Renewal Design of Pedestrian Bridges from the Perspective of Environmental Behaviors

With the continuous deepening of urbanization,the focus of urban construction has shifted to internal renewal,and the phenomenon of decreased vitality caused by the spatial limitations of pedestrian bridges with a single transportation function as the main focus has gradually emerged.Based on this,environmental behavior theory is used to seek the convergence point between the material space and behavioral activities of pedestrian bridges to solve this dilemma.In this paper,the pedestrian bridge of Southwest Hospital of Army Medical University is taken as an example.Starting from the three types of spaces of pedestrian bridges,through behavior observation,interview research,and data analysis,the correlation between the material space of pedestrian bridges and the behavioral characteristics of the population is analyzed,stimulating the spatial vitality of pedestrian bridges,and providing reference for the sustainable development,construction,and renovation of pedestrian bridges.

Pro-Environmental Civic Participation in the USA: The Effects of Social Media, Pro-Environmental Lifestyle and Climate Experiences

This study addresses the link between social media use and pro-environmental civic participation considering the moderating effect of social media affordances (public realm) on one hand, and lifestyle behaviors and climate change experiences (personal realm) on the other. We combine communication theory and behavioral models and using a sample of USA individuals (N = 7225) based on the American Trends Panel to predict variations in pro-environmental behavior. We show that social networks rather than information are more effective in predicting pro-environmental behavior. Moreover, a pro-environmental lifestyle as well as climate change experiences at the community level increase the likelihood for pro-environmental participation. However, affordances related to socioeconomic variations generate variations to pro-environmental civic participation. We conclude that in order to capture the depth of pro-environmental civic participation, it is necessary to theoretically and empirically bridge between private and public expressions of pro-environmental awareness.

EFFECT OF TESTING ENVIRONMENT ON FRACTURING BEHAVIOR OF Fe_3Si BASED ALLOY

The mechanical behavior of Fes Si based alloy with B2 structure was studied by tension and fracture toughness test in various testing media. The fracture strength σb of Fe3Si alloy decreased in the following order: oxygen, air and hydrogen respectively. The fracture toughness in different testing environment showed that KIC in oxygen is 11.5±0.3MPa·m1/2, and is 8.6±0.4MPa·ml/2 in distilled water. The reduction of fracture toughness is contributed to the environmental reaction of Si with water. Addition of Al element in Fe3Si is not beneficial to improve the intrinsic ductility of Fe-14Si-3Al alloy. The scattering phenomenon of fracture strength was found, and explained by fracture mechanics. It was found by means of SEM that the fracture mode changed from transgranular in oxygen to intergranular in hydrogen gas and distilled water.

The Impact of the Cognition of Landscape Experience on Tourist Environmental Conservation Behaviors

This article explores the relationship between the tourist's cognition of the landscape experience and the environmental conservation efforts at three distinct tourist sites in mountains of southwestern China. A total of 1500 on-site questionnaire surveys were distributed and 1142 valid questionnaires were used for statistical analysis. Results from multi-group path analysis showed that both cognition of the cultural landscape experience and cognition of the natural landscape experience had positive impacts on environmental conservation behaviors and behavior intentions of tourists. Results from comparative analysis among the three tourist sites indicated that cognition of the cultural landscape experience had a stronger power to predict senior environmental conservation behaviors and behavior intentions than cognition of the natural landscape experience, whereas cognition of the natural landscape experience had more power to predict general environmental conservation behaviors and behavior intentions than cognition of the cultural landscape experience. Furthermore, our findings benefit environmental management and sustainabilityat tourist sites.

Behavior, distribution and environmental influence of arsenic in a typical lead smelter

A field study was conducted to determine the behavior and distribution of arsenic during the pyrometallurgy process in a typical SKS(Shuikoushan) lead smelter in Hunan province, China. Environmental influences of arsenic in selected samples were evaluated. Arsenic contents in all input and output samples vary from 0.11% in raw lead to 6.66% in collected dust-2. More arsenic is volatilized in blast furnace and fuming furnace(73.02% of arsenic input) than bottom blowing furnace(10.29% of arsenic input).There are 78.97%, 13.69%, 7.31% of total arsenic distributed in intermediate materials, stockpiled materials and unorganized emissions, respectively. Matte slag-2, collected dust-1 and secondary zinc oxide are hazardous based on the arsenic concentrations of toxicity characteristic leaching procedure. According to risk assessment code(RAC) guideline, arsenic in collected dust-1 poses a very serious risk to the surrounding environment, arsenic in speiss, matte slag-2, water-quenched slag and secondary zinc oxide show low risk, while arsenic in matte slag-1, collected dust-2 and post dust has no risk to the environment.

“Do Big Hands Guide Small Hands?”or“do Small Hands Guide Big Hands”:The intergenerational interactions in environmental behaviors and family influencing factors

Families'large pollution and energy consumption cannot be underestimated.In order to realize and internalize environmental awareness as a social consensus,it is imperative for every member of a household to be involved in transforming everyday behavior.Intergenerational interactions are of paramount importance.Accordingly,the focus of this study was on parent-adolescent interactions,their reciprocal impact on environmental behaviors,and the factors that have an influence on these processes.Questionnaires were employed to collect information of 684 families in 10 districts of Jinan,the capital of Shandong Province.Subsequently,interviews were conducted with 15 of these families to comprehend the tangible reasons underlying intergenerational interactions in environmental behaviors.First,a paired sample T-test was employed to compare the frequency of these interactions.The data showed that while the T values were positive in all eight compared groups,there were significant differences in seven of them.These results suggest that the impact of intergenerational interactions on environmental behaviors is not symmetrical:parents'instructions are far more frequent than adolescents'back-feeding of ecological notions.The interviews revealed that this phenomenon was generated primarily by unequal experiences between parents and adolescents because the latter do not participate in housework and family projects.Furthermore,the traditional concept of intergenerational order appears to be permanent.Second,two linear regression models,a Parent-to-Adolescent model and an Adolescent-to-Parent model that encompassed several factors including family structure,intergenerational relationships,living environment,and families'social class were developed.Among these factors,the intergenerational relationship variable played a particularly significant role:the more equal and open-minded dialogs are incorporated into parent-adolescent communication,the more favorable interactions may occur for development of their environmental behaviors.Thus,when an environmental education system with families is constructed,it is imperative to promote a parent's ecological awareness with the help of grass-roots organizations by means of reasonable rewards and punishments to redress their former behaviors so as to let Big Hands Guide Small Hands.It is also crucial to enhance a more equal intergenerational relationship through parents'schooling or other relevant services so as to create a favorable atmosphere for Small Hands Guide Big Hands.

Study on Environmental Behavior of Urban Residents in Ningshan County

With the advance in urbanization,environmental problems become increasingly prominent,and environmental crisis has become a global issue. In this context,the ecological civilization has been put on the agenda. Taking Ningshan County in Shaanxi Province as an example,through questionnaire,this paper interviewed and studied environmental behavior of local urban residents. It carried out analysis on the environmental knowledge,environmental awareness,community environmental norms,environmental laws and regulations,and environmental behavior. In conclusion,with changes in environmental behavior,urban residents of Ningshan County should further strengthen their environmental awareness,and government should further improve the environmental improvement policies,make reasonable planning of communities,so as to promote improvement in the overall environmental awareness and changes in environment behavior.

Strengthening Mechanisms to Promote Tourists' Environmental Responsible Behaviors in the Context of All-for-One Tourism

The overall promotion of all-for-one tourism requires tourists' civilized behaviors. This paper focused on tourists' environmental responsible behaviors in the context of all-for-one tourism. On the basis of clarifying the connotation, dimension and driving factors of tourists' environmental responsible behaviors, this paper firstly analyzed the relationship between all-for-one tourism and tourists' environmental responsible behaviors, and proposed that the development of all-for-one tourism was an important path to optimize and upgrade China's tourism industry and a new concept of sustainable development of tourism industry. The emergence of all-for-one tourism has formed a new tourism trend, which will drive tourists to behave more civilly. Tourists' environmental responsible behaviors are a "subject and share" concept, and from tourists' point of view, all-for-one tourism development is the most basic requirement. Secondly, based on the theory of "value-belief-norm", this paper focused on the strengthening mechanism of "interaction effect" between all-for-one tourism and tourists' environmental responsible behaviors, and put forward the idea of "double internalization strengthening" to guide tourists' environmental responsible behaviors from being passive to active, from individuals to groups. Finally, this paper discussed the promotion of environmental responsible behaviors of tourist's specific strategies from two aspects, "external drive" and "internal drive" to enhance the level of all-for-one tourism construction and strengthen the environment responsibility of tourists. "External drives" were as follows:(1) to make a scientific development plan to implement the "host and guest sharing" mechanism;(2) to optimize the landscape, the environment, services, enhance the local attachment of visitors;(3) to improve the infrastructure system, pay attention to the details of visitors' experience;(4) to strengthen environment education and publicity, deepening the quality of tourists' civilization construction, and strengthen the environmental responsible behaviors of tourists. "Internal drives" were as follows:(1) to strengthen the sense of environmental responsibility of tourists;(2) to establish a model of environmental responsible behaviors;(3) to strengthen the supervision of environmental responsible behaviors.

Behavior configuration of tea farmers’ participation in ecotourism environmental responsibility from the perspective of system theory

The coordination and optimization of eco-tourism development and world heritage protection are related to the sustainable development of the two,and the behavior of tea farmers is affected by the multiple subjects of rural production and living system,which has nonlinear and complex characteristics.In view of this,based on the theory of human-land system,this study is using system theory and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis(fsQCA)to explore the internal mechanism of tea farmers‘environmental responsibility behavior.The results show that:(1)single factor,infrastructure environment perception constitutes a necessary condition for environmental responsibility behavior,and there is equivalence between infrastructure environment perception,Cultural environment perception,external intervention perception and environmental supervision perception.(2)Infrastructure environment perception and cultural environment perception are important internal driving forces for high environmental responsibility behavior,while external intervention perception and environmental supervision perception constitute external traction.(3)Infrastructure environment perception and cultural environment perception exist in all configurations in a single or common form.This provides enlightenment for changing the governance logic of ecotourism and improving the governance performance of ecotourism.

The Space Dissimilation of Stakeholders' Environment Cognitive and Behavior Preference Response in the Area from Returning Fazing Land to Grasslands

The cognition and attitudes of resources environment affect environmental behavior of behavior subject,the changes of attitude and behavior become one of the key factors of influencing harmonious and healthy development of ecological environment. With PRA survey method for obtaining questionnaire data and based on behavior geography and social psychology theory,farming-pastoral,dry grassland,desert grassland, typical project village alpine grassland of returning fazing land to grasslands as an example,with main body cognitive perspective of the aid of resources,the article analyzed space dissimilation of stakeholders environmental cognitive and behavior preference response in the area of returning grazing land to grasslands from ecological environment from policy environment,ecological environment and family economic environment aspects. The results showed that： stakeholders judgment of Grassland degradation in different ecological function area had obvious regularity,the cognitive proportion of Grassland degradation gradually increase from farming-pastora to alpine savanes. The satisfaction from returning grazing land to grasslands showed a changing tendency of reversed U. stakeholders had more strongly negative cognition in the area of dry steppe and desertsteppe. From farming-pastoral to alpine savanes,the economic environment tend to worse situation. Negative environmental behaviors tend to increase,Positive behavior on the contrary.

INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENT ON TENSILE BEHAVIOR OF Ni_3Al SYNTHESIZED UNDER COMPRESSION

Self propagating high temperature synthesis(SHS) under compression was utilized to obtain an intermetallic compound Ni_3 Al by using elemental powders.The microstructure of the SHS product was observed by optical microscopy(OM) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The results reveal that the SHS Ni3Al is a single-phase polycrystalline alloy wilh LI2 crystal structure.Tensile tests were conducted from room temperature to 800℃ both in air and in vacuum.The results show that the SHS Ni_3Al exhibits an anomalous temperature dependence of ultimate tensile strength.The ultimate tensile strength in vacuum is much higher than that in air over the whole temperature range.Fracture surfaces are characterized by the brittle grain boundary fracture and the intergranular fracture mode can not be affected markedly by the test environment.

Does Environmental Risk Affect Human Migration Behavior?

This study tests the influence of environmental risks associated with floods, hurricanes, and hazardous material releases on human migration behavior. With close attention to a function of environmental risk factors, socio-demographic attributes, hazard risk and locational attributes were measured and correlated to the standardized number of recent arrivals and long term residents at the census tract level. Two groups (i.e., recent arrivals and long-term residents) were created to compare their moving behavior. The results indicate that flood risk showed little relationship to either recent arrivals or long-term residents. These results are consistent with past research which suggests that people tend to ignore their vulnerability to natural hazards. However, both groups had negative relationships to the risk from hurricanes and hazardous material releases. This counter-intuitive result suggests that other factors, such as proximity to employment opportunities or property tax advantages, need to be examined. In particular, the recent arrivals were negatively related to chemical risk while long-term residents were positively related to chemical risks, indicating that people that just arrived and old residents are somewhat different in perceiving environmental risks. In addition, the results of this study suggest that people are objective about environmental risks in selecting their habitat. However, once the habitat is settled, people’s perception of the risks may be interfered or reduced by other factors.

An Investigation of Taiwan Residents Nursing Students’ English Learning Behaviors and Environmental Factors Related to English Learning before and after Their Internship Experiences—A Case Study

The study aimed to investigate Taiwan Residents nursing students’ English learning behaviors and environmental factors relevant to English learning before and after their internships. More than five hundred nursing students from five junior colleges in southern Taiwan served as subjects of the study. The research instrument included a 134-item questionnaire dealing with students’ personal demographic information and English learning behaviors of motivation, strategy, and anxiety. In addition, environmental factors relevant to English learning of English as the Medium of Instruction (EMI) and Internationalization at Home (IaH), as well as nursing English for practicum use were discussed. Findings revealed that some correlations among students’ English learning behaviors, environmental factors, and English levels did exist before and after their internships. Moreover, students’ internship experiences of English use also brought about some changes in their learning behaviors led to English levels. Some implications and suggestions were provided for schools and students hoping to equip students with good English skills before getting into the job market.

Environmental Enrichment and Its Effect on the Welfare of Two Asian Elephants in Africam Safari Wildlife Conservation Park (Puebla, Mexico)

Animal welfare is important in zoos to maintain the physical well-being and psychological health of individuals. An animal is considered to have welfare if it has good nutrition and also expresses its innate behavior, including sensations and feelings experienced as a result of physical health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of environmental enrichment on the behaviors of two Asian elephants in a wildlife conservation park. The behavior of two Asian elephants, a 46-year-old male and a 59-year-old female, was observed. Behavior was measured by quantifying the frequency, latency, and duration of behavioral actions. Measurements were done with ad libitum sampling during 5 days of testing, then observations were recorded with focal sampling for 25 days with environmental enrichment and 25 days without enrichment. Data were analyzed with the Chi-square statistical test using the statistical program SPSS 20, observing significant differences (P the application of environmental enrichment. The frequency of maintenance behaviors was higher when environmental enrichment was provided, and the frequency of social conducts (affiliative and agonistic) decreased. In fact, the behaviors most frequently presented by elephants with and without environmental enrichment were definitely maintenance behaviors. The environmental enrichment program helped to reduce the duration of abnormal behaviors and increase the frequency of typical behaviors of the species. It also increased independent movements within the exhibition area and helped to know each of the elephants individually in order to apply each enrichment combination according to their needs.

磺胺类药物水环境行为及水生生物毒性研究进展

磺胺类药物(SAs)在水环境中普遍存在,大部分SAs以母体分子或代谢产物形式排放到环境中,地表水、地下水、海水甚至饮用水中都能检测到低浓度的SAs。因SAs排放量大、环境假性持久性强等特点,其对水生态环境和人类健康构成潜在风险。针对SAs在水环境中的归趋问题,总结了SAs在水环境中吸附、迁移、转化、降解、生物富集等典型行为规律,进一步分析SAs对水生植物、水生动物及水生微生物产生的毒性效应。结果表明:SAs在水环境中行为的研究多集中在环境介质表面的吸附特性与规律,而对SAs依赖水动力条件的迁移转化和生物富集规律研究较少;SAs在环境介质表面的吸附主要以阳离子交换和分子结合的形式发生,吸附质表面的电荷密度是决定吸附量的重要因素;SAs在水环境中广泛存在,虽然浓度水平较低,但对水生生物造成的负面影响会产生潜在的生态风险,主要表现为干预水生植物的生长发育过程,造成水生动物的特征性畸形,干扰水中微生物的群落结构与功能,最终会对整个水环境及其循环造成宏观的影响。未来应加强SAs在水环境中衰减过程的浓度和贡献率研究以及对水生生物毒性标准化测试,以期深入研究SAs生态毒理学、解决SAs污染问题。

基于文献计量学的河流中抗生素与内分泌干扰物研究热点分析

抗生素与内分泌干扰物是近些年全球广泛关注的新污染物。基于中国知网和Web of Science数据库检索河流中抗生素与内分泌干扰物环境行为的研究动态,使用CiteSpace和VOSviewer软件进行文献计量学分析。结果表明:2000—2022年共发表该研究领域相关文献2085篇,包括399篇中文和1686篇英文文献,年发文量呈上升趋势且在过去5年迅速增长。英文文献涉及全球96个国家和2022所研究机构,中国和美国的国际表现力较为突出,发文量分别为773和251篇,其中中国科学院大学发文量位居第一且与国内外机构合作紧密。发文的期刊以环境科学类为主,多学科交叉融合,其中中英文期刊分别以《环境科学》和Science of the Total Environment发文量最多。关键词聚类与时区图谱表明,该领域当前以区域性研究为主,双酚A、壬基酚、有机氯农药等内分泌干扰物与四环素类、磺胺类、喹诺酮类等抗生素在河流中的污染特征研究较为广泛,而针对激素类内分泌干扰物的研究仍不充分,污染物在河流中的迁移、转化、去除等机理研究是当前主要方向。突现词结果表明,过去20年该领域研究可分为3个阶段,早期研究以分析方法和河流中赋存特征等污染调查为主,中期研究以探究污染物的运移归趋为主,近年来研究由生态风险评估转向河流水生态健康管理服务,发展符合区域特征的污染物管控策略与去除技术是当前热点和未来趋势。此外,由抗生素污染衍生的耐药性问题引起全球关注,抗生素抗性基因的产生和传播机制及生态与健康风险也是当前热点和未来关注的重点。

如何激发团队环保行为? 环保服务型领导的作用

本研究基于情感事件理论,探讨环保服务型领导对团队环保行为的影响。118份团队数据分析结果表明:环保服务型领导正向影响团队环保行为;团队自然敬畏情感在上述过程中起中介作用;团队集体主义取向正向调节环保服务型领导与团队自然敬畏情感的关系,也正向调节环保服务型领导经由团队自然敬畏情感对团队环保行为的间接效应。本研究揭示了团队环保行为的诱发机制,这对环保行为理论与环保管理实践具有一定启发意义。

Assessment of Environmental Health Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior among High School Students in a USA Southeast Texas School District

This cross-sectional descriptive study assessed general environmental health literacy among students focusing on their knowledge, skills, attitudes and behaviors regarding the environmental health, stewardship, and sustainability, using a questionnaire consisting of 35 core questions from the Centers for Diseases Control (CDCs). Students (N = 185) from three high schools in the district were asked through their class teachers to voluntarily complete the questionnaire. Results indicated that about 41% (n = 77) of the students lacked knowledge regarding potential sources of radiation exposure and 70% (n = 133) lacked knowledge regarding radon gas being the number one risk factor for lung cancer among non-smokers. Additionally, the ANOVA test indicated significant knowledge differences among school location. Students in school #1, located in the most affluent area, had significantly higher knowledge scores (M = 4.39) than school #2 located in a moderately affluent area (M = 3.50). Furthermore, we found significant differences in ethnicity on the environmental health attitude of the high school students. Black students reported lower positive environmental health attitude (M = 29.86) than White students (M = 32.63), Hispanic students (M = 32.33) and Asian students (M = 33.84). These findings demonstrated knowledge deficiency in some key areas in environmental health particularly the environmental diseases and conditions caused by manmade hazards such as pesticides, chemicals, radiation, air, water, and soil pollution. Targeted educational interventions to increase awareness and understanding of health effects, exposure to environmental hazards and carcinogens as well as risks associated to direct exposure as in this study, radon and radiation, should be provided to high school students. Practical education through tours where students can observe directly and participating in laboratory experiments could empower the students to translate this knowledge into positive environmental health behaviors and practices now and in the future.