Recreational Behavior and Spatial Characteristics of Urban Parks Based on Multi-Source Information: A Case Study of Xiaohong Stone Carving Park in Nanjing

Urban parks are an important part of urban recreational spaces,and the development of analysis framework of recreational behavior and space is helpful for the design of urban parks to better meet the activity and usage requirements of visitors.In this paper,Xiaohong Stone Carving Park in Nanjing was taken as the research object to explore the relationship between landscape space and user behavior for design feedback.The orthographic image technology of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)and machine deep learning were used to analyze users behavior activities in the park,and the spatial characteristics of each node in the park were evaluated by semantic differential scale to explore the potential causes of behavior activities.The results showed that①there were significant differences in the number of visitors on holidays and working days,and young people and children were the main users.②The users activity of the park differed greatly on the inner and outer tour roads,and the users showed stronger willingness to stay on the inner tour roads.Recreational activities received more attention than cultural ones.③The overall distribution of users was significantly affected by hydrophilicity,and the recreational behavior and activity type were affected by multiple factors which include the hydrophilicity,safety,accessibility of cultural relics and the amount of recreational facilities.Finally,the enhanced strategies such as improving the cultural tour system,establishing hydrophilic safety belts and optimizing recreational facilities were put forward.

Exploration of Child-friendly Urban Park Design Strategies Based on Child Behavioral Psychology

By studying the behavioral psychology and needs of children,this paper analyzes the essence of child-friendly parks from the perspective of children,and discusses the design principles and key points of child-friendly parks,so as to provide a practical basis for the construction of child-friendly cities.

Transformation Design of Old Parks Based on Behavior Psychology: A Case Study of Hefei Xiaoyaojin Park

City park undertakes the function of urban core green island. Hefei Xiaoyaojin Park providesa leisure and entertainment place for Hefei citizens. Although it has been continuously transformed andupgraded, there are still many places to be improved. Through behavior observation and questionnaire,the usage and satisfaction evaluation of tourists in Xiaoyaojin Park were obtained, and the transformationdesign of Xiaoyaojin Park was analyzed from the perspective of behavior psychology by analyzing thebehavior of tourists in different zones of Xiaoyaojin. Based on the premise of exploring the behaviorof tourists in different spaces, a city park environment that meets the needs of tourists can be created bypromoting the cultural context of the Three Kingdoms, improving the plant landscape and infrastructureof the site, optimizing the spatial function, and exploring the park design and transformation strategy that ismore in line with the needs of people, in order to provide new ideas for the future landscape transformationof Xiaoyaojin park, and offer reference suggestions for the future transformation design of old city parks.

Renewal Design of Pedestrian Bridges from the Perspective of Environmental Behaviors

With the continuous deepening of urbanization,the focus of urban construction has shifted to internal renewal,and the phenomenon of decreased vitality caused by the spatial limitations of pedestrian bridges with a single transportation function as the main focus has gradually emerged.Based on this,environmental behavior theory is used to seek the convergence point between the material space and behavioral activities of pedestrian bridges to solve this dilemma.In this paper,the pedestrian bridge of Southwest Hospital of Army Medical University is taken as an example.Starting from the three types of spaces of pedestrian bridges,through behavior observation,interview research,and data analysis,the correlation between the material space of pedestrian bridges and the behavioral characteristics of the population is analyzed,stimulating the spatial vitality of pedestrian bridges,and providing reference for the sustainable development,construction,and renovation of pedestrian bridges.

Application of Environmental Psychology in Urban Space Design of China——A Case Study of Environmental Facilities Design of Urban Streets

After analyzing the concept of urban social psychology and environmental psychology, the paper considers that the city is an object shared by thousands of people from different classes, nationalities and characters, and streets and roads are the skeleton and venation of the city, serving for transport and as spaces. Then, it has proposed principles for road landscape design. Based on environmental facilities on streets, urban environmental psychology has been put forward because transport function has been highlighted while space function has been neglected in urban construction, so that facilities' design and construction can be considered from the perspective of human. Finally, some suggestions have been raised in view of problems in mechanism and management during the design and construction of domestic street facilities.

Spatial Design Strategies for Community Parks Based on Environmental Perception

By applying environmental perception theories, spatial configurations of community parks were analyzed, and spatial design strategies meeting perceptual psychology of users were proposed to integrate the community park environment into daily life of local residents, and create a harmonious and vital living environment.

全民健身背景下城市社区公园环境设计研究——以无锡市V-PARK公园设计方案为例

全民健身背景下,社区公园作为与居民生活密切相关的城市绿地,承担了周边居民健身锻炼、休闲游憩、自然体验、科普教育等众多功能,能够促进人们良好的健身习惯和健康的生活方式的形成,对普及大众体育、推动“健康中国2030”战略的实施有着重要作用。该文分析了全民健身背景下城市社区公园的设计现状,阐述优点,指出缺点,提出解决问题的四点设计策略:“系统的场地规划”“特色的环境营造”“科学的生态保护”“全面的细节考量”,并以“V-PARK公园”设计为例论证设计策略的可行性,以期为未来社区公园建设提供参考。

Suitability Evaluation of Physical Activity Places in Urban Parks for Children's Play Activities:A Case Study of Four Urban Parks in Handan

Taking 4 urban parks in Handan City as the research objects, 41 suitability evaluation indicators are selected according to the relevant literature reading. The common factors are extracted through factor analysis and the importance questionnaire and summarized into 6 dimensions, namely children's play facilities and auxiliary facility quality factor, natural environment participation factor, children's play space convenience factor, artificial environment participation factor, space environment quality and safety factor, children's game activity facility perfection factor, and the weights of public factors and indicators are calculated. Then the index score is calculated through field measurement and satisfaction survey, and the IPA analysis method is used to draw the coordinate map of key optimization indicators for 4 parks. Finally, corresponding optimization suggestions are put forward for Handan urban parks according to the analysis and evaluation results.

Seasonal Influence in Traffic-Related Air Pollutants Concentrations in Urban Parks from Porto Alegre,Brazil

Traffic-related air pollution is an alarming source of pollutants exposure and consequently to the development of several adverse health effects. Otherwise, green spaces are reported to improve health status. Although, in an urban scenario most of these areas are located near air pollutants sources, as vehicle fleet. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine, during one year, the levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) in the main parks from Porto Alegre—Brazil. This study focused on three urban parks: Germania, Moinhos de Vento and Marinha do Brasil Park. Nitrogen dioxide and ozone measurements were accessed by passive monitoring in four campaigns including all seasons and performed at distances of 0 m, 15 m, 30 m, 45 m, 60 m and 75 m from the main road at each park. NO2 and O3 concentration among the parks was not different (p > 0.05), as well as the mean concentration of NO2 and O3 of all parks in the six sites did not differ (p > 0.05). However, season 1 and 3 showed increased NO2 and O3 concentration. Temperature were decreased in season 1 and 3 (p p > 0.05). Traffic flow was higher in Moinhos de Vento Park and Marinha do Brasil Park compared to Germania Park (p 2 and O3 concentration in urban parks from Porto Alegre.

城市湿地公园消落带景观生态重建模式探讨——以南昌市马兰圩湿地公园为例

消落带区域因季节性淹没与裸露,水流反复冲刷,加之人类活动频繁,是城市生态系统的生态敏感区和脆弱区。前人相关研究多聚焦于三峡库区或大江大河的消落带土壤、植被、生境与污染物等方面,较少关注城市湿地公园的消落带,尤其是其生态重建与生态恢复方面。以南昌市马兰圩湿地公园消落带为例,系统分析了其消落带的现状及存在的问题,并基于此提出了湿地公园消落带的生态重建原则与模式,以最大限度地恢复这一区域的生态、环境和经济功能,从而为城市湿地公园的消落带生态恢复与重建提供参考。

基于POE的城市公园绿地满意度评价及提升策略:以丽水市为例

以国家生态“双示范区”丽水市主城区8个公园为研究对象,应用使用后评价(post occupancy evaluation,POE)的原理,采用问卷调查、实地调研和满意度计算的方法,就丽水市民的公园绿地满意度进行深入调研与分析。研究结果显示:1)丽水市民对城市公园的总体满意度一般,分别有18%和43%的受访者表示满意和比较满意。2)丽水市民对城市公园的不同特征的满意度存在差异。其中,公园绿地景观环境满意度最高,为65%;公园绿地卫生条件满意度最低,为42%。3)丽水市民的个人特征对城市公园满意度存在影响。其中,男性、60岁以上人群、企业职工的满意度在同一分类标准的人群中最高。4)丽水市民期望新建的公园类型依次为综合公园>社区公园>儿童公园>动物园>街旁小游园>郊野公园>其他公园>植物园。

生态系统文化服务价值感知对旅游者环境责任行为影响研究——以武夷山国家公园为例

生态文明建设背景下,国家公园以其独特的优势吸引了大批游客,但在带来经济效益的同时,部分游客的不文明行为也对生态环境造成了负面影响。生态系统文化服务为游客提供精神、娱乐等非物质利益是促使游客履行环境责任行为的重要因素。以生态系统文化服务价值感知为前因变量,以地方依恋和游客满意度为中介变量构建旅游者环境责任行为模型,实证研究发现:(1)生态系统文化服务价值感知是旅游者环境责任行为的前因变量;(2)地方依恋与游客满意度分别在生态系统文化服务价值感知对旅游者环境责任行为的影响中发挥中介作用;(3)地方依恋与游客满意度在生态系统文化服务价值感知对旅游者环境责任行为的影响中起链式中介作用。

存量发展下城市工业区增绿节地式发展研判——以上海典型产业园区为例

存量发展下,为应对工业用地产出绩效和环境品质的双重提升压力,屋顶绿化成为产业园区升级改造中提升环境品质的有效途径。文章构建适宜产业园区应用推广的草坪式屋顶绿化的适建性评价体系,选取上海典型的优化类及转型类产业园区为研究样本,评估样区内屋顶绿化的适建情况;进而将适建屋顶绿化面积折算成可增加的地面绿地率,评估园区环境品质的提升潜力。结果表明,产业园区适于推广建设屋顶绿化,不仅能够提升园区环境品质,而且可适当置换获得用地开发指标增量收益。

公园城市理念下公园化商业空间优化设计策略研究——以深圳市为例

公园化商业作为“公园城市”理念在商业建筑领域的细化和延伸,对空间品质提升、体验经济增益、异质性人群交往大有裨益。结合空间句法、环境行为学等理论和研究方法,建立城市尺度线段模型、街区尺度视域模型和门点界面比较模型,对比分析各公园化商业空间局部整合度、区域选择度、视域面积、视线深度、视角深度、截面流量等。提出优化交通层级关系来提供公共出行便利,平衡铺装绿植占比来降低视线景观遮挡,促进功能融合转化来实现景观“去形式化”的优化设计策略,为深圳市建设“公园城市”“国际消费中心城市”等发展目标献计献策。

Impacts of Environmental Factors on the Structure Characteristics of Avian Community in Shanghai Woodlots in Spring

From March to May, 2004, we selected 8 typical parks or green lands in Shanghai downtown as the study sites to conduct a ornithological research. During this study, total 55 species of birds were recorded, which included 31 resident and 24 migratory species. With statistics methodology, we analyzed the avian communities with 10 major environmental factors covering the park area, water percentage, vegetation species, canopy cover, shrub cover, grass cover, hill number, location condition, human quantity, path width, the study results indicated that: (1) the following 7 environmental factors were important to impact the structures of the avian community, they were park area, vegetation species, shrub coverage, grass coverage, hill number, location condition of the parks and path width; (2) the avian community of theses urban parks tended to deteriorate in the bird number and diversity; the man-made lake which was currently promoted in the park designing and planning process would not be good to attract the birds.

福州国家森林公园游憩者场所感知与环境行为对健康效益评估的影响

【目的】场所依恋和环境行为是探究游憩者与环境交互所形成的结果,与景观知觉的构建紧密联系,对于探讨森林公园与游憩者健康影响关系具有重要意义。结合游憩者场所感知与环境行为视角探讨森林公园健康效益的内在转化机制。【方法】以福州国家森林公园为研究样地,结合游憩者“感知评价—情感响应—行为实践”视角,构建景观知觉、场所依恋、环境行为与健康效益评估之间的关系模型,并通过结构方程模型解析四者之间的影响关系。【结果】①自然属性感知、设施属性感知、文化属性感知、空间属性感知是构成景观知觉的主要因素,影响系数分别为0.777、0.696、0.743、0.755,景观知觉对场所依恋有显著影响,影响效应达74.4%;②景观知觉能显著影响环境行为水平,直接影响效应达39.8%,间接影响效应达44.3%,场所依恋是两者影响关系中的中介变量。③景观知觉对健康效益评估产生30.2%的直接影响效应,并通过场所依恋和环境行为的中介作用对健康效益评估产生50.9%的间接影响效应。【结论】通过结构关系模型检验分析,揭示了游憩者在森林公园中的健康恢复是“感知评价—情感响应—行为实践”要素相互作用形成的复合体系。后续可结合媒体大数据以及科学的人体健康测定器材拓展研究的深度和广度。

基于累积前景理论的共享停车泊位匹配模型

为缓解停车资源紧缺问题,合理利用现有泊位资源,在充分考虑商业区停车用户的出行目的和个体异质性的基础上构建基于累积前景理论(cumulative prospect theory,CPT)的共享停车泊位匹配模型。通过累积前景理论分析商业区用户的停车选择行为,在考虑停车资源利用情况和用户对泊位满意程度的基础上,以泊位利用率和综合前景价值综合最大为目标函数,采用遗传算法对模型进行求解。通过算例分析模型泊位分配方案差异,发现相较于泊位利用率最大(maximum parking utilization rate,MPUR)模型的分配方案,CPT方案的泊位利用率与MPUR方案相同,但用户平均满意度提升了4.6%。为进一步验证模型的有效性和适用性,分别在不同供需情况和不同停车规模下对模型进行仿真实验,结果表明:在供大于求、供需平衡和供不应求3种情况下,CPT模型能在保证泊位利用率的基础上,使用户平均满意度分别提升了10.72%、8.64%和24.62%。模型可根据不同用户个体特性和泊位选择心理,为用户分配该停车场景下更符合用户心理预期的泊位,提升用户对停车分配方案的满意度,为泊位管理者提供了更加人性化的泊位分配方案参考。

文化价值观对国家公园游客亲环境行为的影响路径研究

以大熊猫国家公园为例,基于“认知-情感-行为”理论框架,结合问卷调查和实地访谈法收集游客数据,运用结构方程模型和bootstrap中介效应检验,研究文化价值观、自然联结和大熊猫国家公园游客亲环境行为之间的关联。研究发现:(1)文化价值观对游客的自然联结有显著正向影响;(2)自然联结对游客的亲环境行为有显著的正向影响;(3)自然联结在文化价值观与游客的亲环境行为之间产生显著中介作用。研究结果一方面丰富和拓展了国家公园游客亲环境行为的研究视域,为理解游客行为动机提供了重要的理论依据,另一方面为国家公园的生态保护和可持续发展提供了理论支撑和实践参考。

基于CNL的轨道站点停车换乘选择行为分析

研究轨道站点停车换乘选择行为,分析出行者选择停车换乘出行的影响因素,可进一步改善设施运营状况与优化设施配置。选取南京市轨道站点作为研究对象,通过采集轨道站点停车换乘设施的使用情况,从个人属性、出行属性及停车换乘意向3个方面对设施使用者的停车换乘选择行为进行调查。分析停车换乘选择行为的影响因素并选取9项特征变量,考虑出行者换乘方式、时间、距离,选择换乘便捷度和换乘次数进一步分析出行者停车换乘选择行为。分别以换乘便捷度和换乘次数为上层巢构建交叉巢式Logit模型,对比分析不同情况下出行者选择停车换乘出行的影响因素差异,揭示特征变量对站点选择和出行方式选择的影响。研究结果表明:换乘便捷度和换乘次数为CNL模型上层巢的参数结果存在差异,以换乘便捷度为CNL模型上层巢的结果中,收入、出行目的和停车时间的参数绝对值较大,分别为0.467,0.359,0.454;以换乘次数为CNL模型上层巢的结果中,绝对值较大的则是收入、出行目的和出行次数,分别为0.550,0.579,0.642,对比发现收入和出行目的对出行者选择停车换乘的影响较大。由模型中下层选择枝对上层巢的隶属度估计值可以发现,换乘便捷度适度增加或换乘次数适度减少的情形下,“停车换乘(P&R)”出行方式的选择枝隶属度最高,分别为0.399,0.464,出行者会更倾向于选择停车换乘。以换乘便捷度和换乘次数为上层巢构建的CNL模型较巢式Logit模型和多项Logit模型精度提升约10%,在不同换乘便捷度和换乘次数情况下出行者对不同影响因素具有差异化敏感程度。

城市公园环境要素对居民心理健康的影响

为探讨城市公园中自然要素、感知要素、休息要素和活动要素对居民正向情绪、认知功能及心理症状和负向情绪三个心理健康维度的影响,以及自然联结在其中的作用,调查了911名北京市居民,并构建了结构方程模型。分析结果表明,城市公园的感知要素可以直接促进居民的正向情绪和认知功能,也可以通过自然联结间接促进居民的正向情绪和认知功能,并缓解居民的心理症状和负向情绪。另外,城市公园的活动要素可以直接促进居民的正向情绪,缓解居民的心理症状和负向情绪。然而,自然要素和休息要素对居民心理健康各维度的预测作用不显著。因此,应注重增加城市公园中的感知要素和活动要素,以及增强人与自然的互动,提高居民与自然的联结。