Modeling Environmental Susceptibility of Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Sites: A Case Study in São Paulo State, Brazil

The large excess of solid waste generated in cities is a result of population growth and economic development. Properly managing this municipal solid waste (MSW) is a challenge, mainly in underdeveloped and developing countries where financial concerns are an added problem. From the environmental point of view, a major issue is properly disposing MSW taking into consideration a wide range of factors, and working with different spatial data. In this study, we used geographic information system (GIS) to perform multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) conducted by analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The development of the environmental impact susceptibility model (EISM) for municipal solid waste disposal sites (MSWDS) applied to the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil considered factors such as geology, pedology, geomorphology, water resources, and climate represented by fifteen associated sub-factors. The results indicated that more than 82% of Sao Paulo’s territory is situated in areas with very low, low, and medium environmental impact susceptibility categories. However, in the remaining 18% of the state land area, 85 landfills are located in areas with high and very high environmental impact susceptibility categories. These results are alarming because these 85 landfills receive approximately 17,886 tons of MSW on a daily basis, which corresponds to 46% of all municipal solid waste disposed in Sao Paulo state. Therefore, decision makers, urban planners and policymakers could use the findings of the EISM towards mitigating the environmental impacts caused by MSWDS.

Solidification of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration FlyAsh with Cement and Its Leaching Behaviors of Heavy Metals

The solidifying effect of cement addition on municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWFA for short,collected from the gas exhaust system of MSW incinerator),the interaction of MSWFA with cement and water and the leaching of heavy metals from cement solidified MSWFA are investigated.The main results show that:(1) when MSWFA is mixed with cement and water,H 2 evolution,the formation and volume expansion of AFt will take place,the volume expansion can be reduced by ground rice husk ash addition;(2) heavy metals do leach from cement solidified MSWFA and at lower pH more leaching will occur;(3) compared with cement-solidified fly ash,the leachate of solidified MSWFA is with higher heavy metal contents;(4) with the increment of cement addition leached heavy metals are decreased;and (5) concentrations of Zn,Mn,Cu and Cd in all the leachates can meet the relevant Standards of Japan,but as the regulations for soil and groundwater protection of Japan are concerned,precautions against the leaching of Pb,Cl - and Cr 6+ and so on are needed.

废冰箱回收利用环境效益评估——基于IMPACT WORLD+方法

废电器是产生量大且增速快的一类固体废物.我国构建的废电器回收体系是实施碳达峰?碳中和的重要举措,但废电器回收利用体系的环境效益尚不清楚.利用IMPACTWORLD+方法,从不同环境影响类型出发评估废电器回收处理的环境效益,并通过损害类型指标量化评价.结果表明,废冰箱回收利用的损害类型指标“人体健康”和“生态环境质量”的结果分别为-10592.501EUR2015和-8211.357EUR2015,合计为-18803.857EUR2015,即环境收益相当于18803.857EUR2015.据此估算,中国2021年废电器回收处理体系中仅废冰箱回收利用的环境收益可达12.82亿EUR2015.研究结果表明废电器回收处理的环境收益十分可观,有望为废电器回收行业的可持续发展提供新的助力.

Environmental Impact Assessment for an Absorption Heat Transformer

This study presents the environmental impact assessment of an absorption heat transformer designed to recover 1 kW of thermal energy from each 2 kW of waste heat supplies. The net contribution of the heat transformer is a load avoided of 0.665 kg CO2 equivalents;the recovery process avoids 0.729 kg CO2 equivalents and the major contribution to the environment impacts is the pumping process with 0.0437 kg CO2 equivalents for each 1 kWh recovered. The study results show that absorption heat transformer is a good environmental option because it produces useful energy from waste heat and the final result is an environmental impact diminution.

Life cycle assessment for waste acid treatment in zinc smelting

Lift cycle assessment(LCA)methodology was applied to evaluating and comparing two waste acid disposal processes in zinc smelting.The results indicate that environmental impacts of gas−liquid vulcanization technologies are human toxicity,abiotic depletion potential,and global warming risk,which are mainly caused in neutralizing−evaporating−crystallization unit and electrodialysis unit.As for traditional lime neutralization method,vulcanization unit is the main factor.In this regard,the total environmental impact of traditional lime neutralization method is much higher than that of gas−liquid vulcanization technologies.Furthermore,the sensitive analysis shows that electricity and sodium sulfide(60%)are sensitive factors in two waste acid disposal technologies.In addition,the total cost of disposing a functional unit waste acid in traditional lime neutralization process is nearly 27 times that of the gas−liquid vulcanization waste acid disposal technologies.

Classification Method fo Urban Solid Waste Disposal Sites

One of the environmental liabilities left by abandoned urban waste disposal sites, closed without the correct procedures, is the risk of exposure to their effluents, whose emissions may occur for many years. The purpose of the proposed methodology, referred to as SISTAVAFE, an assessment system of a closed landfill, is to contribute in the risk assess- ment of exposure to leachate as well as to suggest procedures for site monitoring, according to different levels of care and urgency. The method is based on four matrices that help make an initial evaluation of the risk source, potential target and the surface and underground environmental paths. This paper only addresses the contamination caused by liquid effluents.

Assessment of Risk to Human Health from Landfill Gas at Sharra Landfill, Tirana--Albania

Urban waste management and particularly dumpsites represents one of the most significant problems tot the long term protection of public health and environment in Albania. All waste management options, including landfilling, involve an element of risk to human health. This article addresses the question, if sources of emissions from Sharra landfill lead theoretically to public exposures exceeding health criteria？ This question is approached using an exposure pathway analysis framework, which link a source of one or more harmful pollutants at a site with a human receptor that inhales the pollutant. The risk posed to human health from HCHO （formaldehyde） and dioxin is estimated for on-site and off-site receptors in Sharra landfill. For on-site receptors, the average risk to get harm through the inhalation pathway from HCHO is in the range of 20 times to 300 times greater than allowed risk value, while for off-site receptors the average risk is in the range of 10 times to 180 times greater. While for dioxin the risk is in the range from 50 to 600 for on-site receptors and 10 to 35 for off-site receptors, times greater than often allowed risk.

Evaluation of Effluent Discharge from Steel Manufacturing Industries on the Proliferating Environmental Degradation in Nairobi Metropolitan in the Republic of Kenya

The overall objective of this study was to establish the effects of steel industrial effluent on Nairobi metropolitan water system and its impact to the society. The study sought to identify various types of wastes produced by factories, assess how the waste generated is managed and disposed, examine the effects of effluent discharge on Nairobi River and finally propose mitigation measures. The research adopted a qualitative design and employed a number of methods: direct observations, document reviews to content analysis of the past studies, which in the end generated invaluable data. The study revealed that there are four categories of waste generated: solid waste, liquid waste, footbath chemicals as well as thermal wastes. It was also found that waste management in place was not effective enough leading to water and soil pollution. Other causes of pollution were found out to emanate from gasses contamination to the air and chemicals used during steel processing. The findings will inform the community of the harmful effects of untreated water and how it impacts on their health and productivity. It will also help the stakeholders in the environmental conservation to articulate issues of policy and influence agenda setting in the national and sub-national levels.

黏结钕铁硼磁体生产和回收生命周期评价

关于钕铁硼磁体回收的研究越来越受到重视,但在起步阶段回收制备技术是否能够真正带来环境效益是不确定的。采用ReCiPe评价方法,选取制备1 kg黏结钕铁硼磁体为功能单位,分别对黏结钕铁硼磁体直接制备和回收制备流程的环境影响进行评价并对比。结果表明:直接制备流程中对环境影响最大的关键阶段为熔炼阶段,环境影响主要由钕和电力产生;回收制备流程中对环境影响最大的关键阶段为去除有机物阶段和热压固化阶段,环境影响主要由次氯酸钠和电力产生。生产1 kg黏结钕铁硼磁体,直接制备工艺对人体健康损害、生态健康损害和资源耗竭的环境损害分别是回收制备工艺的158.40%、180.63%、63.37%。

有色金属工业固体废物生态环境效应分析方法研究进展

随着经济社会的快速发展,工业领域取得了许多进展,但大量固体废物随工业的发展增加,尤其是有色金属行业固体废物排放量较大,占用了大量的土地,导致生态环境污染,危害人类健康。针对有色金属工业固体废物污染严重、综合利用率低及监测管理不足的现状,综述了生态环境效应研究进展,介绍生态环境效应分析评价指标体系的构建原则,即目标性和针对性原则、系统综合性原则、科学性原则、代表性原则、可操作性原则。对6种生态环境污染指数评价方法进行系统比较,分析其各自优缺点及适用范围,给出了适合有色金属工业固体废物污染的评价方法,为有色金属工业固体废物环境监测管理及有针对性地改善区域环境质量提供参考。

典型金属生产过程的环境影响评价研究进展

随着工业化进程加快,金属资源的关键性已成为我国乃至全球关注的问题,金属资源的大范围应用使其在生产时造成的环境影响越来越严重。为选择对环境影响较小的金属种类及生产方式,针对62种典型金属工业生产过程,对其相关的环境影响评价研究进展进行总结,重点关注黑色金属和有色轻、重金属生产过程的环境影响,并对与碳足迹分析相关的研究进行重点总结评述。重金属在生态毒性、人类健康等毒性影响方面均有较大影响;稀有金属和准金属的相关评价主要集中在Li和V上,且是未来的主要研究方向;贵金属相比其他金属造成的碳排放较为显著。金属生产行业未来需重点考虑金属元素自身性质,依据其不同阶段的污染程度优化生产方式,且聚焦金属生产行业的温室气体排放问题。

工业固废资源化综合利用的策略与实践

为解决我国钢铁板块带来的钢铁固废和粉煤灰等工业固废的资源化利用问题,采用案例分析和实地调研的方法,以酒钢集团在尾矿悬浮磁化焙烧和粉煤灰资源化利用为例,探索并提出了一系列综合利用策略:通过加强政府与企业的联合,鼓励具备条件的科研单位和企业共同发展共享性质的试验、检测、中试及大规模试验平台,并促进高等教育机构、科研机构与科技创新企业之间的紧密协作,构建“产学研用”一体化通道,促进工业固废综合利用的新理论、新技术、新模式的形成;地质聚合物凭借其独特的三维网络结构和优异的性能,可作为土木工程材料、耐火材料和吸附材料等应用于多个领域,还可作为一种替代水泥的聚合胶凝材料,有助于减少建筑行业的碳排放;针对目前以硅酸盐水泥或者矿渣水泥为主的矿山充填料的整体强度要求不高,造成资源浪费和增加成本的问题,可利用工业固体废弃物部分或者完全替代水泥制备新型胶凝材料进行胶结充填;从源头上拓宽固废的处置和利用途径,探索规模化、低投资、高效益的固废处理方法,实现固废的资源化利用,使工业固废处置更加多元化。结果表明,通过拓展利用领域、发挥标准引领作用、加强上下游协同及实施多元化处置策略,可以有效提升固废的资源化利用率,尤其是地质聚合物技术在固废处理中显示出显著的环境效益和应用潜力。为实现固废的资源化综合利用,需要政府、企业和研究机构的共同努力,对现有处置方法进行创新和改进,以推动工业固废向高附加值产品的转化,促进绿色经济的发展。

加强固体废物治理和环境影响评价探析

随着工业化进程的不断加快和社会经济的发展,固体废弃物数量日益增加,这对生态环境造成了极大的威胁。因此,加强固体废物的治理和对其产生的环境影响进行深入的研究是十分必要的。

垃圾焚烧发电技术的环境影响评估与应对策略

垃圾焚烧发电技术在处理城市垃圾的同时会对环境产生一定的影响。从大气污染物排放、水污染物排放、固体废物污染、噪声污染以及环境风险等方面,评估垃圾焚烧发电的环境影响。在此基础上,提出相应的应对策略,包括烟气净化技术的应用、焚烧工艺参数的优化、环境监测体系的建立以及公众参与和信息公开等。通过国内外垃圾焚烧发电项目案例的分析,总结相关经验和启示。研究表明,采取综合性的环境影响应对措施,可以有效降低垃圾焚烧发电的环境影响,实现垃圾处理的减量化、无害化和资源化目标。

感应电磁法在固废非法填埋环境损害鉴定评估案例中的应用

粤港澳大湾区非法填埋固废事件频发且类型多样,针对这类鉴定对象复杂且不确定因素较多的案件,本研究采用多频电磁仪(GEM-2)对大湾区某固废填埋地块进行探测,通过向地下同时发射4个频率电磁波,获取地表至特定深度范围内地下物质的电阻率特征,从而快速圈定固废填埋的位置和范围,同时采用钻探方法进行验证。结果显示,感应电磁法推断的固废填埋范围约18900 m^(2),其中A区和B区面积分别为8760 m^(2)和10140 m^(2),通过现场钻探,证实上述区域混填有市政污泥、生活垃圾、废矿渣3类固废,地下填埋厚度为0.5~5.6 m,填埋面积约24460 m^(2),总填埋量为65330 m^(3),感应电磁法在B区的测试结果与钻探方法接近。研究表明,感应电磁法在环境损害鉴定评估中具有较强的应用价值,将其与钻探方法结合使用有利于提高鉴定的效率和准确性,为今后此类案件鉴定提供技术参考。

热分解-汞齐化富集-冷原子吸收分光光度法测定工业废盐中的汞含量

本研究尝试建立利用热分解-汞齐化富集-冷原子吸收分光光度法测定工业废盐中汞含量的方法。本研究方法在进样量为0.1g,样品干燥温度为150℃,干燥时间为20s,热分解温度为750℃,分解时间为180s,汞齐化时间为12s,读数时间为30s的条件下用直接测汞仪检测工业废盐中的汞含量。实验结果显示,方法测定范围为0.001μg/g~5μg/g,相关系数R2优于0.9999,汞含量的检出限为0.0002μg/g,相对标准偏差(RSD)在6.34%~7.55%范围内,工业废盐样品加标回收率在89.8%~121.4%范围内。该方法操作简便、耗时较短、无基体干扰、重现性好、准确度高,适用于生态环境损害鉴定评估、固体废物鉴别等工作中工业废盐的汞含量测定。

建筑固废资源化利用项目环评编制要点分析

随着城市化建设水平的提高,建筑工程项目的数量日益增多。固体废物是建筑行业造成环境污染的一大因素,但从循环利用的角度而言,建筑固体废物中的某些废物可进行回收利用,不仅能降低建筑工程对环境的污染,还能提高资源利用率,推进建筑行业节能化、绿色化发展,积极响应国家可持续发展战略。鉴于此,本文以固废资源化利用为研究重点,重点探究建筑固废资源化利用项目的环评编制要点,希望能为全行业提供参考,推动建筑行业现代化转型升级。

典型危险废物焚烧工艺环境影响评价产污分析

本文以危险废物典型焚烧工艺为例,通过对危险废物焚烧项目环境影响评价中废气、废水、固废和噪声等进行产排污分析,提出减少污染物排放的控制措施,为同类工程开展环境影响评价工作提供一定的参考。

固废管理体系中的环境风险评估与管理研究

本文探讨了固废管理体系中的环境风险评估与管理,旨在强调环境风险评估的重要性及如何将其有效应用于固废管理中。本文介绍了环境风险的定义和概念以及环境风险评估的方法,包括定性评估、定量评估及相关模型和工具,讨论了固废的定义和分类以及环境法规和固废管理的关键元素,重点关注了风险管理在固废管理中的应用,包括风险的减轻和避免、应急响应及治理和监测,并通过案例研究和成功的环境风险管理实践,强调环境风险管理在固废管理体系中的关键作用。

集成电路制造行业大气环境影响评价技术分析

集成电路产业发展迅速,产业规模大幅提升,在落实“简政放权、放管结合、优化服务”的大背景下,推动北京市集成电路项目环境影响评价文件编制、技术评估和审批管理工作的高效开展十分重要。由于集成电路生产过程工艺复杂,会产生多种有毒有害气体,因此做好集成电路项目大气环境影响评价是防控项目污染、保障项目环保可行的重要前提。本文针对集成电路制造项目,结合北京市具体情况,对集成电路制造工业大气环境影响评价技术要点和未来需关注的问题进行了概述和建议。