Design of Greenhouse Environment Control System Based on Internet of Things

There are some disadvantages, such as complicated wiring, high cost, poor monitoring flexibility, low accuracy and high energy consumption in traditional greenhouse environment monitoring system which based on previous wireless sensor networks （WSN）. Aiming at these problems, a greenhouse environmental parameter monitoring system had been designed based on internet of things technology in this paper. A set of control system with good robustness, strong adaptive ability and small overshoot was set up by combining the fuzzy proportion-integral-derivative （PID） control. The system was composed of a number of independent greenhouse monitoring systems. The server could provide remote monitoring access management services after the collected data were transmitted. The data transmission part of greenhouse was based on ZigBee networking protocol. And the data were sent to intelligent system via gateway connected to the internet. Compared to the classical PID control and fuzzy control, the fuzzy PID control could quickly and accurately adjust the corresponding parameters to the set target. The overshoot was also relatively small. The simulation results showed that the amount of overshoot was reduced 20% compared with classical PID control.

Analysis of the Impact of Big Data Technology on Environmental Pollution Control Audit

As China strives towards the second centenary goal,increasing attention is being paid to environmental pollution and other related issues.Concurrently,with the rapid development of big data technology,many big data solutions have been applied to environmental pollution control audits,exerting a significant impact.This paper presents the current situation of environmental pollution audits,summarizing the application of big data from the perspectives of both domestic and international research.In terms of data collection and data analysis for environmental pollution audits,cloud platform technology,and visualization technology are selected based on multiple data sources.The impact in the field of environmental pollution control audits is further analyzed.It is found that the environmental pollution audit cloud platform is not yet perfect,the technical skills of audit personnel are insufficient,and some technologies are not mature.Relevant suggestions are put forward to provide a reference for the future development of big data technology and its integration with environmental pollution control audits.

A sleep staging model for the sleep environment control based on machine learning

To date,dynamic sleep environment has been attracted the focus of researchers.Owing to the individual difference on sleep phase and thermal comfort,changes in sleep environment should be occupant-centered,and precise regulation of the environment required current sleep stages.However,few studies connected occupants and the environment through physiological signal-based model of sleep staging.Therefore,this study tried to develop a data driven sleep staging model with higher accuracy through sleep experiments collecting information.Raw database was processed and selected efficiently according to the characteristics of physiological signals.Finally,the sleep staging model with an average accuracy of 93.9%was built,and other mean indicators(precision:82.5%,recall:83.1%,F1 score:82.8%)performed well.The features adopted by model were found to come from different brain regions,and the global brain signals were suggested to play an important role in the construction of sleep staging model.Moreover,the computational processing of physiology signals should consider their characteristics,i.e.,time domain,frequency domain,time-frequency domain and nonlinear characteristics.The model obtained in this study may deliver a credible reference to advance the research on control of sleep environment.

Controlled Environment Agriculture and Its Ability to Mitigate Food Insecurity

The research objective of this review is to discuss the rationale that led to the development of Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) and investigate this agricultural approach as a potential solution to mitigate the increased pressures on food security. It describes the need for urban cultivation systems using controlled environments and how they can be harnessed to address pressures facing food security. The factors that have contributed to the growth of CEAs, education, environmental justice, and the advantages and disadvantages of growing crops in CEAs in urban areas will be discussed. The article reviews global urban cultivation systems using controlled environments, by identifying the technologies needed to establish them. The practice of CEA is being increasingly adopted worldwide and we describe urban agriculture and compare it with traditional growing systems. Indoor farming systems that integrate into existing urban infrastructure such as vertical farming and plant factories using CEAs are discussed. Indoor farming gives urban areas enhanced access to food sources, but the cost is high, however decreasing due to recent technological advances. The current review extends the literature by incorporating recent research on the topic of agriculture in urban areas and food security. This review seeks to provide additional information regarding the viability of CEA in urban areas.

Design and experiment of the environment control system for the industrialized production of Agaricus bisporus

Environment parameters are the main factors affecting the growth and development of Agaricus bisporus.Because of the requirements of environmental conditions for high-efficiency industrialized production of Agaricus bisporus,equipments for environment control were developed.Based on the variable operating equipment,a multi-factor fuzzy controller was designed to realize the comprehensive control of ambient temperature,humidity,CO2 concentration,and the temperature and moisture of the compost.The test results showed that the temperature control error was less than±0.5°C and the response speed was more than 0.5°C/h;The control error of ambient humidity was less than±2%RH,and the response speed was more than 9%RH per hour;The moistures at different points in compost ranged from 50%to 70%with a standard deviation of 4.04.The control accuracy of environmental CO2 concentration was within 200μmol/mol.The overall performance of the control system was stable and reliable,which could meet the requirements of environment factors for the growth of Agaricus bisporus.The system can provide technical support and reference for the automatic and precise control of the environment during the industrialized production of Agaricus bisporus.

Design of Environmental Monitoring and Control System for Large-scale Pig House with Fermentation Bed

The design and assembly of environmental monitoring and control system for large-scale pig house with fermentation bed helped to solve the problem of environmental automatic control in piggery.The sensors would monitor the temperature,humidity,light,wind direction,wind speed,CO2,NH3and other parameters.On-line real-time data collection was achieved.The expert system was constructed to control the temperature in piggery below 30℃,to control the air and mattress humidities higher than 65%.Under the conditions of different season or different wind speed,even in day and night,the control actuators were different.The actuators included fanning wet curtain,lighting,micro spraying,spraying,propeller fan,electric aluminum alloy shutter and spraying systems on the roof.The actuators were integrated,and they control the piggery environment simultaneously.The system also designed the remote video monitor interface,parameter-monitoring curved interface and operation interface,which provided a good man-machine interface.

Thailand's economic growth and structural development projections in the context of environmental control

Projections for 20 years of economic growth and change in the structure of the Thai economy were made for 180 sectors using a computable general equilibrium(CGE) model to compare the following four scenarios:(1) standard growth with infinite supply of factors,(2) finite land supply,(3) fixed use of agricultural chemicals,and(4) combined finite land supply with fixed use of agricultural chemicals.The computable projections suggest that the economic cost of hypothetical environmental control in agriculture is small and further weakened by urbanization.The computed structural development points to efficiency improvements specific to sectors to return the economy to balanced growth.

Flow Calculation of Water Environmental Capacity Controlling Units in a Small Watershed Based on GIS Technology

[Objeetive] We aimed to calculate the flow of controlling units in a small watershed based on GIS technology. [Method] Hydrologic analysis on Qingyi River was conducted by using ArcGIS9.0, and the controlling units with response of water-land were divided according to the riv- er monitoring sections of Xuchang City; considering the wastewater entering the river and the water from its upper reach, the runoff of controlling sections in the driest month （ with guarantee rate of 90% ） was calculated by means of isoline, runoff coefficient and hydrologic analogy method, and the calculated value of Gaocun Bridge section in Linying was contrasted with the measured value in 2010. [Result] The results showed that the cal- culated value and measured value of Gaecun Bridge section in Linying in the driest month of 2010 were 6.03 and 5.93 m^3/s respectively, with relative error of 1.69%, which revealed that the result of calculated runoff was reasonable. [ Conclusion] The way to divide controlling units was reason- able, and the calculation result of runoff was accurate and can meet the precision of water environment capacity calculation.

Coordination Control of Greenhouse Environmental Factors

Optimal control of greenhouse climate is one of the key techniques in digital agriculture.Greenhouse climate,a nonlinear and uncertain system,consists of several major environmental factors such as temperature,humidity,light intensity,and CO 2 concentration.Due to the complex coupled correlations,it is a challenge to achieve coordination control of greenhouse environmental factors.This paper proposes a model-free coordination control approach for greenhouse environmental factors based on Q-learning.Coordination control policy is found through systematic interaction with the dynamic environment to achieve optimal control for greenhouse climate with the control cost constraints.In order to decrease systematic trial-and-error risk and reduce the computational complexity in Q-learning algorithm,case-based reasoning （CBR） is seamlessly incorporated into the Q-learning process.The experimental results demonstrate that this approach is practical,highly effective and efficient.

Association between Prenatal Environmental Factors and Child Autism: A Case Control Study in Tianjin,China

Objective To investigate the association between autism and prenatal environmental risk factors.Methods A case-control study was conducted among 193 children with autism from the specialeducational schools and 733 typical development controls matched by age and gender by usingquestionnaire in Tianjin from 2007 to 2012. Statistical analysis included quick unbiased efficientstatistical tree （QUEST） and logistic regression in SPSS 20.0.Results There were four predictors by QUEST and the logistic regression analysis, maternal airconditioner use during pregnancy （OR=0.316, 95% CI： 0.215-0.463） was the single first-level node（χ2=50.994, P=0.000）; newborn complications （OR=4.277, 95% CI： 2.314-7.908） and paternalconsumption of freshwater fish （OR=0.383, 95% CI： 0.256-0.573） were second-layer predictors（χ2=45.248, P=0.000; χ2=24.212, P=0.000）; and maternal depression （OR=4.822, 95% CI： 3.047-7.631）was the single third-level predictor （χ2=23.835, P=0.000）. The prediction accuracy of the tree was 89.2%.Conclusion The air conditioner use during pregnancy and paternal freshwater fish diet might bebeneficial for the prevention of autism, while newborn complications and maternal depression might bethe risk factors.

Prevention and Control Measures of Environmental Pollution Problem Caused by Dairy Farming in Inner Mongolia

Environmental pollution problem generated in dairy farming process is the bottleneck restricting development of animal husbandry. By using the investigation data from dairy farmers of Inner Mongolia,environmental pollution problem generated by dairy farming in Inner Mongolia and its cause were analyzed,and prevention and control measures were put forward. The research result showed that weak technology support of environmental treatment and environmental-protection awareness of dairy farmer and bad application effect of pollution control technology caused by lower education degree of dairy farmer were main reasons for environmental pollution problem. We should develop dairy circular economy,advocate a moderate scale,scientifically breed,and enhance training of pollution control technology and propaganda to protect environment.

An Environmental Control System for ALS Patient Using Finger Movement

ALS is a degenerative disease which affects the patients muscular activity in feet and hands, leading to a bed ridden status. The loss of independency affects their will to live, for this reason an environmental control system to handle the home appliances and make telephone calls is proposed. The system uses a tablet as a visual human interface so that the patient can select the desired appliance by selecting the corresponding item on the tablet screen. Based on the remaining patient’s abilities an input device that detects slight finger movement is proposed. In this paper three types of input devices are considered and their performance is evaluated by four ALS patients. Their comments about the usage of the devices are discussed in this work. Finally the environmental control was implemented on an ALS patient home and their impressions were satisfactory for the patients, relatives and care-givers.

Prevention and Control of Rural Environmental Pollution Based on Rural Revitalization Strategy

In 2018,the rural revitalization strategy proposed by the No. 1 Document of the central government. Based on the current situation of rural environmental pollution in China,this paper explored the relationship between rural revitalization strategy and prevention and control of rural environmental pollution. On this basis,it analyzed the causes of serious rural environmental pollution in China,Finally,it came up with recommendations including establishing a sound rural environmental governance system,making diversified capital investment for nurturing " green farmers".

浅谈盘锦稻区土壤环境的监测、保护与治理

总结近年来盘锦稻区土壤环境监测工作的部分情况,简述稻区土壤环境监测工作的意义,介绍盘锦稻区土壤环境保护、监管与治理的相关进展,并提出强化土肥基础工作、拓宽监测范围、完善数据资料、加强环境监管、强化污染治理、加强相关培训与宣传等建议。

优质肉鸡不同环境控制下的舍内参数分布规律及性能差异性研究

【目的】明确不同饲养条件下优质肉鸡舍内环境参数变化及与生长发育的内在关联性,为优质肉鸡舍内环境参数控制提供理论依据。【方法】选取0 d龄健康的优质肉鸡L系母鸡480只,随机分成4组,每组120只,6个重复,每个重复20只,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ试验组饲养于3间密闭式环控舱内,根据生长周期分别设计不同的温湿度环境控制模式。对照组Ⅳ育雏期(0~21 d)饲养于环控舱内,后转至半封闭式普通鸡舍,测定各组鸡舍内部环境参数和鸡只体重、体尺变化和性器官发育等生长性能。【结果】(1)处于环控舱内的Ⅳ组鸡温度相对较高,达32℃以上,湿度为55%左右,NH_(3)、PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)浓度始终处于较低的状态,随着转入半封闭式普通鸡舍后与舍外温湿度差逐渐加大,各气体和粉尘浓度变化规律与舍外基本一致,均处于先降后升,O_(2)浓度则始终处于相对稳定的趋势。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组舍内新鲜空气的交换使温湿度始终维持在预设范围内,NH_(3)、CO_(2)、O_(2)、PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)等环境参数变化趋势基本与舍外一致,略低于普通半封闭式鸡舍。(2)舍外温度与O_(2)、CO_(2)和NH3的相关系数分别为0.7287、-0.7123和-0.6875(P<0.01),舍内温度与O_(2)、CO_(2)和NH_(3)的相关系数分别为0.8071、-8427和-0.7221(P<0.01),都为中等相关或强相关,说明温度对气体浓度的影响较大,相比于舍外,舍内温度与气体浓度的相关性更强。(3)8周龄时Ⅱ组体重显著高于Ⅲ和Ⅳ组(P<0.05,下同),12周龄时各组鸡体况生长发育达到顶峰,Ⅱ组体重比Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别高84、144和126 g,此时Ⅱ组体斜长、龙骨长显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组;16周龄时第Ⅱ组输卵管长度达到23.25 mm,小黄卵泡和卵巢重量分别为6.25个和10.15 g,均显著大于Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组,表明了不同环境参数控制下优质肉鸡生长及性器官发育有明显差异。【结论】不同类型鸡舍环境参数存在一定程度的生长发育和性成熟差异,密闭式环控舱环控模式更适合我国优质肉鸡健康生长及福利养殖的发展需要,优质肉鸡在不同生长周期内对于温湿度的要求不尽相同,其中Ⅱ组环控模式在不同日龄段生长及性器官发育上更具优势,建议加大推广在家禽养殖上的应用。

新型环控大棚商品兔舍夏季降温效果的研究

本试验旨在研究新型环控大棚商品兔舍夏季降温效果,选择2880只兔随机分成3个处理,每个处理20个重复,负对照组为开放式兔舍,正对照组为欧式兔舍,试验组为新型环控大棚兔舍。结果显示,夏季大棚兔舍和欧式兔舍平均温度和温湿指数为27.52℃、27.62℃和27.11、27.22,较舍外和开放式兔舍分别显著降低了5.71℃、5.61℃和4.06℃、3.96℃(P<0.05),温湿指数分别显著降低了4.51、4.40和3.24、3.13(P<0.05),大棚兔舍降温效果与欧式兔舍差异不显著(P>0.05);大棚兔舍和欧式兔舍舍内风速为1.32 m/s和1.28 m/s,较开放式兔舍分别显著提高了0.57 m/s和0.53 m/s(P<0.05),舍内二氧化碳和氨气浓度虽然有所增加,但与开放式兔舍差异不显著(P>0.05);大棚兔舍和欧式兔舍商品兔采食量、日增重显著高于开放式兔舍(P<0.05),料重比和死亡率显著低于开放式兔舍(P<0.05),商品兔出栏时间较开放式兔舍提前14 d,二者之间差异不显著。结果表明,大棚兔舍可以有效降低夏季兔舍温度,改善兔舍热环境,提高商品兔生产性能,降温效果显著优于开放式兔舍,与欧式兔舍降温效果相当。

冬季不同最小通风量模式对肉种鸡育雏育成期生长性能及环控能耗的影响

为研究冬季不同最小通风量模式对肉种鸡育雏育成期舍内环境、生长性能以及环控能耗的影响,试验测试了间歇式通风和连续式通风两种不同的最小通风量通风控制模式,分别比较了两种模式下鸡舍内主要环境质量参数、环控能耗、体重均匀度和抗体效价。结果显示:第一周,连续通风温度高于间歇通风(P>0.05),相对湿度显著低于间歇通风(P<0.05),二氧化碳浓度显著高于间歇通风模式(P<0.05),第2~10周,连续通风温度极显著高于间歇通风(P<0.01),相对湿度极显著低于间歇通风(P<0.01),二氧化碳浓度极显著高于间歇通风模式(P<0.01),同时连续通风鸡舍内环境参数波动度小于间歇通风;试验期间连续通风环控总能耗(7036.01 kW·h)低于间歇通风(7633.02 kW·h),并且连续通风种鸡体重均匀度优于间歇通风;H5N1亚型禽流感病毒抗体效价显著高于间歇通风(P<0.05),H7N9亚型禽流感病毒抗体效价极显著高于间歇通风(P<0.01)。研究表明,冬季肉种鸡育雏育成期采用连续通风的最小通风量模式对比间歇通风的最小通风量模式,可以获得更加稳定的舍内环境,雏鸡生长性能以及免疫效果更优,且能源消耗更少。