A life-cycle assessment (LCA) was carried out to compare the energy, environmental and economic impacts of converting cassava to fuel ethanol in Guangxi Province, China. The entire life cycle is a system that includes...A life-cycle assessment (LCA) was carried out to compare the energy, environmental and economic impacts of converting cassava to fuel ethanol in Guangxi Province, China. The entire life cycle is a system that includes stages from cassava farming to ethanol fuel combustion. A computer-based model was developed to assess energy, environmental, and economic (EEE) life cycle implication of cassava-based ethanol fuel. The LCA results for fuel ethanol were compared to conventional gasoline (CG) as a base-line case. On the life-cycle bases, the use of cassava-based ethanol fuel in Guangxi may consume more energy but reduce greenhouse gas, VOC, and CO emissions. Life cycle cost results indicate that although fuel ethanol currently is not competitive compared to conventional gasoline, it has great potentials when there are subsidies and/or yields of cassava planting are improved. In terms of balancing the energy, environmental and economical, the introduction form of cassava-based ethanol fuel would be E10. The assessment results generated from this study provide an important reference for Guangxi policy makers to better understand the trade-offs among energy, environmental effects, and economics for the most effective using of regional energy resources.展开更多
Crystal phase engineering on photocatalytic materials is a subfield of photocatalysis with intensive research,which has been proven as a:versatile approach to maneuver their performance for applications in energy-and ...Crystal phase engineering on photocatalytic materials is a subfield of photocatalysis with intensive research,which has been proven as a:versatile approach to maneuver their performance for applications in energy-and environment-related fields.In this article,the state-of-the-art progress on phase-e ngin eered photocatalytic materials is reviewed.Firstly,we discuss the phase engin eeri ng on pristi ne semic on ductor photocatalysts,in which the phase-dependent light absorption,charge transfer and separation,and surface reaction behaviors in photocatalytic processes are summarized,respectively.Based on the elucidated mechanisms,the implementation of phase junctions in photocatalytic reactions is then presented.As a focus,we highlight the rational design of phase junctions toward steering the charge kinetics for enhanced photocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic performance.Moreover,the crystal phase engineering on semiconductor-based hybrid photocatalysts is also in troduced,which un derli nes the importa nee of choosi ng a suitable phase for semic on ductor comp orients and co-catalysts as well as the synergism of differe nt semico nductor phases for improved photocatalytic performa nee.Fin ally,the challe nges and perspectives in this research field are proposed.In this review,particular emphasis is placed on establishing a linkage between crystal phase and photocatalytic activity to develop a structure-activity guide.Based on the guide,a framework is suggested for future research on the rational phase design of photocatalysts for improved performance in energy and environmental applications.展开更多
针对多园区综合能源系统的分布式调度问题,文中构造了多园区综合能源系统的多主体架构,提出了一种分布式经济调度的基本框架,建立了多决策主体的集中式优化调度模型;利用交替方向乘子法(Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers,AD...针对多园区综合能源系统的分布式调度问题,文中构造了多园区综合能源系统的多主体架构,提出了一种分布式经济调度的基本框架,建立了多决策主体的集中式优化调度模型;利用交替方向乘子法(Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers,ADMM),引入功率协调变量解耦园区间互济功率,将集中式优化调度转换为具有一致性的各园区分散自治子优化问题;构建了基于ADMM分布式调度模型与算法,实现了与集中式优化调度几乎一致的优化结果,同时克服了集中式方法信息隐私安全性低、通信成本高、建模复杂、求解难度大等缺陷。最后,分别以简单和复杂的多园区综合能源系统为算例,验证了ADMM算法的计算性能及其相较于集中式方法的特点和优势。展开更多
基金Guangxi Tianchang Investment Co.,LtdNational Nature Science Foundation of China for funding this study(50175070).
文摘A life-cycle assessment (LCA) was carried out to compare the energy, environmental and economic impacts of converting cassava to fuel ethanol in Guangxi Province, China. The entire life cycle is a system that includes stages from cassava farming to ethanol fuel combustion. A computer-based model was developed to assess energy, environmental, and economic (EEE) life cycle implication of cassava-based ethanol fuel. The LCA results for fuel ethanol were compared to conventional gasoline (CG) as a base-line case. On the life-cycle bases, the use of cassava-based ethanol fuel in Guangxi may consume more energy but reduce greenhouse gas, VOC, and CO emissions. Life cycle cost results indicate that although fuel ethanol currently is not competitive compared to conventional gasoline, it has great potentials when there are subsidies and/or yields of cassava planting are improved. In terms of balancing the energy, environmental and economical, the introduction form of cassava-based ethanol fuel would be E10. The assessment results generated from this study provide an important reference for Guangxi policy makers to better understand the trade-offs among energy, environmental effects, and economics for the most effective using of regional energy resources.
基金This work was financially supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFA0207301)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21725102,21471141,21603191,and U1532135)+1 种基金CAS Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences(No.QYZDB-SSW-SLH018)CAS Interdisciplinary Innovation Team,and Innovative Program of Development Foundation of Hefei Center for Physical Science and Technology(No.2016FXCX003).
文摘Crystal phase engineering on photocatalytic materials is a subfield of photocatalysis with intensive research,which has been proven as a:versatile approach to maneuver their performance for applications in energy-and environment-related fields.In this article,the state-of-the-art progress on phase-e ngin eered photocatalytic materials is reviewed.Firstly,we discuss the phase engin eeri ng on pristi ne semic on ductor photocatalysts,in which the phase-dependent light absorption,charge transfer and separation,and surface reaction behaviors in photocatalytic processes are summarized,respectively.Based on the elucidated mechanisms,the implementation of phase junctions in photocatalytic reactions is then presented.As a focus,we highlight the rational design of phase junctions toward steering the charge kinetics for enhanced photocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic performance.Moreover,the crystal phase engineering on semiconductor-based hybrid photocatalysts is also in troduced,which un derli nes the importa nee of choosi ng a suitable phase for semic on ductor comp orients and co-catalysts as well as the synergism of differe nt semico nductor phases for improved photocatalytic performa nee.Fin ally,the challe nges and perspectives in this research field are proposed.In this review,particular emphasis is placed on establishing a linkage between crystal phase and photocatalytic activity to develop a structure-activity guide.Based on the guide,a framework is suggested for future research on the rational phase design of photocatalysts for improved performance in energy and environmental applications.
文摘针对多园区综合能源系统的分布式调度问题,文中构造了多园区综合能源系统的多主体架构,提出了一种分布式经济调度的基本框架,建立了多决策主体的集中式优化调度模型;利用交替方向乘子法(Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers,ADMM),引入功率协调变量解耦园区间互济功率,将集中式优化调度转换为具有一致性的各园区分散自治子优化问题;构建了基于ADMM分布式调度模型与算法,实现了与集中式优化调度几乎一致的优化结果,同时克服了集中式方法信息隐私安全性低、通信成本高、建模复杂、求解难度大等缺陷。最后,分别以简单和复杂的多园区综合能源系统为算例,验证了ADMM算法的计算性能及其相较于集中式方法的特点和优势。
