Practice Environment, Work Characteristics and Levels of Burnout as Predictors of Nurse Reported Job Outcomes, Quality of Care and Patient Adverse Events: A Study across Residential Aged Care Services

To understand how to create a stabile workforce achieving excellent quality of care and patient safety, associations between practice environments and nurse and patient outcomes have been widely studied in acute and psychiatric care hospitals. Knowing residential aged care services are challenged to tackle complex patients’ needs within certain working conditions, to what extent do nurses perceive their practice environment in geriatric care? In a cross-sectional survey, a sample of 709 registered nurses, licensed practical nurses and nurse aides employed in 25 residential aged care services completed a structured questionnaire composed of various validated instruments measuring nurse practice environment factors, nurse work characteristics, burnout, nurse reported job outcomes, quality and patient adverse events. Associations between variables across residential aged care services were examined using multilevel modelling techniques. Associations were identified between practice environment factors, work characteristics, burnout dimensions, and reported outcome variables across residential aged care services. Multiple multilevel models showed independent variables (nursing management at the unit level, workload, decision latitude, social capital, emotional exhaustion and depersonalization) as important predictors of nurse reported outcome (job satisfaction, turnover intensions), quality of care (at the unit, the last shift, and in the service within the last year) and patient adverse events (patient and family complaints, patient falls, pulmonary and urinary tract infections, and medications errors). Results suggested the importance of nurse practice environment factors, nurse work characteristics and perception of burnout on nurse and patient outcomes across their nurse practice environment. Challenging the complex care of a vulnerable and frail population executives, physicians, nursing leaders as well as nurses in their nurse practice environment shared responsibility to create working conditions achieving excellent quality and patient safety.

Tectonic Environments of the Yan-Liao Rift during Earth's Middle Age(1.7～0.75 Ga): Evidence from Mafic Dyke Swarms in Eastern Hebei, North China

During the past decade,generations of Precambrian mafic dykes/sills have been investigated and revealed in the North China Craton(NCC).Researchers identified more than 20 episodes of Precambrian dyke swarms,

Numerical simulation study on the thermal environment in heading face

Based on κ-ε turbulence model, the distributions of the velocity field, tempera- ture field, thermal comfort index, PMV-PPD （Predicted Mean Vote-Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied）, and air quality index, mean age of air were obtained of Zhouyuanshan Coal Mine in -650 m level of a heading face by CFD（Computational Fluid Dynamics）software, Airpak 2.0. Moreover, the human thermal comfort and the air quality of the heading face were analyzed with PMV-PPD and mean age of air indices, which received an intuitive visualization and accurate evaluation results. In order to create a safe, comfortable, and economical underground operating environment, a scientific, rational, and comprehensive prediction and evaluation needed to provide a theoretical and technical basis for coal mine ventilation, cooling, heat harm treatment, and prevention. Meanwhile, from the human thermal comfort and air quality to research the underground environment, it embodied the concept of being human oriented.

Pedagogical Implications for Second Language Acquisition

Second language acquisition is influenced by various factors,among which age and environment are two major factors.Language acquisition and language learning are two different concepts,but they are correlated and they interact with each other.Therefore,in second language teaching teachers and researchers should follow the rules of second language acquisition and second language learning and analyze the factors such as learners' possible errors,motivation,learning strategies and personalities.

Constraints on sedimentary ages of the Chuanlinggou Formation in the Ming Tombs, Beijing, North China Craton: LA-ICP-MS and SHRIMP U–Pb dating of detrital zircons

Detrital zircons in five sedimentary samples, MC1 to MC5, from the bottom of the Chuanlinggou Formation in the Ming Tombs District, Beijing, were dated with the LA-ICP-MS and SHRIMP U-Pb methods. Age spectra of the five samples show a major peak at 2500 Ma and a secondary peak at 2000 Ma, suggesting their provenances were mainly from the crystalline basement of the North China Craton and the Trans-North China Orogen. The youngest zircon has an age of 1673 d： 44 Ma, indicating that the Chuanlinggou Formation was deposited after this age. From sample MC4 to MC5, lithology changed from a clastic rock （fine-grained sandstone） to a carbonate rock （fine-grained dolomite）, suggesting that the depositional basin became progressively deeper. The age spectrum of sample MC5 shows a major peak at 2500 Ma and a secondary peak at 2000 Ma. Sample MC4, which is stratigraphically lower than sample MC5, only had one peak at 2500 Ma. We conclude that there was a transgressive event when sediments represented by MC5 was deposited, and seawater carried ca. 2000 Ma clastic materials to the basin where the Chuanlinggou Formation was deposited, leading to the addition of ca. 2000 Ma detritus. Our research indicates that the source area for the sediments became more extensive with time. We conclude that the Chuanlinggou Formation in the Ming Tombs District was deposited in a low-energy mud fiat sedimentary environment in the inter-supra tidal zone because it is mainly composed of silty mudstone and fine-grained sandstone with relatively simple sedimentary structures.

Educational Achievement, Age Distribution and the Disables

Educational achievement and age correlatives may have significant bearings on generation, maintenance, and sustenance of environment to disseminate education for comprehensive development of learners as permeation of learning and its diffusion rate may vary depending upon different achievements on literacy scale for different age groups. More so, for disable learners as such learners need additional initiatives and assisting environment of even more literate fellow beings constituting surroundings. From this perspective, this paper makes a descriptive analytical effort to present census （2011） results in evaluating overall literacy position and that for disable ones alongwith environment availability through simple statistical tools

Evaluate the Possibility of Cracking Pipe on Water Supply Network under the Age of Pipe

Minimizing water loss in water supply networks is one of the objectives for protecting water resources. Currently, the large amount of water loss is mainly due to leakage of the pipeline network. The leaking of pipe can be caused by incorrect construction, impacted by external forces, or corroded pipe material and aging. Therefore, to control and predict the cracking area on pipe, it is necessary to collect data about pipe conditions, approve the solution of technology improvement and define the ability of pipe capacity from setting up to the first preparing time. This paper will demonstrate how to evaluate corrosion pipe under the age of pipe and the impact level of internal pressure pipe at different times, and will put forward solution of effective leaking management on water supply network.

Archaeological sites distribution and its physical environmental settings between ca 260-2.2 ka BP in Guizhou, Southwest China

This study presents an analysis of the spatial-temporal distribution of 230 ar- chaeological sites in Guizhou Province, Southwest China for three selected time periods from the Paleolithic Age to the Shang-Zhou Dynasties. The relationship between archaeological sites distribution and environmental changes is also discussed based on paleo-environmental proxies of 6480 and δ3C recorded in stalagmites from Southwest China. The results show that： in the Paleolithic Age （260-10 ka BP）, archaeological sites were concentrated in the central, northwestern and southwestern parts of Guizhou, where the high-altitudinal karst landforms with many natural caves suitable for human habitation are developed. In the Neo- lithic Age （10-3.6 ka BP）, most of human settlements were concentrated in the central, northwestern and southwestern parts, while, a fewer sites were found on river terraces in the southern and eastern parts, and the intermontane basins in the central and western Guizhou. During the Shang-Zhou Dynasties （3.6-2.2 ka BP）, the sites were mainly distributed in the intermontane basins and on river terraces, which were suitable for primitive aerial farming. The analysis of paleo-environmental proxies of 6180 and δ3C since 260 ka BP suggested that climate fluctuations had little imPact on human settlements in this study area. The distinct physical environment, especially the spatial patterns of karst landforms and arable land played an important role in the archaeological sites distribution of Guizhou.

Study of Sediments in the Yutian-Hotan Oasis, South Xinjiang, China

Based on investigation of sediments in the Yutian-Hotan Oasis at the southernmargin of the Tarim basin, ^(14)C ages and grain-size and chemical element analyses, the followingviews are put forward in this paper.(1) Sediments in the Yutian-Hotan Oasis are composed chiefly of 'oasis soil', similar to the recentoasis soil, i.e. brown desert soil, which was formed due to pedogenesis after aeolian sand (sandyloam) and dust (loess) of 3.32-6.64 phi were deposited.(2) The ancient Yutian-Hotan Oasis represented by oasis soil was formed at 13000 a B.P. During thecold period of the past 13000 years, this region is characterized mainly by accumulation of sand anddust storms, and sandy oasis soil was developed in this region due to pedogenesis in an oasisenvironment; during the warm period, dust falls predominated along with certain current concomitants(lacustrine facies), and silty oasis soil was formed by pedogenesis. Owing to fluctuations of coldand warm climates since 13000 a B.P., sandy oasis soil was deposited alternately with silty oasissoil and lacustrine soils. Nevertheless, the Yutian-Hotan Oasis has been preserved and developingcontinuously towards the contemporary time.(3) At the latest, the oasis became an important site of human inhabitancy at 10000 a B.P., andsince then it has been an important base for the propagation and activity of local people in theTarim Basin.

Virtual reality interface devices in the reorganization of neural networks in the brain of patients with neurological diseases

Two key characteristics of all virtual reality applications are interaction and immersion. Systemic interaction is achieved through a variety of multisensory channels （hearing, sight, touch, and smell）, permitting the user to interact with the virtual world in real time. Immersion is the degree to which a person can feel wrapped in the virtual world through a defined interface. Virtual real- ity interface devices such as the Nintendo~ Wii and its peripheral nunchuks-balance board, head mounted displays and joystick allow interaction and immersion in unreal environments created from computer software. Virtual environments are highly interactive, generating great activation of visual, vestibular and proprioceptive systems during the execution of a video game. In addi- tion, they are entertaining and safe for the user. Recently, incorporating therapeutic purposes in virtual reality interface devices has allowed them to be used for the rehabilitation of neurological patients, e.g., balance training in older adults and dynamic stability in healthy participants. The improvements observed in neurological diseases （chronic stroke and cerebral palsy） have been shown by changes in the reorganization of neural networks in patients＇ brain, along with better hand function and other skills, contributing to their quality of life. The data generated by such studies could substantially contribute to physical rehabilitation strategies.

A Study of the Differences Between Children's L1 and Adults' L2 in SLA

The differences between children' s L1 acquisition and adults' L2 acquisition based on a qualitative analysis are discussed and compared.Through systematic review of the relevant literature in light of the theories of L1 and L2 acquisition between children and adults,and analysis of the factors both influencing children s L1 and adults L2 acquisition.The findings show that two different acquisitions are distinguished in such aspects as in acquisition age,device,mode,environment and motivation,which conclude that children's L1 acquisition is effortless while adults' L2 acquisition is painful.

What the Hell Am I Doing Here？ A Look at a Series of Geriatric Centers, Profile of the Institutionalized Persons and Reasons for Admission

The main objective of this study was always to know the profile of the institutionalized people in our environment, to know their reality： age, age of admission, level of dependency and evolution during their stay, years of stay, number of children, reason for admission. We use data from more than 600 patients from different residences of different backgrounds： public and private, lay and religious, rural and urban. We performed a descriptive study expressing the results in percentages with standard deviation and later evaluated the statistical significance of the differences using the student＇s t-test for the quantitative and Chi-square variables to compare qualitative variables. The results of the study are numerous and of diverse nature, because of their extension, from the general profile of the resident, to the important gender differences, attributed in principle to the different roles of each gender in the studied generations. There are also differences depending on the funding, the reason for admission or the environment. This is at the end only the beginning of a large comparative study with non-institutionalized population, in order to compare this population.

Age, Geochemistry, and Tectonic Implications of Dulaerqiao Granite, Inner Mongolia

Dulaerqiao granite is located at the Xinlin-Xiguitu-Toudaoqiao suture zone between the Erguna massif and the Xing＇an massif, northeast of Inner Mongolia. The rocks are mainly composed of K-feldspar, quartz, and plagioclase. Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb data show that this granite was deposited in the Late Carboniferous Period （308.7±2.0 Ma）. The samples are rich in alkali, Fe, and AI and low in Mg, Ca, and P. Chondrite-normalized REEs exhibit right-inclined patterns with significant negative Eu anomalies. Additionally, the granite shows high quantities of trace elements such as Zr, Hf, Th, K, and Rb and decreased quantities of Sr, P, and Ti. The chemical characteristics identified herein and a series of diagrams that distinguish different types of granite show that Dulaerqiao alkali-feldspar granites belong to the aluminous A-type granite group. Meanwhile, the initial magma crystallizes under high- temperature, low-pressure conditions resulting from a tectonic extension setting. The formation of Du- laerqiao aluminous A-type granite is related to the rejuvenation of the ancient Xinlin-Xiguitu- Toudaoqiao suture zone, which was activated by the interaction between the combined Erguna-Xing＇an massif and the Songnen massif in the Late Paleozoic Era. This aluminous A-type granite was deposited about 30 Ma after the collision.

The Legacy of Alois Riegl: Material Authenticity of the Monument in the Digital Age

The Austrian art historian Alois Riegl(1858-1905)revolutionised the European concept of the monu­ment and paved the way towards the codification of the historicity of artefacts at the international level.Today,conservation work and relevant terminology still build upon the principles first outlined in his work Der moderne Denkmalkultus(1903)more than a hundred years ago.And yet,modern information/communication technologies have long challenged the idea of‘age value’(Alterswert),of a monument possessing value simply because it shows‘signs of age’(Altersspuren),through their ability to digitally recreate historical architecture in its original form and thereby to transcend the boundaries of time and space.This paper discusses the challenges and opportunities for monument preservation in the 21st century in the light of Riegl’s thoughts on how to perceive(‘visualise’)the past.It investigates the validity of Riegl’s theories in the context of today’s virtual reality/ies at a theoretical level,and their potential for advancement in preservation theory,expanding on historical thoughts rooted in 18th and 19th century preservation theories.By analysing Riegl’s commemorative values,stratigraphic picturing of history’s mate­rial debris,and fear of formlessness,this paper explores digitisation as the driving force for change in attitude from traditional,restrictive thinking to a modern way of thinking which is receptive to new technological developments,including,for example,exploring augmented and virtual realities as a means of achieving the sensory aesthetic ex­perience required by age value.

Petrogenesis and significance of early Yanshanian syenite-granite complex in eastern Nanling Range

In the eastern Nanling Range there exists the early Yanshanian syenite-granite assemblage. A representative example is the Pitou-Tabei complex composed of the Tabei syenite pluton and the Pitou syenogranite pluton in southern Jiangxi Province. U-Pb zircon dating yields ages of 188.6±2.2 Ma for the Tabei pluton and 186.3±1.1 Ma for the Pitou pluton. The Tabei syenite is characterized by relatively low SiO2 content (62.40% - 68.75%), high alkalis (K2O+Na2O = 10.56%-11.96%), low percent K2O/Na2O ratios (0.56-0.93), metaluminous fea- ture (A/CNK = 0.80-1.00), enrichment in LILE (Rb, Ba, K) and HFSE (Th, U, Nb, Ta, Zr, and so on), weakly negative to positive Eu anomalies (δ Eu = 0.63-1.82), relatively low (87Sr/86Sr)i (0.70412-0.70543), and relatively high ε Nd(t) (3.14-3.52). The Pitou syenogranite is charac- terized by high silicon content (SiO2 = 71.06%-76.28%), relatively low alkalis (K2O+Na2O = 8.10%-9.80%), high percent K2O/Na2O ratios (1.22-1.94), metaluminous feature (A/CNK = 0.94-1.07), enrichment in Rb, Th (U), K, depletion in Ba, Nb, Ta, Sr, P , Zr, Ti, high ΣREE (av- eraging 451.03 μg/g), strong negative Eu anomalies (δ Eu = 0.27-0.33), relatively high (87Sr/86Sr)i (0.70805-0.70912), and relatively low ε Nd( t ) (?5.35-?6.29). The Tabei syenite and Pitou syenogranite both have the characteristics of A-type granites. The former is considered to be from the asthenosphere mantle, and the latter was the product of the crust-mantle mixture. They both were probably formed in a rifting setting.