-linearity is most marked at lower stress levels, the failure envelope being of quasi-parabolic shape. It is not easy to calibrate these nonlinear failure envelopes from triaxial test data. Currently only the power-type failure envelope has been studied with an established formal procedure for its determination from triaxial test data. In this paper, a simplified procedure is evolved for the development of four different types of nonlinear envelopes. These are of invaluable assistance in the evaluation of true factors of safety in problems of slope stability and correct computation of lateral earth pressure and bearing capacity. The use of the Mohr-Coulomb failure envelopes leads to an overestimation of the factors of safety and other geotechnical quantities.展开更多
The idea of envelope of a family of plane curves is an elementary notion in differential geometry. As such, its implementation in dynamic geometry environments is quite universal(Cabri,The Geometer's Sketchpad, Ci...The idea of envelope of a family of plane curves is an elementary notion in differential geometry. As such, its implementation in dynamic geometry environments is quite universal(Cabri,The Geometer's Sketchpad, Cinderella, Geo Gebra,...). Nevertheless, most of these programs return,when computing certain envelopes, both some spurious solutions and the curves that truly ?t in the intuitive de?nition of envelope. The precise distinction between spurious and genuine parts has not been made before: This paper proposes such distinction in an algorithmic way, ready for its implementation in interactive geometry systems, allowing a ?ner classi?cation of the different parts resulting from the current, advanced approach to envelope computation and, thus, yielding a more precise output, free from extraneous components.展开更多
The optical potential ambiguity is a long-standing problem in the analysis of elastic scattering data.For a specific collid-ing system,ambiguous potential families can lead to different behaviors in the nearside and f...The optical potential ambiguity is a long-standing problem in the analysis of elastic scattering data.For a specific collid-ing system,ambiguous potential families can lead to different behaviors in the nearside and farside scattering components.By contrast,the envelope method can decompose the experimental data into two components with negative and positive deflection angles,respectively.Hence,a question arises as to whether the comparison between the calculated nearside(or farside)component and the derived positive-deflection-angle(or negative-deflection-angle)component can help analyze the potential ambiguity problem.In this study,we conducted a trial application of the envelope method to the potential ambiguity problem.The envelope method was improved by including uncertainties in the experimental data.The colliding systems of 16O+28Si at 215.2 MeV and 12C+12C at 1016 MeV were considered in the analyses.For each colliding system,the angular distribution experimental data were described nearly equally well by two potential sets,one of which is“surface transpar-ent”and the other is refractive.The calculated angular distributions were decomposed into nearside and farside scattering components.Using the improved envelope method,the experimental data were decomposed into the positive-deflection-angle and negative-deflection-angle components,which were then compared with the calculated nearside and farside components.The capability of the envelope method to analyze the potential ambiguities was also discussed.展开更多
In this paper, we prove the C^(1,1)-regularity of the plurisubharmonic envelope of a C^(1,1) function on a compact Hermitian manifold. We also present the examples to show this regularity is sharp.
In this work,the Slacks-Based Measure(SBM)model within Data Envelopment Analysis was employed to establish a set of indicators for evaluating the energy efficiency of manufacturing workshops.The energy efficiency of 1...In this work,the Slacks-Based Measure(SBM)model within Data Envelopment Analysis was employed to establish a set of indicators for evaluating the energy efficiency of manufacturing workshops.The energy efficiency of 12 Company CW’s manufacturing workshops from 2016 to 2022 was assessed.The findings indicated that aside from a few workshops operating at the production frontier,the rest exhibit significant fluctuations in energy efficiency and generally low energy efficiency.Subsequently,a combined GRA-Tobit analysis model was introduced to identify factors influencing the energy efficiency of Company CW’s manufacturing workshops.Regression analysis revealed that technological investments,employee quality,workshop production scale,investment in clean energy,and the level of pollution control all significantly impact the energy efficiency of Company CW’s manufacturing workshops.By evaluating the energy efficiency of Company CW’s manufacturing workshops and studying their influencing factors,this research aids company managers in understanding the energy efficiency of the manufacturing process.It optimizes the combination of various production elements,thereby offering effective guidance for improving the energy efficiency issues of the company’s manufacturing workshops,which can contribute to enhancing the corporation’s overall energy efficiency.展开更多
The aim of this paper is to investigate relatively flat envelopes. A necessary and sufficient condition is given for a relatively-finitely presented module to have a (mono-morphic or epic) relatively flat envelope. Th...The aim of this paper is to investigate relatively flat envelopes. A necessary and sufficient condition is given for a relatively-finitely presented module to have a (mono-morphic or epic) relatively flat envelope. Then those rings are characterized whose every relatively-finitely presented module has a relatively flat envelope which coincides with its in-jective envelope. Some known results are obtained as corollaries.展开更多
In this paper, we investigate the envelope of two special families of chords of an ellipse and prove that the envelopes are also ellipses. The obtained results are important for computerized design of the generation o...In this paper, we investigate the envelope of two special families of chords of an ellipse and prove that the envelopes are also ellipses. The obtained results are important for computerized design of the generation of envelope curves and examples are illustrated graphically with Matlab.展开更多
Aims Comparisons of climate envelopes among species have shown that niche conservatism tends to break down over time.Here,we use the Asian tree genus Platycarya(Juglandaceae)as a case study to test this tendency at re...Aims Comparisons of climate envelopes among species have shown that niche conservatism tends to break down over time.Here,we use the Asian tree genus Platycarya(Juglandaceae)as a case study to test this tendency at relatively short timescales in a single lineage.This,together with a reanalysis of the extant literature,should help evaluate prospects of using correlations between climate and spe-cies occurrence data to infer evolutionary processes.Methods We rely on species distribution models(SDMs)and multivari-ate analyses to compare current and past(Last Glacial Maximum~21ka)climatic envelopes between the two extant Platycarya spe-cies(Platycarya strobilacea and Platycarya longipes)and between mainland and Taiwan populations of P.strobilacea,paying particu-lar attention to autocorrelation issues.We also review interpreta-tions provided in similar studies comparing climate envelopes between and within species,including in studies involving native and introduced populations of the same species.Important Findings We find intraspecific but not interspecific differentiation in climate envelopes of Platycarya,despite the prediction that niche differen-tiation should be stronger between older groups.Our review also suggests that differentiation in climate envelopes need not imply rapid evolutionary divergence.Whereas SDMs can be used to raise evolutionary hypotheses to be validated with other data,we con-clude that it should not be used to directly infer short-term evolu-tionary processes.展开更多
This study presents stochastic methods to simulate wave envelopes in layeredrandom media. High-frequency Seismograms of small earthquakes are so complexdue to lithospheric inhomogeneity that seismologists often analyz...This study presents stochastic methods to simulate wave envelopes in layeredrandom media. High-frequency Seismograms of small earthquakes are so complexdue to lithospheric inhomogeneity that seismologists often analyze wave envelopesrather than wave traces to quantify the subsurface inhomogeneity. Since thestatistical properties of the inhomogeneity vary regionally, it is important to developand examine direct envelope simulation methods for non-uniform random media. Asa simple example, this study supposes planewave propagation through two-layer randommedia in 2-D composed of weak and strong inhomogeneity zones. The characteristicspatial-scale of the inhomogeneity is supposed to be larger than the wavelength,where small-angle scattering around the forward direction dominates large-angle scattering.Two envelope simulation methods based on the small-angle scattering approximationare examined. One method is to solve a differential equation for the twofrequencymutual coherence function with the Markov approximation. The other isto solve the stochastic ray bending process by using the Monte Carlo method basedon the Markov approximation for the mutual coherence function. The resultant waveenvelopes of the two methods showed excellent coincidence both for uniform and fortwo-layer random media. Furthermore, we confirmed the validity of the two methodscomparing with the envelopes made from the finite difference simulations of waves.The two direct envelope simulation methods presented in this study can be a mathematicalbase for the study of high-frequency wave propagation through randomlyinhomogeneous lithosphere in seismology.展开更多
Pepper mild mottle virus(PMMoV)is a devastating viral pathogen of pepper(Capsicum annuum)but it is unclear whether and how peppers protect against PMMoV infection.The expression of the chloroplast outer membrane prote...Pepper mild mottle virus(PMMoV)is a devastating viral pathogen of pepper(Capsicum annuum)but it is unclear whether and how peppers protect against PMMoV infection.The expression of the chloroplast outer membrane protein 24(OMP24)of C.annuum was upregulated under PMMoV infection and it interacted with PMMoV coat protein(CP).Silencing of OMP24 in either C.annuum or Nicotiana benthamiana facilitated PMMoV infection,whereas overexpression of N.benthamiana OMP24 in transgenic plants inhibited PMMoV infection.Both C.annuum OMP24(CaOMP24)and N.benthamiana OMP24(NbOMP24)localized to the chloroplast and have a moderately hydrophobic transmembrane domain that is necessary for their localization.Overexpression of CaOMP24 induced stromules,perinuclear chloroplast clustering,and accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS),the typical defense responses of chloroplasts transferring the retrograde signaling to the nucleus to regulate resistance genes.The expression of PR1 and PR2 was also upregulated significantly in plants overexpressing OMP24.Self-interaction of OMP24 was demonstrated and was required for OMP24-mediated plant defense.Interaction with PMMoV CP interfered with the self-interaction of OMP24 and impaired OMP24-induced stromules,perinuclear chloroplast clustering and ROS accumulation.The results demonstrate the defense function of OMP24 in pepper during viral infection and suggest a possible mechanism by which PMMoV CP modulates the plant defense to facilitate viral infection.展开更多
This paper presents a compact Multiple Input Multiple Output(MIMO)antenna with WLAN band notch for Ultra-Wideband(UWB)applications.The antenna is designed on 0.8mmthick low-cost FR-4 substrate having a compact size of...This paper presents a compact Multiple Input Multiple Output(MIMO)antenna with WLAN band notch for Ultra-Wideband(UWB)applications.The antenna is designed on 0.8mmthick low-cost FR-4 substrate having a compact size of 22mm×30 mm.The proposed antenna comprises of two monopole patches on the top layer of substrate while having a shared ground on its bottom layer.The mutual coupling between adjacent patches has been reduced by using a novel stub with shared ground structure.The stub consists of complementary rectangular slots that disturb the surface current direction and thus result in reducing mutual coupling between two ports.A slot is etched in the radiating patch for WLAN band notch.The slot is used to suppress frequencies ranging from 5.1 to 5.9 GHz.The results show that the proposed antenna has a very good impedance bandwidth of|S11|<−10 dB within the frequency band from 3.1–14 GHz.A low mutual coupling of less than−23 dB is achieved within the entire UWB band.Furthermore,the antenna has a peak gain of 5.8 dB,low ECC<0.002 and high Diversity Gain(DG>9.98).展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.51890913 and 51879183)the China Harbour Engineering Company (Grant No.2018-ZJKJ-01)+2 种基金the China Scholarship Councilthe State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety,Tianjin University (Grant No.HESS-2019)the State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering,Dalian University of Technology (Grant No.LP2120)。
文摘Helical anchor is a kind of novel foundation for floating offshore wind turbines,which should be subjected to combined tensile loading caused by wind,wave and current.However,the research about the capacity of helical anchor was mainly examined under uniaxial loading and scarcely explored under combined loading.In this study,three-dimensional finite element limit analysis is adopted to assess the bearing capacities of single-plate rigid helical anchors with different ratios of helix to shaft diameter,D_(H)/D_(S) and embedment ratios L/D_(S).Result shows that the vertical,horizontal and moment bearing capacities increase with increasing D_(H)/D_(S) and L/D_(S).The normalized V-H failure envelopes expands with increasing L/D_(S),while the normalized V-M failure envelopes tend to contract with the increase of D_(H)/D_(S).With increasing D_(H)/D_(S) or decreasing L/D_(S),the normalized H-M failure envelopes expand when the horizontal and moment loading act in the same direction and contract when they act in the opposite direction.The effect of D_(H)/D_(S) and L/D_(S) on the shape of H-M failure envelope become insignificant when L/D_(S)≥4.A series of failure mechanisms under different loading conditions were observed and can be used to explain the trend.Besides,a series of approximate expressions were proposed to fit the uniaxial bearing capacities and the failure envelopes.
基金Project(2006BAJ01A12-10-03) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(J50502) supported by the Leading Discipline of Shanghai Education Commission,China
文摘The integration of building with solar collector was studied. The theoretical model of integration of building envelopes and flat plate solar collectors was set up and the thermal performance of integration was studied in winter and summer,and compared to envelopes without solar collectors. The results show that the solar collection efficiency is raised in the integration of building envelopes and solar collectors with the air layer doors closed. This is true whether in winter or summer. The increment is higher as the inlet water temperature increases or the ambient temperature is low. In winter,the heat loss is significantly reduced through integration of the building envelopes and solar collectors with the closed air layer doors. The integration with the open air layer door is worse than that without collectors. In summer,the heat gains of the integration of envelopes and solar collectors are more obviously reduced than envelopes without collectors,the integration with the open air layer door is a little better than the closed one,but the difference is very small.
文摘The innovation of building envelopes is densely characterized, in the new design process, by new products of the building industry and intelligent robotic systems, making them efficient and dynamic in an eco-efficient environmental context and spatial flexibility. The goal is that of energy efficiency and environmental sustainability that invest above all the building production sector, pushing towards a circular economy with the use of clean energy resources and new artificial intelligence systems. The intelligence is highlighted through the optimization of the performance of new lightweight envelopes, in the technological design and the new building process, through Lean planning and Lean construction, Mass customization, with application of criteria, methods and tools. So there are innovative technological solutions, for environmental comfort and energy saving, and typological solutions with high performance level, with the use of innovative, adaptive, advanced, light materials with nanoproducts, intelligent IT systems, etc. We highlight the effectiveness of design with natural passive use of renewable energy and energy efficiency of the envelope as “skin” and relative increase in performance levels, in the interaction with the internal environment and natural dynamic flows and in the conversion of thermal and electrical energy. The methodologies are aimed at the application of digital technologies and soft robotic systems for the management and quality of services with technological and constructive solutions for dynamic interactive envelope and intelligent systems of double or triple skin, curtain walls, etc. The challenge is new design models of dynamic enclosures, on criteria and methods that guide the new rules on energy efficiency in buildings, for environmental sustainability and housing quality with the integration of soft robots.
文摘For plane singly-connected domains with insulating boundary and four point-sized contacts, C<sub>0</sub> …C<sub>3</sub>, van der Pauw derived a famous equation relating the two trans-resistances R<sub>01,23</sub>, R<sub>12,30</sub> with the sheet resistance without any other parameters. If the domain has one hole van der Pauw’s equation becomes an inequality with upper and lower bounds, the envelopes. This was conjectured by Szymański et al. in 2013, and only recently it was proven by Miyoshi et al. with elaborate mathematical tools. The present article gives new proofs closer to physical intuition and partly with simpler mathematics. It relies heavily on conformal transformation and it expresses for the first time the trans-resistances and the lower envelope in terms of Jacobi functions, elliptic integrals, and the modular lambda elliptic function. New simple formulae for the asymptotic limit of a very large hole are also given.
文摘The integral of the pulse self-demodulation in acoustic parametric array can be calculated in light of the Fourier convolution theorem.Instead of a rectangular pulse with two discontinuous edges,two kinds of primary envelopes are used,the waveforms and their spectra are investigated.An optimal ratio of the primary duration has been found theoretically.Experimental results support this theory.
文摘BACKGROUND Cardiovascular implantable electronic devices(CIEDs)are implanted in an increasing number of patients each year,which has led to an increase in the risk of CIED infection.Antibacterial CIED envelopes locally deliver antibiotics to the implant site over a short-term period and have been shown to reduce the risk of implant site infection.These envelopes are derived from either biologic or nonbiologic materials.There is a paucity of data examining patient risk profiles and outcomes from using these envelope materials in the clinical setting and comparing these results to patients receiving no envelope with their CIED implantation.AIM To evaluate risk profiles and outcomes of patients who underwent CIED procedures with an antibacterial envelope or no envelope.METHODS After obtaining Internal Review Board approval,the records of consecutive patients who underwent a CIED implantation procedure by a single physician between March 2017 and December 2019 were retrospectively collected from our hospital.A total of 248 patients within this period were identified and reviewed through 12 mo of follow up.The CIED procedures used either no envelope(n=57),a biologic envelope(CanGaroo®,Aziyo Biologics)that was pre-hydrated by the physician with vancomycin and gentamicin(n=89),or a non-biologic envelope(Tyrx^(TM),Medtronic)that was coated with a resorbable polymer containing the drug substances rifampin and minocycline by the manufacturer(n=102).Patient selection for receiving either no envelope or an envelope(and which envelope to use)was determined by the treating physician.Statistical analyses were performed between the 3 groups(CanGaroo,Tyrx,and no envelope),and also between the No Envelope and Any Envelope groups by an independent,experienced biostatistician.RESULTS On average,patients who received any envelope(biologic or non-biologic)were younger(70.7±14.0 vs 74.9±10.6,P=0.017),had a greater number of infection risk factors(81.2%vs 49.1%,P<0.001),received more high-powered devices(37.2%vs 5.8%,P=0.004),and were undergoing more reoperative procedures(47.1%vs 0.0%,P<0.001)than patients who received no envelope.Between the two envelopes,biologic envelopes tended to be used more often in higher risk patients(84.3%vs 78.4%)and reoperative procedures(62.9%vs 33.3%)than non-biologic envelopes.The rate of CIED implant site pocket infection was low(any envelope 0.5%vs no envelope 0.0%)and was statistically equivalent between the two envelope groups.Other reported adverse events(lead dislodgement,lead or pocket revision,device migration or erosion,twiddler’s syndrome,and erythema/fever)were low and statistically equivalent between groups(biologic 2.2%,non-biologic 3.9%,no envelope 1.8%).CONCLUSION CIED infection rates for biologic and non-biologic antibacterial envelopes are similar.Antibacterial envelopes may benefit patients who are higher risk for infection,however additional studies are warranted to confirm this.
文摘It is now recognized that many geomaterials have nonlinear failure envelopes. This non-linearity is most marked at lower stress levels, the failure envelope being of quasi-parabolic shape. It is not easy to calibrate these nonlinear failure envelopes from triaxial test data. Currently only the power-type failure envelope has been studied with an established formal procedure for its determination from triaxial test data. In this paper, a simplified procedure is evolved for the development of four different types of nonlinear envelopes. These are of invaluable assistance in the evaluation of true factors of safety in problems of slope stability and correct computation of lateral earth pressure and bearing capacity. The use of the Mohr-Coulomb failure envelopes leads to an overestimation of the factors of safety and other geotechnical quantities.
基金supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividadthe European Regional Development Fund(ERDF)under Grant No.MTM2017-88796-P
文摘The idea of envelope of a family of plane curves is an elementary notion in differential geometry. As such, its implementation in dynamic geometry environments is quite universal(Cabri,The Geometer's Sketchpad, Cinderella, Geo Gebra,...). Nevertheless, most of these programs return,when computing certain envelopes, both some spurious solutions and the curves that truly ?t in the intuitive de?nition of envelope. The precise distinction between spurious and genuine parts has not been made before: This paper proposes such distinction in an algorithmic way, ready for its implementation in interactive geometry systems, allowing a ?ner classi?cation of the different parts resulting from the current, advanced approach to envelope computation and, thus, yielding a more precise output, free from extraneous components.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12005047 and U1832105).
文摘The optical potential ambiguity is a long-standing problem in the analysis of elastic scattering data.For a specific collid-ing system,ambiguous potential families can lead to different behaviors in the nearside and farside scattering components.By contrast,the envelope method can decompose the experimental data into two components with negative and positive deflection angles,respectively.Hence,a question arises as to whether the comparison between the calculated nearside(or farside)component and the derived positive-deflection-angle(or negative-deflection-angle)component can help analyze the potential ambiguity problem.In this study,we conducted a trial application of the envelope method to the potential ambiguity problem.The envelope method was improved by including uncertainties in the experimental data.The colliding systems of 16O+28Si at 215.2 MeV and 12C+12C at 1016 MeV were considered in the analyses.For each colliding system,the angular distribution experimental data were described nearly equally well by two potential sets,one of which is“surface transpar-ent”and the other is refractive.The calculated angular distributions were decomposed into nearside and farside scattering components.Using the improved envelope method,the experimental data were decomposed into the positive-deflection-angle and negative-deflection-angle components,which were then compared with the calculated nearside and farside components.The capability of the envelope method to analyze the potential ambiguities was also discussed.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11571018 and 11331001)
文摘In this paper, we prove the C^(1,1)-regularity of the plurisubharmonic envelope of a C^(1,1) function on a compact Hermitian manifold. We also present the examples to show this regularity is sharp.
文摘In this work,the Slacks-Based Measure(SBM)model within Data Envelopment Analysis was employed to establish a set of indicators for evaluating the energy efficiency of manufacturing workshops.The energy efficiency of 12 Company CW’s manufacturing workshops from 2016 to 2022 was assessed.The findings indicated that aside from a few workshops operating at the production frontier,the rest exhibit significant fluctuations in energy efficiency and generally low energy efficiency.Subsequently,a combined GRA-Tobit analysis model was introduced to identify factors influencing the energy efficiency of Company CW’s manufacturing workshops.Regression analysis revealed that technological investments,employee quality,workshop production scale,investment in clean energy,and the level of pollution control all significantly impact the energy efficiency of Company CW’s manufacturing workshops.By evaluating the energy efficiency of Company CW’s manufacturing workshops and studying their influencing factors,this research aids company managers in understanding the energy efficiency of the manufacturing process.It optimizes the combination of various production elements,thereby offering effective guidance for improving the energy efficiency issues of the company’s manufacturing workshops,which can contribute to enhancing the corporation’s overall energy efficiency.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘The aim of this paper is to investigate relatively flat envelopes. A necessary and sufficient condition is given for a relatively-finitely presented module to have a (mono-morphic or epic) relatively flat envelope. Then those rings are characterized whose every relatively-finitely presented module has a relatively flat envelope which coincides with its in-jective envelope. Some known results are obtained as corollaries.
基金Supported by the Start-up Research Fund from Huzhou University (RK21089)。
文摘In this paper, we investigate the envelope of two special families of chords of an ellipse and prove that the envelopes are also ellipses. The obtained results are important for computerized design of the generation of envelope curves and examples are illustrated graphically with Matlab.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 41230101,41472142 and 41472143]and the China Scholarship Council.
文摘Aims Comparisons of climate envelopes among species have shown that niche conservatism tends to break down over time.Here,we use the Asian tree genus Platycarya(Juglandaceae)as a case study to test this tendency at relatively short timescales in a single lineage.This,together with a reanalysis of the extant literature,should help evaluate prospects of using correlations between climate and spe-cies occurrence data to infer evolutionary processes.Methods We rely on species distribution models(SDMs)and multivari-ate analyses to compare current and past(Last Glacial Maximum~21ka)climatic envelopes between the two extant Platycarya spe-cies(Platycarya strobilacea and Platycarya longipes)and between mainland and Taiwan populations of P.strobilacea,paying particu-lar attention to autocorrelation issues.We also review interpreta-tions provided in similar studies comparing climate envelopes between and within species,including in studies involving native and introduced populations of the same species.Important Findings We find intraspecific but not interspecific differentiation in climate envelopes of Platycarya,despite the prediction that niche differen-tiation should be stronger between older groups.Our review also suggests that differentiation in climate envelopes need not imply rapid evolutionary divergence.Whereas SDMs can be used to raise evolutionary hypotheses to be validated with other data,we con-clude that it should not be used to directly infer short-term evolu-tionary processes.
文摘This study presents stochastic methods to simulate wave envelopes in layeredrandom media. High-frequency Seismograms of small earthquakes are so complexdue to lithospheric inhomogeneity that seismologists often analyze wave envelopesrather than wave traces to quantify the subsurface inhomogeneity. Since thestatistical properties of the inhomogeneity vary regionally, it is important to developand examine direct envelope simulation methods for non-uniform random media. Asa simple example, this study supposes planewave propagation through two-layer randommedia in 2-D composed of weak and strong inhomogeneity zones. The characteristicspatial-scale of the inhomogeneity is supposed to be larger than the wavelength,where small-angle scattering around the forward direction dominates large-angle scattering.Two envelope simulation methods based on the small-angle scattering approximationare examined. One method is to solve a differential equation for the twofrequencymutual coherence function with the Markov approximation. The other isto solve the stochastic ray bending process by using the Monte Carlo method basedon the Markov approximation for the mutual coherence function. The resultant waveenvelopes of the two methods showed excellent coincidence both for uniform and fortwo-layer random media. Furthermore, we confirmed the validity of the two methodscomparing with the envelopes made from the finite difference simulations of waves.The two direct envelope simulation methods presented in this study can be a mathematicalbase for the study of high-frequency wave propagation through randomlyinhomogeneous lithosphere in seismology.
基金This work was financially supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD1401200)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-24-C-04)+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270294)Ningbo Major Special Projects of the Plan‘Science and Technology Innovation 2025’(2021Z106)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Anhui Province,China(2021B558)K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University.
文摘Pepper mild mottle virus(PMMoV)is a devastating viral pathogen of pepper(Capsicum annuum)but it is unclear whether and how peppers protect against PMMoV infection.The expression of the chloroplast outer membrane protein 24(OMP24)of C.annuum was upregulated under PMMoV infection and it interacted with PMMoV coat protein(CP).Silencing of OMP24 in either C.annuum or Nicotiana benthamiana facilitated PMMoV infection,whereas overexpression of N.benthamiana OMP24 in transgenic plants inhibited PMMoV infection.Both C.annuum OMP24(CaOMP24)and N.benthamiana OMP24(NbOMP24)localized to the chloroplast and have a moderately hydrophobic transmembrane domain that is necessary for their localization.Overexpression of CaOMP24 induced stromules,perinuclear chloroplast clustering,and accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS),the typical defense responses of chloroplasts transferring the retrograde signaling to the nucleus to regulate resistance genes.The expression of PR1 and PR2 was also upregulated significantly in plants overexpressing OMP24.Self-interaction of OMP24 was demonstrated and was required for OMP24-mediated plant defense.Interaction with PMMoV CP interfered with the self-interaction of OMP24 and impaired OMP24-induced stromules,perinuclear chloroplast clustering and ROS accumulation.The results demonstrate the defense function of OMP24 in pepper during viral infection and suggest a possible mechanism by which PMMoV CP modulates the plant defense to facilitate viral infection.
基金The authors would like to acknowledge the support from Taif University Researchers Supporting Project Number (TURSP-2020/264),Taif University,。
文摘This paper presents a compact Multiple Input Multiple Output(MIMO)antenna with WLAN band notch for Ultra-Wideband(UWB)applications.The antenna is designed on 0.8mmthick low-cost FR-4 substrate having a compact size of 22mm×30 mm.The proposed antenna comprises of two monopole patches on the top layer of substrate while having a shared ground on its bottom layer.The mutual coupling between adjacent patches has been reduced by using a novel stub with shared ground structure.The stub consists of complementary rectangular slots that disturb the surface current direction and thus result in reducing mutual coupling between two ports.A slot is etched in the radiating patch for WLAN band notch.The slot is used to suppress frequencies ranging from 5.1 to 5.9 GHz.The results show that the proposed antenna has a very good impedance bandwidth of|S11|<−10 dB within the frequency band from 3.1–14 GHz.A low mutual coupling of less than−23 dB is achieved within the entire UWB band.Furthermore,the antenna has a peak gain of 5.8 dB,low ECC<0.002 and high Diversity Gain(DG>9.98).