In this article,the progress of marine geographic information system(MGIS) in China during 2006?2010 is reviewed with emphases on generic MGIS,advanced MGIS and MGIS-based applications.Generic MGIS can be divided into...In this article,the progress of marine geographic information system(MGIS) in China during 2006?2010 is reviewed with emphases on generic MGIS,advanced MGIS and MGIS-based applications.Generic MGIS can be divided into two categories:data-oriented MGIS and user-oriented MGIS,recent achievements of which by Chinese researchers are summarized respectively.Advanced MGIS mainly involves the establishment of 3D virtual marine environment and 'Digital Ocean'.An overview of the 3D MGIS based simulations in the context of ocean phenomena,ocean engineering and ocean battlefield is also presented.Several sug-gestions for future development of MGIS in China are proposed,and trends of development are addressed.展开更多
In this research, the residential environment index system and evaluation model were established by means of subjective and objective methods. The methodology for establishing the evaluation system for residential env...In this research, the residential environment index system and evaluation model were established by means of subjective and objective methods. The methodology for establishing the evaluation system for residential environment was first analyzed; then the subjective evaluation data-base was established by questionnaire survey; and at the same time, the objective evaluation data-base was constructed by Geographic Information System (GIS); and then the related equation system between subjective and objective system was developed by multiple regression analysis. This research could benefit evaluation of the residential environment quality for various purposes, and also provide important rudimentary data-base for the development and improvement of residential environment for officials. Furthermore, the index system and evaluation model established in this research could construct a strong relation between subjective evaluation and objective data; and thus could provide a comprehensive, efficient and effective methodology for the evaluation of residential environment.展开更多
In this paper, we propose a novel approach to automatically building Informed Virtual Geographic Environments (IVGE) using data provided by Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The obtained IVGE provides 2D and 3D ge...In this paper, we propose a novel approach to automatically building Informed Virtual Geographic Environments (IVGE) using data provided by Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The obtained IVGE provides 2D and 3D geographic information for visualization and simulation purposes. Conventional VGE approaches are generally built upon a grid-based representation, raising the well-known problems of the lack of accuracy of the localized data and the difficulty to merge data with multiple semantics. On the contrary, our approach uses a topological model and provides an exact representation of GIS data, allowing an accurate geometrical exploitation. Moreover, our model can merge semantic information, even if spatially overlapping. In addition, the proposed IVGE contains spatial information which can be enhanced thanks to a geometric abstraction method. We illustrate this model with an application which automatically extracts the required data from standard GIS files and allows a user to navigate and retrieve information from the computed IVGE.展开更多
The Paper mainly applies multi-disciplinary theory, methods and geographic information system (GIS) technology to study the investment environment for coastal port cities. The methods of studying urban investment envi...The Paper mainly applies multi-disciplinary theory, methods and geographic information system (GIS) technology to study the investment environment for coastal port cities. The methods of studying urban investment environment using GIS prompted. In this peper, it is mentioned that the study of investment environment with GIS can be divided into 3 layers of macro scope, medium scope and micro scope in the paper. A powerful user-friendly UIEIS (Urban Investment Environment Information System) has been designed to study the urban investment environment. A series of application analysis models (including investment environment assessment models,investment site selection models, documental data management models, statistical data.graph display model, economic analysis and prediction models, network analysis models) are developed for investment environment studies in coastal port cities. Ningbo, a very important coastal port city, is chosen as a pilot study city.展开更多
The retail food environment (RFE) has a significant impact on people’s dietary behavior and diet-related outcomes. Although RFE research has received a lot of attention, there are very few studies that shed light on ...The retail food environment (RFE) has a significant impact on people’s dietary behavior and diet-related outcomes. Although RFE research has received a lot of attention, there are very few studies that shed light on the foodscape and assessment methodologies in the China context. Based on open data obtained from Dianping.com and AutoNavi map, we classified all food outlets into six types. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques were employed to create two network buffer areas (1-km and 3-km) and calculate the absolute measures and relative measures (i.e., mRFEI and Rmix). We modified the calculation of relative measures by adding items and assigning weights. The mean mRFEI using the 1-km and 3-km buffer sizes across the communities were 10.45 and 20.12, respectively, while the mean mRmix of the two buffer sizes were 20.97 and 58.04, indicating that residents in Wuhan have better access to fresh and nutritious food within 3-km network buffers. Residents in urban areas are more likely to be exposed to an unhealthy food environment than those in rural areas. Residents in Xinzhou and Qiaokou districts are more likely to be subjected to unfavorable neighborhood RFE. The open data-driven methods for assessing RFE in Wuhan, China may guide community-level food policy interventions and promote active living by shifting built environments to increase residents’ access to healthy food.展开更多
To improve China＇s residential environment evaluation system and enhance its guiding role, current research results are analyzed and summarized from three aspects including research scales, evaluation methods and app...To improve China＇s residential environment evaluation system and enhance its guiding role, current research results are analyzed and summarized from three aspects including research scales, evaluation methods and applied technology by means of comparison, induction and empirical application. The guiding role of the current macro-scale evaluation system of urban planning and construction is generally not obvious, whereas the guiding role of medium and micro-scale systems to the improvement of residential environments is improving. There are diversified methods for determining the threshold values and the weights of indices in China＇s evaluation system. For instance, the analytic hierarchy process（AHP） method is adopted to determine the weights of indices. The advantages and disadvantages of the method are analyzed on the basis of empirical calculation. In the course of comprehensive analyses, a nonlinear model can reflect interactions among indices more than a linear model; the evaluation model under the ARCGIS platform prevails since it combines space and attribute, and it has intuitive results. So far, the methodological system of China＇s residential environment evaluation has not been established; its subject coverage and research category should be expanded, and its guiding role should be enhanced.展开更多
Obesity and global warming are two major challengesthat affect communities’health and quality of life.Providing good walking environments,with appropriate pedestrian infrastructure,green areas and access to commercia...Obesity and global warming are two major challengesthat affect communities’health and quality of life.Providing good walking environments,with appropriate pedestrian infrastructure,green areas and access to commercial retail and transport hubs favour liveable,healthy,and sustainable cities.The Lisbon City Hall has implemented an intervention program in the public space as a strategy to improve environmental quality and mitigate the effects of climate change.The program“A square in each neighbourhood”intends not only to reinforce the economic base of Lisbon,namely tourism,restaurants,commerce,and creative activities but also to promote physical activity and improve the quality of living of all citizens.For studying the impact of the public space quality on the walking environment,Campolide,a typical Lisbon neighbourhood,Portugal,which includes one of the requalified squares,was selected.A two-step methodology based on spatial modelling is proposed.In the first step,the public space quality was evaluated based on a set of 13 urban quality attributes.Attributes,intended for the street level,were collected from open data platforms and complemented with a field survey.Then,through spatial analysis,these attributes were used to build the Pedestrian Environment Quality Indicator and the Priority Intervention Indicator.Using these indicators,walking-friendly streets were mapped and the most critical sites that require priority intervention were identified to prepare for the requalification planning process.The street with the highest quality in the study area according to the dimensions evaluated-connectivity,convenience,comfort,cleanliness,and conviviality-has a great offer of trees,bus stops,commercial establishments,commercial diversity,crossings,paper bins/eco points and esplanades.On the opposite side of the rank,the street with the lowest quality has no trees or green areas,transport stops,benches and tables,or commercial activity.The urban quality indicators constitute a helpful tool for city planners and policymakers when planning sustainable living neighbourhoods.展开更多
Temporal geographic information system(t_GIS) is a kind of computer information system that can display,process and analyze the micro_format distribution of temporal_spatial information of real world.It includes both ...Temporal geographic information system(t_GIS) is a kind of computer information system that can display,process and analyze the micro_format distribution of temporal_spatial information of real world.It includes both spatial geographic information and temporal information,and can analyze both the static geographic information and the dynamic geographic information. Three models based on t_GIS for environment dynamics,namely,the mechanism method,the experience method and the mixed method are given. t_GIS based on the environment dynamic model has more new functions than traditional GIS,such as fast I/O,inquiry,static/dynamic display and visible analysis of spatial and temporal sequence information,especially it can display the image of the evolution in the past,current and future environment through the extrapolation method within its defining region.The velocity for analogue display can be accelerated by setting up time_varying_area_function for position and attribute. Dynamic environmental information analysis systems based on t_GIS are applicable to almost all the fields related to management,display and analysis of local environmental dynamic information.For this reason,some considerations to construct distinct information systems have been enumerated in this paper,such as,the analysis information system for terrain evolution,the analysis information system for the condition of water and fertilizer of farmland,analysis and the evaluation information system for ecological environment,and the analysis information system for distribution changes of population of China,etc.展开更多
Based on Remote Sensing （RS）, Geographic Information System （GIS）, and combining Principal Component Analysis, this paper designed a numerical integrated evaluation model for mountain eco-environment on the base ...Based on Remote Sensing （RS）, Geographic Information System （GIS）, and combining Principal Component Analysis, this paper designed a numerical integrated evaluation model for mountain eco-environment on the base of grid scale. Using this model, we evaluated the mountain eco-environmental quality in a case study area-the upper reaches of Minjiang River, and achieved a good result, which accorded well with the real condition. The study indicates that, the integrated evaluation model is suitable for multi-layer spatial factor computation, effectively lowing man＇s subjective influence in the evaluation process; treating the whole river basin as a system, the model shows full respect to the circulation of material and energy, synthetically embodies the determining impact of such natural condition as water-heat and landform, as well as human interference in natural eco-system; the evaluation result not only clearly presents mountainous vertical distribution features of input factors, but also provides a scientific and reliable thought for quantitatively evaluating mountain eco-environment.展开更多
Electromagnetic radiation environment is one of the important environmental factors. In resent 20 years, the applications of electromagnetic technology became more and more popular. However, electromagnetic environmen...Electromagnetic radiation environment is one of the important environmental factors. In resent 20 years, the applications of electromagnetic technology became more and more popular. However, electromagnetic environment makes some negative impacts on the surrounding environments and human health, and Environmental Management and Research Department pay a lot attention to it. It will make a great significance if we study of the simulation technique for urban electromagnetic environment which supported by GIS. This paper presents some key technologies of the electromagnetic environment simulation, including terrain rendering, city building modeling and volume data superposition, basically realize the visualization of volume data (electromagnetic fields) based on city building model and real time mapping of virtual scene data.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China under projects 40730530 and 41076115the National Basic Research Program of China under project 2009CB723903the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China under project 2008AA121701
文摘In this article,the progress of marine geographic information system(MGIS) in China during 2006?2010 is reviewed with emphases on generic MGIS,advanced MGIS and MGIS-based applications.Generic MGIS can be divided into two categories:data-oriented MGIS and user-oriented MGIS,recent achievements of which by Chinese researchers are summarized respectively.Advanced MGIS mainly involves the establishment of 3D virtual marine environment and 'Digital Ocean'.An overview of the 3D MGIS based simulations in the context of ocean phenomena,ocean engineering and ocean battlefield is also presented.Several sug-gestions for future development of MGIS in China are proposed,and trends of development are addressed.
文摘In this research, the residential environment index system and evaluation model were established by means of subjective and objective methods. The methodology for establishing the evaluation system for residential environment was first analyzed; then the subjective evaluation data-base was established by questionnaire survey; and at the same time, the objective evaluation data-base was constructed by Geographic Information System (GIS); and then the related equation system between subjective and objective system was developed by multiple regression analysis. This research could benefit evaluation of the residential environment quality for various purposes, and also provide important rudimentary data-base for the development and improvement of residential environment for officials. Furthermore, the index system and evaluation model established in this research could construct a strong relation between subjective evaluation and objective data; and thus could provide a comprehensive, efficient and effective methodology for the evaluation of residential environment.
文摘In this paper, we propose a novel approach to automatically building Informed Virtual Geographic Environments (IVGE) using data provided by Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The obtained IVGE provides 2D and 3D geographic information for visualization and simulation purposes. Conventional VGE approaches are generally built upon a grid-based representation, raising the well-known problems of the lack of accuracy of the localized data and the difficulty to merge data with multiple semantics. On the contrary, our approach uses a topological model and provides an exact representation of GIS data, allowing an accurate geometrical exploitation. Moreover, our model can merge semantic information, even if spatially overlapping. In addition, the proposed IVGE contains spatial information which can be enhanced thanks to a geometric abstraction method. We illustrate this model with an application which automatically extracts the required data from standard GIS files and allows a user to navigate and retrieve information from the computed IVGE.
文摘The Paper mainly applies multi-disciplinary theory, methods and geographic information system (GIS) technology to study the investment environment for coastal port cities. The methods of studying urban investment environment using GIS prompted. In this peper, it is mentioned that the study of investment environment with GIS can be divided into 3 layers of macro scope, medium scope and micro scope in the paper. A powerful user-friendly UIEIS (Urban Investment Environment Information System) has been designed to study the urban investment environment. A series of application analysis models (including investment environment assessment models,investment site selection models, documental data management models, statistical data.graph display model, economic analysis and prediction models, network analysis models) are developed for investment environment studies in coastal port cities. Ningbo, a very important coastal port city, is chosen as a pilot study city.
文摘The retail food environment (RFE) has a significant impact on people’s dietary behavior and diet-related outcomes. Although RFE research has received a lot of attention, there are very few studies that shed light on the foodscape and assessment methodologies in the China context. Based on open data obtained from Dianping.com and AutoNavi map, we classified all food outlets into six types. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques were employed to create two network buffer areas (1-km and 3-km) and calculate the absolute measures and relative measures (i.e., mRFEI and Rmix). We modified the calculation of relative measures by adding items and assigning weights. The mean mRFEI using the 1-km and 3-km buffer sizes across the communities were 10.45 and 20.12, respectively, while the mean mRmix of the two buffer sizes were 20.97 and 58.04, indicating that residents in Wuhan have better access to fresh and nutritious food within 3-km network buffers. Residents in urban areas are more likely to be exposed to an unhealthy food environment than those in rural areas. Residents in Xinzhou and Qiaokou districts are more likely to be subjected to unfavorable neighborhood RFE. The open data-driven methods for assessing RFE in Wuhan, China may guide community-level food policy interventions and promote active living by shifting built environments to increase residents’ access to healthy food.
基金The National Key Technology R&D Program during the 11th Five-Year Plan(No.2006BAJ11B04-2)the Soft Science Project of the Ministry of Construction of China(No.2008-R2-25)
文摘To improve China＇s residential environment evaluation system and enhance its guiding role, current research results are analyzed and summarized from three aspects including research scales, evaluation methods and applied technology by means of comparison, induction and empirical application. The guiding role of the current macro-scale evaluation system of urban planning and construction is generally not obvious, whereas the guiding role of medium and micro-scale systems to the improvement of residential environments is improving. There are diversified methods for determining the threshold values and the weights of indices in China＇s evaluation system. For instance, the analytic hierarchy process（AHP） method is adopted to determine the weights of indices. The advantages and disadvantages of the method are analyzed on the basis of empirical calculation. In the course of comprehensive analyses, a nonlinear model can reflect interactions among indices more than a linear model; the evaluation model under the ARCGIS platform prevails since it combines space and attribute, and it has intuitive results. So far, the methodological system of China＇s residential environment evaluation has not been established; its subject coverage and research category should be expanded, and its guiding role should be enhanced.
基金This work was financed by national funds through FCT-Foundation for Science and Technology,I.P.,within the scope of the project“UIDB/04647/2020”of CICS.NOVA-Interdisciplinary Centre of Social Sciences from Universidade NOVA de LisboaThe first author was financed by national funds through the FCT,under the Norma Transitória-DL 57/2016/CP1453/CT0004.
文摘Obesity and global warming are two major challengesthat affect communities’health and quality of life.Providing good walking environments,with appropriate pedestrian infrastructure,green areas and access to commercial retail and transport hubs favour liveable,healthy,and sustainable cities.The Lisbon City Hall has implemented an intervention program in the public space as a strategy to improve environmental quality and mitigate the effects of climate change.The program“A square in each neighbourhood”intends not only to reinforce the economic base of Lisbon,namely tourism,restaurants,commerce,and creative activities but also to promote physical activity and improve the quality of living of all citizens.For studying the impact of the public space quality on the walking environment,Campolide,a typical Lisbon neighbourhood,Portugal,which includes one of the requalified squares,was selected.A two-step methodology based on spatial modelling is proposed.In the first step,the public space quality was evaluated based on a set of 13 urban quality attributes.Attributes,intended for the street level,were collected from open data platforms and complemented with a field survey.Then,through spatial analysis,these attributes were used to build the Pedestrian Environment Quality Indicator and the Priority Intervention Indicator.Using these indicators,walking-friendly streets were mapped and the most critical sites that require priority intervention were identified to prepare for the requalification planning process.The street with the highest quality in the study area according to the dimensions evaluated-connectivity,convenience,comfort,cleanliness,and conviviality-has a great offer of trees,bus stops,commercial establishments,commercial diversity,crossings,paper bins/eco points and esplanades.On the opposite side of the rank,the street with the lowest quality has no trees or green areas,transport stops,benches and tables,or commercial activity.The urban quality indicators constitute a helpful tool for city planners and policymakers when planning sustainable living neighbourhoods.
文摘Temporal geographic information system(t_GIS) is a kind of computer information system that can display,process and analyze the micro_format distribution of temporal_spatial information of real world.It includes both spatial geographic information and temporal information,and can analyze both the static geographic information and the dynamic geographic information. Three models based on t_GIS for environment dynamics,namely,the mechanism method,the experience method and the mixed method are given. t_GIS based on the environment dynamic model has more new functions than traditional GIS,such as fast I/O,inquiry,static/dynamic display and visible analysis of spatial and temporal sequence information,especially it can display the image of the evolution in the past,current and future environment through the extrapolation method within its defining region.The velocity for analogue display can be accelerated by setting up time_varying_area_function for position and attribute. Dynamic environmental information analysis systems based on t_GIS are applicable to almost all the fields related to management,display and analysis of local environmental dynamic information.For this reason,some considerations to construct distinct information systems have been enumerated in this paper,such as,the analysis information system for terrain evolution,the analysis information system for the condition of water and fertilizer of farmland,analysis and the evaluation information system for ecological environment,and the analysis information system for distribution changes of population of China,etc.
文摘Based on Remote Sensing （RS）, Geographic Information System （GIS）, and combining Principal Component Analysis, this paper designed a numerical integrated evaluation model for mountain eco-environment on the base of grid scale. Using this model, we evaluated the mountain eco-environmental quality in a case study area-the upper reaches of Minjiang River, and achieved a good result, which accorded well with the real condition. The study indicates that, the integrated evaluation model is suitable for multi-layer spatial factor computation, effectively lowing man＇s subjective influence in the evaluation process; treating the whole river basin as a system, the model shows full respect to the circulation of material and energy, synthetically embodies the determining impact of such natural condition as water-heat and landform, as well as human interference in natural eco-system; the evaluation result not only clearly presents mountainous vertical distribution features of input factors, but also provides a scientific and reliable thought for quantitatively evaluating mountain eco-environment.
文摘Electromagnetic radiation environment is one of the important environmental factors. In resent 20 years, the applications of electromagnetic technology became more and more popular. However, electromagnetic environment makes some negative impacts on the surrounding environments and human health, and Environmental Management and Research Department pay a lot attention to it. It will make a great significance if we study of the simulation technique for urban electromagnetic environment which supported by GIS. This paper presents some key technologies of the electromagnetic environment simulation, including terrain rendering, city building modeling and volume data superposition, basically realize the visualization of volume data (electromagnetic fields) based on city building model and real time mapping of virtual scene data.
