Thoughts on Integrated Monitoring of Ecological Environment at Provincial Level

The Law of Soil and Water Conservation entitles the administrations of water resources at various level to monitor ecological environment and to proclaim status of soil erosion periodically.Monitoring units of soil and water conservation approved by local governments are obliged to undertake this work.How to develop a monitoring program needs an overall and long-term concept.Particularity and objectives of ecological environment monitoring was discussed. Monitoring at provincial level may be divided into two levels:province-wide and at project level. Those indicators meaningful,sensitive to any disturbances,and simple to measure may be selected to test status of ecosystem stability and health.It makes sense to have an integrated sampling design,to set up permanent observation plots and to collect data, so that to have a relative timely,accurate understanding of ecosystems in the province.A program regarding sampling design,field methods, data analysis,documentation and implementation was detailed.

Self-Driving Algorithm and Location Estimation Method forSmall Environmental Monitoring Robot in Underground Mines

In underground mine environments where various hazards exist,such as tunnel collapse,toxic gases,the application of autonomous robots can improve the stability of exploration and efficiently perform repetitive exploratory operations.In this study,we developed a small autonomous driving robot for unmanned environmental monitoring in underground mines.The developed autonomous driving robot controls the steering according to the distance to the tunnel wall measured using the light detection and ranging sensor mounted on the robot to estimate its location by simultaneously considering the measured values of the inertial measurement unit and encoder sensors.In addition,the robot autonomously drives through the underground mine and performs environmental monitoring using the temperature/humidity,gas,and particle sensors mounted on the robot.As a result of testing the performance of the developed robot at an amethyst mine in Korea,the robot was found to be able to autonomously drive through tunnel sections with∼28 m length,∼2.5 m height,and∼3 m width successfully.The average error of location estimation was approximately 0.16 m.Using environmental monitoring sensors,temperature of 15–17◦C,humidity of 42%–43%,oxygen concentration of 15.6%–15.7%,and particle concentration of 0.008–0.38 mg/m3 were measured in the experimental area,and no harmful gases were detected.In addition,an environmental monitoring map could be created using the measured values of the robot’s location coordinates and environmental factors recorded during autonomous driving.

Ecological environment response of benthic foraminifera to heavy metals and human engineering: A case study from Jiaozhou Bay, China

The estuary and coastal zone are the key areas for socio-economic development,and they are also the important channels for pollutants transported to the sea.The construction of the Jiaozhou Bay Bridge changed the hydrodynamic condition of the bay,which made the self-purification capacity of the bay weakened and the pollution in the estuary and adjacent coastal zone become more serious.In this study,55 surface sediment samples were collected from the three seriously polluted estuaries and the adjacent coastal zone of Jiaozhou Bay to comprehensively study how the benthic foraminifera response to heavy metal pollution and human engineering,and to assess the ecological risks of the bay.A total of 80 species,belonging to 42 genera,were identified in this study.The results showed that Cu,Pb,Cr,Hg,Zn,and As had low to median ecological risks in the study area which would definitely affect the ecological system.The construction of the Jiaozhou Bay Bridge has resulted in pollutants accumulated at the river mouth of Loushan River,which has adverse effects on the survival and growth of benthic foraminifera.The lowest population density and diversity as well as the highest FAI(Foraminiferal Abnormality Index)and FMI(Foraminiferal Monitoring Index)occurred at Loushan River Estuary which indicated that the ecological environment of the northeastern part of Jiaozhou Bay(Loushan River Estuary)had been seriously damaged.Licun River and Haipo River estuaries and the adjacent coastal zone were slightly polluted and had low ecological risk.As a consequence,it suggested that the supervision of industrial and domestic waste discharge and the protection of the ecological environment in northeast Jiaozhou Bay should be paid more attention.

Temporal-spatial Analysis on Urban and Rural Drinking Water Health Monitoring of Tianjin in 2013

Objective Grasp quality and health status of drinking water, and provide scientific basis for decision making of health administrative de- partment. Method According to the Standards for Drinking Water Quality （ GB 5749 -2006）, monitoring results of Tianjin urban and rural drinking water health in 2013 were evaluated, and software SPSS 20.0 and GeoDa was used for temporal-spatial analysis on water quality. Result There were 2 882 copies of monitoring samples in total, in which both finished water and tap water of urban district were qualified, while qualified rates of tap water and secondary water supply from the county were respectively 86.36% and 93.91%, and major exceeding indexes were pH and total number of colonies. Qualified rates of tap water and secondary water supply from the county had difference（x2 = 1 576.875, P 〈0.01 ）. Quality of tap water（ X2 = 5.425, P 〉 0.05） and secondary water supply （X2 = 16.009, P 〉 0.05） was stable at temporal distribution （ January-December）, but spatial distribution of tap water had certain regional difference（x2 = 1 255.802, P 〈0.01 ）. Conclusion General quality situation of Tianjin urban and rural drinking water was better, but qualified rate of water quality in some counties was lower, which had safety risk and threatened the health of residents in the corresponding county. The related departments should enhance the supervision and management of drinking water supply, im- prove supply water quality, strengthen water quality monitoring, and guarantee drinking water safety. Geographic information system can better real- ize visualization of drinking water quality monitoring information.

The Experimental WSN Network for Underground Monitoring H2 Abundance in the Mine Atmosphere Karnasurt Mine Lovozero Layered Alkaline Intrusion

We have developed specialized equipment based on hydrogen mini-MDM sensors and the WSN telecommunication technology for long-term monitoring of hydrogen content in the environment.Unlike existing methods,the developed equipment makes it possible to carry out measurements directly in the explosion zone with high discreteness in time.This equipment was tested at a large rare-earth deposit of the Lovozero alkaline pluton Karnasurt in the underground mining tunnel.We observed a short time impulse very high concentration of hydrogen in the atmosphere(more than 3 orders of normal atmosphere concentration).This discovery is very important because at the time of the explosion one can create abnormally high concentrations of explosive mixtures of hydrocarbon gases that can leaded to accidents.The high resolving power of the our measurement equipment makes it possible in the first time in practical to determine the shape of the anomaly hydrogen of such a concentration and to calculate the volumes of hydrogen released from the rocks,at first time in the practice.The shape of the anomaly usually consists of 2-3 additional peaks of the shape-“dragon-head”like.We make an first attempt is made to explain this form of anomaly in the article.The aim of the work the estimate hydrogen emission in mining ore deposit of rare earth elements.

复杂信息环境下的情报快速反应机制研究

在科技飞速发展和大国博弈日益白热化的背景下,情报成为抢占国家发展先机的重要工具之一。在复杂信息环境的情报生产新环境和决策新要求下,本文以如何实现情报支撑国家战略决策为研究问题,通过文献调研与案例分析等方法,在总结梳理相关理论和实践经验的基础上,对情报快速反应机制的内涵、特征和决策支撑场景进行深入探究。本文创新性地提出一套适用于复杂信息环境下的“3+5+9情报快速反应机制”,以“早发现、早预判、早报告、早决策、早应对”为五大核心目标,以“联动协调、信息监测、信息资源、情报分析、应急处置、技术支撑、专家协作、组织保障、跟踪评估监督”为九大支撑子体系,适用于常态化监测、回应关切和突发应急三类重要决策支撑场景的情报工作机制,以期为未来相关实践提供较为扎实的理论基础。

基于Landsat影像的城市土地利用动态监测

土地是自然界不可或缺的资源,土地利用反映了人地关系。随着人口数量的持续增加和社会工业化、城市化的持续推进,如何科学地开发利用宝贵的土地资源越来越受到人们的重视。本文通过2013年和2023年的Landsat影像数据,结合遥感与GIS,对10年间合肥市土地资源进行监测与分析,结果表明,经过10年的城市发展,合肥市耕地面积减少了65707.92 hm 2,建设用地增长了39181.05 hm 2,林地减少了1728.27 hm 2,水域增加了28255.14 hm 2。

水生态环境遥感监测研究进展

水环境污染是影响全球水安全的突出问题之一。我国水资源分布、水资源利用和水环境差异十分明显,科学进行水生态环境监测、评估和规划,以遥感为代表的空间信息技术是必不可少的手段。分析了水生态环境存在的问题和传统监测方法的局限性,阐述了遥感技术在广域、连续和实时数据获取方面的优势,综述了遥感技术在水生态遥感监测、水环境参数遥感反演、面源污染遥感估算、重要引调水工程水生态环境监测以及突发污染事件响应中的应用进展,并展望了以流域为单元的水生态环境系统性治理、新型水生态环境遥感器技术与平台、多源数据融合与跨尺度监测以及“天空地”一体化水质监测体系的发展趋势。遥感技术发展日新月异,在水生态环境保护与管理中也必将大有作为。

Remote monitoring system for livestock environmental information based on LoRa wireless ad hoc network technology

The environmental quality of livestock houses is key to livestock breeding and directly affects the growth and health of animals.To target the characteristics of long application cycles and large coverage areas for environmental monitoring in large-scale livestock breeding,the current study designed a remote monitoring system to provide livestock environmental information based on LoRa wireless ad hoc network technology.The system consisted of collection terminals,control terminals,LoRa gateways,and Alibaba Elastic Compute Service.It realized real-time collection,wireless transmission,storage of multi-sensor node data,and remote control.The system was not limited by the selected time or region,because data interaction was achieved by accessing cloud servers using GPRS technology.Users could browse and obtain data from computers and a WeChat mini program from any location with network coverage.Additionally,the system used the improved receiver-based auto rate(RBAR)rate-adaptive algorithm in the LoRa wireless communication component.After application on a dairy farm,the results showed that the whole system collected 6140 sets of environmental data from four dairy houses.The packet loss rate was less than 1%within a communication distance of 604 m,and the communication success rate was greater than 99%.The control instructions were real-time and accurate,and the response time was less than 10 s,which met the remote control needs of large farms.The system provided powerful data and technical support for precision animal production.

基于GIS的灌区土壤投入品残留污染监测预警系统

为了解决工业发展导致的灌区土壤投入品残留污染问题,给出一种基于地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)的土壤污染监测预警系统。该系统结合VOC-PF1型传感器、STM32主控芯片和GSM通信模块,实现了高效的数据采集和通信功能。通过反距离加权(inverse distance weighted,IDW)插值法进行空间分析,并设立预警阈值,实现对灌区土壤投入品残留污染的实时监测和预警。实验结果表明:该系统的监测精度高达98%,监测时长最高为49 s,具有很高的实用性和效率。研究结果不仅为灌区土壤投入品残留污染监测提供了有效手段,也为环境保护和农业可持续发展提供有力支持。

2000—2021年图木舒克市生态环境质量动态监测与评价

为客观评价新疆图木舒克市驱动因素对其生态环境质量的影响,选取图木舒克市2000、2011年和2021年3期Landsat影像数据,耦合归一化植被指数(NDVI)、土壤湿度(WET)、干度(NDSI)、地表温度(LST)4个指标,分析主成分构建遥感生态指数(RSEI),结合研究区自然因素和社会经济因素,对图木舒克市近22 a来生态环境质量进行动态监测与评价。结果表明:(1)图木舒克市近22 a来RSEI均值从0.406升至0.476,生态环境质量变好面积远大于变差面积,改善区域主要分布在研究区中部、东南、西北地区,近22 a生态环境质量得到有效改善。(2)通过对图木舒克市驱动因素进行分析,当地生态环境质量受人口、国内生产总值(GDP)、耕地面积、气候等因素影响,在驱动因素中社会经济因素对当地生态环境质量有显著影响。(3)通过构建RSEI并分析其驱动因素对生态环境质量的影响,可以高效、准确地对当地生态环境质量进行动态监测与客观评价。

生态环境监测过程中多环节质量控制措施分析

该文阐述多环节质量控制措施在生态环境监测全程中的重要性,从生态环境监测的流程、监测的方法、仪器设备、质量控制的目标和原则、采样、样品分析和数据处理等质量控制措施方面进行论述。通过对这些环节的控制,可以保证监测数据的准确性、可靠性和可比性,为更好地保护环境和人类健康提供坚实的依据支撑。对于生态环境监测工作来说,质量控制是一个非常重要的环节,需要不断加强和完善。

关于构建新时期江苏农业农村生态环境监测体系的思考

系统梳理了农村环境监测工作现状,分析了江苏省农村环境监测工作存在的问题,突出表现在监测网络不完善、技术体系不完备、体制机制不健全、基础能力待加强、信息化水平须提升等方面。立足管理视角,以客观反映农村生态环境质量为目标,以有效服务和支撑农业农村环境监管为重点,从业务、责任、技术、保障4个方面提出了新时期江苏农业农村生态环境监测体系的建设思路。

矿山生态环境定量遥感监测与智能分析系统设计与实现

矿山生态环境监测与治理是国家生态文明建设和“双碳”目标下的重中之重,其信息化、智能化建设在新一代信息技术革命的助推下成为数字中国建设的重要一环,也是当下时代发展的必然趋势。然而,现有矿山生态环境监测系统仍然停留在单一专题、要素不全、基础量测、本地管理的初级阶段,无法满足现实环境中对矿山生态环境多要素、长时序、高频次监测与分析的需求。基于此,提出一种B/S架构下的矿山生态环境定量遥感监测与智能分析系统——矿山生态天眼,并详细介绍了其研发需求、技术架构、关键技术及核心功能。系统依托卫星遥感技术及其他监测手段,获取并聚合不同来源、信息丰富的矿山生态大数据,形成矿山分布一张图和数据资源服务;进而基于定量遥感反演矿山生态环境各生态参数,形成一套长时序、多要素的矿山生态监测产品,涵盖人类活动、自然地理条件和“植−土−水−气”各生态要素;在此基础上,系统提供GIS时空分析、统计分析及综合定量评价等工具集,分别实现对矿区土地利用、归一化植被指数(NDVI)等参数伴随采矿活动在空间上的变化监测,对土壤含水量、水体悬浮物浓度等生态要素历史统计值在不同时空位置和区域下的查询与可视化,对顾及多项生态因子的矿山生态环境质量综合定量评价,并最终形成矿山生态扰动与治理监测报告。矿山生态天眼的应用将服务于矿山生态环境全过程变化监测、数据管理、智能分析和决策应用,有望提高矿山生态环境监测与治理的效率和智能化水平,为推动生态文明信息化建设提供参考方案。

基于改进遥感生态指数的金寨县生态环境质量评价

为定量评价区域生态环境质量,客观反映生态环境的变化过程,为区域生态环境保护、治理及发展规划提供科学依据,该研究基于2014、2016、2018和2020年4个时期的Landsat 8卫星影像,引入归一化山地植被指数,集成绿度、湿度、热度和干度4个指标构建改进型遥感生态指数(MRSEI),进行生态环境质量时空分布制图与动态变化分析,探究金寨县周期生态环境状况及变化原因.结果表明:(1)MRSEI具有一定的科学性,能较全面地反映研究区生态环境质量情况及时空分异特征;(2)研究周期内,金寨县全域生态环境质量较高,生态质量“优”和“良”区域占比持续上升,东北部的经济开发区及其周边生态质量较差;(3)研究区MRSEI从2014年的0.668持续提升到2020年的0.869,生态环境质量持续提高.

环境监测在生态环境保护中的作用与发展

生态环境保护是当今社会面临的重要任务之一,而环境监测作为生态环境保护的重要支撑之一,在此过程中发挥着不可替代的作用。本文旨在深入研究环境监测在生态环境保护中的重要性,以及目前存在的问题,并提出了加大资金投入,实现监测技术创新,健全生态环境监测管理系统,构建完善监测网络,赋能监测现代化理论和技术,培养专业的环境监测人员等策略,希望能推动环境监测在生态环境保护中的应用与发展。

中国北方农牧交错带净初级生产力时空分异特征

为了解我国北方农牧交错带自然环境条件下的植被群落生产能力.基于2000—2020年的遥感数据和气象数据,利用光能利用率模型(CASA)估算了北方农牧交错带内植被净初级生产力(NPP),并对时空特征变化进行分析.结果表明:(1)北方农牧交错带内多年年均植被NPP,在东北部呈中间低四周高的分布;而在中南部植被NPP的分布呈现自南、东南向北、西北减少的分布特征.(2)2000—2020年北方农牧交错带单位面积年均植被NPP为234.33 gCm^(-2)a^(-1),年均植被NPP总量为167.90×10^(12)gCm^(-2)a^(-1).(3)研究时间段内植被NPP变化以波动增加为主,其变化范围190.91~284.09 gCm^(-2)a^(-1);与2000年相比,2020年NPP增加了42.05%.(4)植被NPP增加的区域占总面积的86.98%;减少的区域占总面积的2.06%.植被NPP的时空分布特征表明了中国北方农牧交错带内植被生态系统整体得到改善.

遥感技术在矿区生态环境中的应用与发展

矿区生态环境的科学有效监测是矿区生态环境保护与治理的前提,对于促进生态文明建设具有重要意义。特别是近些年来在矿山环境检测、资源调查、环境规划与设计、安全监测等方面的应用与发展越来越普遍,对这方面的需求量也越来越大。卫星遥感技术以其监测范围广阔、时效性强、数据丰富、手段多样等特点,为矿区生态监测提供一种快速、动态、全面的技术手段。特别是遥感技术在算法、算力等方面的迅速发展极大地促进国内外矿区生态环境遥感监测研究的发展和进步,遥感技术在矿山生态环境中的应用有着广泛的意义和重要价值,是当前矿山环境保护和生态建设中不可或缺的一部分。

生态环境监测在生态环境保护中的作用探析

本文探讨了生态环境监测在生态环境保护中的重要作用。首先,介绍了生态环境监测的定义和目标,详细阐述了它在监测与评估、预警与预报、政策制定与实施以及公众参与等方面的作用。然后,列举了一些生态环境监测的实际案例,并分析了其对生态环境保护的贡献。最后,总结了生态环境监测的意义,并提出了未来发展的建议。

环境监测在生态环境保护中的作用及发展措施

随着全球范围内环境问题的不断加剧,人们对于生态环境的保护迫在眉睫。在这一背景下,环境监测作为一项关键的工具和手段,可以为更加有效地应对环境挑战提供深入的理解和指导。文章旨在全面探讨环境监测在生态环境保护中的角色,包括其现状、重要作用,以及目前和未来可能采取的发展措施,为深入探究环境问题的根本原因,制定综合性解决方案提供指引。